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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Trait
3-1 |
characteristic of an organism
ex: hair color, eye color, tall, short |
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inherited trait
3-1 |
trait that is passed from parents to offspring
ex: eye color |
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heredity
3-1 |
passing of traits from parents to children
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genetics
3-1 |
study of heredity
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sperm cell
3-2 |
male reproductive cell
contains two Y cells |
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egg cell
3-2 |
female reproductive cell
contains an X and Y cell |
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gamete
3-2 |
reproductive cell
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meiosis
3-2 |
type of cell division that produces gametes (reproductive cells)
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DNA
3-3 |
large molecule contained in chromosomes
looks like a ladder sides of the ladder are made of sugar and phosphates steps are nitrogen bases |
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replication
3-3 |
process by which DNA is duplicated
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protein synthesis
3-3 |
process by which proteins are made
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RNA
3-3 |
molecule used in making of proteins
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karyotype
3-4 |
organized display of an organism chromosome's
organized by size and shape |
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centromere
3-4 |
point of a chromosome where two parts meet
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genes
3-4 |
parts of a chromosome that control inherited traits
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allele
3-4 |
one or two or more forms of a particular gene
ex: plants>pink flower or white flower animals> black fur or brown fur |
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homozygous
3-5 |
having two like genes for the same trait
tall plant> two genes for tall T x T= T short plant> two genes for short S x S= S |
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dominant gene
3-5 |
gene whose trait always shows itself
T pea X S pea= T pea |
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recessive gene
3-5 |
gene of a trait that is hidden when the dominant gene is present
T pea X S pea = T pea (short is hidden) S pea X S pea= S pea (both recessive) |
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Punnett Square
3-6 |
chart that shows possible gene combinations.
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sex linked traits
3-9 |
traits that are controlled by the sex chromosome
ex: hemophilia (blood does not clot right) colorblindness: more in men Y chromosome |
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carrier
3-9 |
an organism that has a recessive gene for a trait but does not show the trait
one normal gene and one gene for sex linked disorder |
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pedigree
3-9 |
chart that shows inheritance of certain traits over several generations
like a family tree |
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inherited disease
3-10 |
disease caused by an inherited gene
ex: Sickle cell Anemia-Africans red blood cells have u shape PKU> missing an enzyme Tay-Sachs Disease> Jewish children, missing an enzyme to break down fat |
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mutation
3-11 |
change in a gene
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controlled breeding
3-12 |
mating organisms to produce offspring with certain traits
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mass selection
3-12 |
crossing plants with desirable traits
EX: growing large strawberries |
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hybridization
3-12 |
mating two different kinds of organisms
MULE: mother is a horse, father is a donkey |
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inbreeding
3-12 |
mating closely related organisms
EXAMPLE: racehorses for speed mother has speed, father has speed |
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genetic engineering
3-13 |
methods used to produce new forms of DNA
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gene splicing
3-13 |
moving a section of DNA from the genes of one organism to the genes of another organism
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incomplete dominance
3-7 |
pattern of inheritance in which alleles from both parents are blended
Four O'Clock Flowers: Red RR and White WW Cross them and end with RW, RW, RW, RW |
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co-dominance
3-7 |
pattern of inheritance in which both alleles of a gene are expressed
Chicken: 1 Black feathers, 1 White Feathers WW and BB= BW, BW, BW, BW |
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heterozygous Crosses
3-7 |
recessive genes do not disappear
2 Black and White Chickens BW x BW= BB, BW, BW, WW |
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gender
3-8 |
sex of a person or other organism
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Male gametes
3-8 |
XY pair of chromosomes
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Female Gametes
3-8 |
XX pair of chromosomes
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