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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is diffusion? |
Movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. |
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What is osmosis? |
Diffusion of water from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution, through a partially permeable membrane |
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What is active transport? |
Where substances are absorbed against a concentration gradient |
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Does diffusion require energy? |
No. |
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Does osmosis require energy? |
No. |
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Does active transport require energy? |
Yes, energy from respiration |
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How are cells in the lungs specialized to increase the rate of exchanging materials? |
Alveoli have a large surface area so a greater volume of gases can be exchanged. Good blood supply so oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange more quickly Thin membranes allow diffusion Moist lining of the alveoli allow gases to dissolve so they can be diffused |
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How are leaf cells specialized to increase the rate of exchanging materials? |
In the leaf cells, carbon dioxide enters by diffusion and oxygen(a by-product of photosynthesis) leaves by diffusion
Surface area of the leave is increased by its flat shape Internal air spaces give increased surface area for gas exchange |
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What factors affect the rate of transpiration and how do plants reduce water loss? |
It is increased in hot, dry and windy conditions. Plants living in these conditions have a thick waxy layer to reduce water loss |
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How do root hair cells absorb mineral ions? |
Active transport. Low concentration of mineral in the soil. They dissolve in water and move around the soil in solution The root hair cells have carrier molecules on their surface that pick up the minerals and move them into the cell against the concentration gradient This requires energy. |
