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85 Cards in this Set

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Organisms that obtain their energy from light

Autotrophic

Automatically light

Yields less energy per mole of glucose than aerobic respiration

Fermentation

What happens in respiration?

Oxygen acts as an acceptor for electrons (and protons), forming water

What cellular organelles would you expect to be absent from fungi?

Chloroplasts

The two daughter cells formed by mitosis and cytokinesis have

The same # of chromosomes present in the parent cell

Intracellular organelles that participate in metabolic oxidations involving H2O2 are called

Peroxisomes

Starch, cellulose and glycogen are all

Polymers of glucose

What cell organelles does not have a membranous structure?

Centrioles

In anaerobic glycolysis in muscle cells, one mole of glucose is oxidized to

Two moles of lactic acid

The movement of water soluble molecules through cell membranes, from higher to lower concentrations, by attachment to a carrier protein, describes

Facilitated diffusion

As far as their products are concerned, all biosynthetic reactions in living cells results in

A more ordered state,therefore a decrease in entropy

What is the smallest organelle in the cell?

Ribosome

For the given diameter of an ax , one factor which increases the velocity of a nerve impulse is

The presence of of a myelin sheath

Which chiefly stimulates action of the respiratory center?

Carbon dioxide in the blood

All the muscle fibers innervated by one nerve fiber

Motor unit

The human heart beat is initiated within the

Sino atrial node

In the nephron of the kidney, filtration occurs between

The glomerular amd bowmans capsule

The addition of potassium iodide as a nutritional supplement to a common table salt would most directly affect the function of what gland?

Thyroid

Which hormones are synthesized by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland of vertebrates?

Thyrotropic hormone, andrenocorticotropic hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, and growth hormone

Multiple hormones

Clotting of human blood depends on what?

The formation of fibrin from fibrinogen

At some stage of development all chordates have

Pharyngeal pouches, a notochord, and a dorsal tubular nerve cord

Organisms that have characteristics of radial symmetry, water vascular system, a spiny skin, and are found exclusively in a marine habitat would be in which phylum?

Echinodermata

Which group of invertebrates is apparently most closely related to primitive vertebrates?

Echinodermata

Under the 5 kingdom classificiation, members of the kingdom Monera are generally separated from the members of all other kingdoms by having

Prokaryotic cells vs. Eukaryotic cells

A segment of DNA with the sequence GGCATTAGG would be transcribed into a messenger RNA segment with the sequence

CCGUAAUCC

Assuming no linkage, how many different kinds of gametes can be produced by an organism with the genotype AaBbcc?

4

Alleles for diploid organisms

-at most only 2 alleles occur at a given locus in an organisms genome


-alleles occupy an identical locus in homologous chromosomes

In watermelons, the unlined genes for green color and for short length are dominant over alleles for striped color and long length. Predict the phenotypes and their ratios for the cross Ggss x ggSs

1:1:1:1 green short:striped short: green long: striped long

Sexualize and asexual reproduction usually differ in

The amount of genotype variation between parent and offspring

In human beings, color blindness is controlled by an X-linked recessive allele. In a cross involving this X-linked trait, the male patent has normal color vision, but the female parent is a carrier. What are the chances that a male offspring will inherit color blindness?

50%

Consider a pair of homologous human chromosomes. In this pair one would expect...

One chromosome to have been inherited from the mother and the other from the father

Embryonic tissues influence adjacent tissues to differentiate

Embryonic induction

The cavity of the ______ represents the beginning of the primitive gut.

Archenteron

Of the germ layers comprising the early human embryo, which one forms most of the central nervous system?

Ectoderm

The rate and type of cleavage occurring after fertilization would be most affected by the...

Amount and distribution of yolk

The long term natural process by which a pond eventually becomes a terrestrial community is referred to as...

Ecological succession

The initial step in speciation process often involves..

Geographical separation of populations

The complex behavioral response to a specific cue or releaser, which is exhibited by all members of the species as a stereotyped response to the same stimulus is know as...

Fixed action pattern

Each of the following changes the frequency of alleles in a population..

Mutation, natural selection, immigration, genetic drift.

What is the 2nd law of thermodynamics?

Any system isolated from an energy source tends toward it's least ordered state

2 identical tubed of yeast are growing in a sugar solution. One tube is sealed and one is open to air. The sealed tube will differ from the open one in that the yeast in the sealed tube will produce more...

Ethanol

Which part of the microscope magnifies the image of the species being examined?

Objective

Lysosomes

What does the endodymbiotic theory state?

Eukaryotic cells incorporate a prokaryotic cell

Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy is used to stain cells for ATP synthase. What organelle will be fluorescent ?

Mitochondria

Messenger ribonulceic acid (mRNA) differs from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in that mRNA..

Contains ribose sugar and is single stranded

What is the first even during meiosis?

Chromosomes condense in a diploid nucleus

If animal muscle cells are deprived of oxygen, anaerobic glycolysis will result and pyruvic acid will then be converted to ..

Lactic acid

A sample of blood is added to a test tube containing a 1.6% salt solution. A short while later, the rbc's are observed to be smaller and wrinkled in shape due to water loss. This indicates that..

Red blood cells are hypotonic to 1.6% salt solution

Which type of lipids are associated with the plasma membrane of eukaryotic but not prokaryotic cells?

Steroids

A plant kept in the dark will not be able to produce glucose because light is neccessary for...

Sufficient ATP amd reduced NADP to be available to synthesize glucose from CO2

The 1st law of thermodynamics implies that living organisms cannot create their own energy but can only convert one form of energy into another. What then is the ultimate source of energy for most living organisms?

Light energy from the sun

Hormone do not function as a source of energy but rather...

Affects membrane transport of substances


Regulates water balance in the body


Changes the amount of activity of enzymes


Promotes transcription of mRNA

This is similar in function

Adrenal medulla and sympathetic nervous system

On the nephron of the kidney, filtration occurs between..

Glomerular and bowmans capsule

The stimulation of parasympathetic nerves would produce..

An increase in peristaltic activity

What situation is most likely to result in genetic drift?

Isolation of a small population from a larger one

The effects of blood clotting are a result from..

Fibrin

The muscle cells of the human heart are primarily nourished by..

Blood delivered by the coronary arteries

Carbon dioxide passes from tissues to blood to lungs by..

Diffusing from a region of high concentration to an area of lesser concentration

A person eats a muffin containing 14C labeled carbohydrate. Following digestion where is the first place high levels of radioactivity would accumulate is the...

Liver

What is typically autotrophic?

Plants

Th one phyla that contains more species than the others combined is..

Arthropoda

The neurotransmitter that signals skeletal muscle fibers to contract is..

Acetylcholine

In which kingdom are organisms entirely heterotrophic?

Animalia and fungi

Mendels law of segregation reflects the fact that..

Each member of an allelic pair of genes enters a separate cell during meiosis

A diploid cell (2N=20) has how many tetras at metaphase I ?

10

Speed are unable to fertilize an egg until they undergo capacitation in the...

Oviduct

During the synthesis of a polypeptide the completed polypeptide is released when the..

Ribosome reaches a termination codon

24% of the bases of a double stranded DNA molecule are a Denise (A). What percentage of its bases would be expected to consist of guanine (G)?

26%

Heterozygous dominant for an autosomal trait

One form of color blindness is caused by gene c carried on the X chromosome in humans. The gene is recessive to its normal allele C. Far more men are colorblind than women. Geneticists explain this by pointing out that...

Men carry no genes for color vision on their Y chromosome.

Several generations of 2 species of paramecia are observed reproducing at the same rate. It is notes that population A has fewer phenotypes over time than population B. This most likely would occur if population B...

Reproduces sexually

What is the formation of germ layers?

Gastrulation

Of the germ layers comprising the early human embryo, which one forms most of the central nervous system?

Ectoderm

Process in which embryonic tissues influence adjacent tissues to differentiate is...

Embryonic induction

One of the loveliest sounds in nature is bird song. Such song is commonly associated with..

Territoriality

A deciduous forest biomedical differs from that of the grassland biomedical in that the forest biomedical receives more...

Moisture

Mitosis

Meiosis

Key concept

Menstrual cycle hormones

Flowering plants

VSEPR

Ir absorption