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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the cell's outer covering
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cell membrane
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a gelatin-like material that is inside every cell
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cytoplasm
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tough rigid outer coverings that protect the cell and give it shape
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cell walls
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structures in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that can act as a storage site, process energy, move materials or manufacture substances
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organelles
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directs all cell activities and is separated from the cytoplasm by a membrane
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nucleus
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contains the green pigment chlorophyll which gives many leaves and stems their green color
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chloroplasts
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organelles where energy is released from breaking down food into carbon dioxide and water
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mitochondria
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small cytoplasmic structures on which cells make their own proteins
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ribosomes
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a series of folded membranes in which materials can be processed and moved around inside the cell
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endoplamic reticulum
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stacked flattened membranes
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Golgi bodies
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a group of similar cells that work together to do one job
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tissue
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a structure made up of 2 or more different types of tissues that work together
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organ
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states that all organisms are made up of one or more cells and all cells come from other cells
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cell theory
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a strand of hereditary material surrounded by a protein coating
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virus
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living cell in which a virus can actively multiply or in which a virus can hide until activated by environmental stimuli
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host cell
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the passing of traits form parents to offspring
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hereditary
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the different forms of a trait that a gene may have
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alleles
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the study of how traits are inherited through the interactions of alleles
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genetics
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receiving different genetic information or different alleles for a trait from each parent
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hybrid
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the trait that dominates or covers up the other trait
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dominant
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the trait that seems to disappear
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recessive
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a handy tool used to predict results in Mendelian genetics
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Punnett square
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genetic makeup of an organism
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genotype
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the way an organism looks and behaves as a result of its genotype
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phenotype
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an organism with 2 alleles that are the same
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homozygous
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an organism that has 2 different alleles for a trait
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heterozygous
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the inheritence when the offspring of 2 homozygous parents show an intermediate phenotype
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incomplete dominance
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occurs when a group of gene pairs act together to produce a trait
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polygenic inheritence
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an allele inherited on a sex chromosome
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sex-linked gene
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scientists are experimenting with biological and chemical methods to change the arrangement of DNA that makes up a gene through this
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genetic engineering
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haploid cells that divide by cell division to form plant structures or an entire new plant
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spores
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plant life cycle stage that begins when cells in reproductive organs undergo meiosis and produce haploid cells
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gametophyte stage
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fertilization, the joining of haploid sex cells, begins this
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sporophyte stage
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leaves of ferns
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fronds
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underground stem
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rhizome
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fern spores are produced in these structures
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sori
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heart-shaped gametophyte plant
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prothallus
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has a water-resistant & contains gametophyte parts that can produce the sperm
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pollen grain
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the transfer of pollen grains to the female part of a plant
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pollination
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where the egg is produced
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ovule
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male reproductive organ
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stamen
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female reproductive organ
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pistil
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swollen base of the pistil where ovules are found
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ovary
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a series of events that results in the growth of a plant from a seed
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germination
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