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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cell
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the smallest unit of matter that can carry on all of the processes of life
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Robert Hooke
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discoverd and named the "cell" (dead cells) (30x)
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek
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(1675) was the first person to observe living cells
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the cell theory
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-all living things are composed of one or more cells
-cells are the basic units of structure and function in an orginism -cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells |
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Matthias Schleiden
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(1838) concluded all plants are made of cells
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Theodor Schwann
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concluded all animals were made of cells
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Rudolf Virchow
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concluded cells only come from existing cells
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most plant and animal cells are how big?
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10 to 50 um (0.002 in.)
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how big are some bactirial cells?
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0.2 um (0.000008)
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why are cells limited in size?
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because of their ratio between their outer serface area and there volume
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Nerve cells look...
and are good for... |
long extentions are reaching out in various directions from the nerve cell enableing the cell to receive and transmit nerve inpulses
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skin cells look...
and are good for... |
skin cells are flat which is good for covering the body
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white blood cells look...
and are good for... |
white blood cells can change shape, leave the blood, and enter the areas surrounding blood vessels. this allows them to move through norrow openings and to isolate, engulf,and destroy bacteria that invade the body.
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organelles
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a cell component that performs specific functions for the cell
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cell membrane
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a thin membrane that surounds the cell
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cell
|
the smallest unit of matter that can carry on all of the processes of life
|
|
|
Robert Hooke
|
(1665)discoverd and named the "cell" (dead cells)
|
|
|
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
|
was the first person to observe living cells
|
|
|
the cell theory
|
-all living things are composed of one or more cells
-cells are the basic units of structure and function in an orginism -cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells |
|
|
Matthias Schleiden
|
concluded all plants are made of cells
|
|
|
Theodor Schwann
|
concluded all animals were made of cells
|
|
|
Rudolf Virchow
|
concluded cells only come from existing cells
|
|
|
most plant and animal cells are how big?
|
10 to 50 um (0.002 in.)
|
|
|
how big are some bactirial cells?
|
0.2 um (0.000008)
|
|
|
why are cells limited in size?
|
because of their ratio between their outer serface area and there volume
|
|
|
Nerve cells look...
and are good for... |
long extentions are reaching out in various directions from the nerve cell enableing the cell to receive and transmit nerve inpulses
|
|
|
skin cells look...
and are good for... |
skin cells are flat which is good for covering the body
|
|
|
white blood cells look...
and are good for... |
white blood cells can change shape, leave the blood, and enter the areas surrounding blood vessels. this allows them to move through norrow openings and to isolate, engulf,and destroy bacteria that invade the body.
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organelles
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a cell component that performs specific functions for the cell
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cell membrane
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a thin membrane that surounds the cell
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prokaryotes
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-no nucleus
-circular DNA -no membrane-covered organelles -relativly small -reproduce quickly |
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eukaryotes
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-nucleus
-linear DNA -many membrane-covered organells -relativly large -reproduce slow |
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the structure of a cell is determined by...
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the specific functions carried out by the cell
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what are the 3 main components of a eukaryotic cell?
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-cell membrane
-nucleus -other organelles |
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what passes through a cell membrane?
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nutrients and wastes
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selectively permeable
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some substances easily pass through the membane, while others cannot pass through at all
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what are all cell membanes made of?
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lipids and proteins
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what is the major type of lipids in the cell membane?
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phospholipids
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what are the parts of a phospholeped molecule?
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a polar (hydophilic) "head" and two nonpolar (hydrophobic) "tails"
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where in membranes do the steriod molecules (another type of lipid) go?
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between the tails of the phospholipids
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what is the major membrane steriod found in animals?
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cholesterol
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where on cell membranes are the peripheral proteins located?
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the surfaces (inside and out)
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what links pheripheral proteins to cell membranes?
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cell membrane lipids or other proteins that are embedded in the lipid bilayer
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integral proteins
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proteins that are embedded in the lipid bilayer
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where is cytoplasim found?
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between the cell membrane and the nucleus
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prokaryotes
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-no nucleus
-circular DNA -no membrane-covered organelles -relativly small -reproduce quickly |
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eukaryotes
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-nucleus
-linear DNA -many membrane-covered organells -relativly large -reproduce slow |
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the structure of a cell is determined by...
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the specific functions carried out by the cell
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|
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what are the 3 main components of a eukaryotic cell?
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-cell membrane
-nucleus -other organelles |
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what passes through a cell membrane?
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nutrients and wastes
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selectively permeable
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some substances easily pass through the membane, while others cannot pass through at all
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what are all cell membanes made of?
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lipids and proteins
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what is the major type of lipids in the cell membane?
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phospholipids
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what are the parts of a phospholipid molecule?
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a polar (hydophilic) "head" and two nonpolar (hydrophobic) "tails"
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where in membranes do the steriod molecules (another type of lipid) go?
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between the tails of the phospholipids
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what is the major membrane steriod found in animals?
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cholesterol
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where on cell membranes are the peripheral proteins located?
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the surfaces (inside ans=d out)
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what links pheripheral proteins to cell membranes?
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cell membrane lipids or other proteins that are embedded in the lipid bilayer
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integral proteins
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proteins that are embedded in the lipid bilayer
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where is cytoplasim found?
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between the cell membrane and the nucleus
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cytosol
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is the fluid (gelatin-like) in which organelles are bathed
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aqueous
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the enviornment (fluid) found in and around the cell
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what does cytosol dissolve?
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salts, minerals and organic molecules
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mitochondria
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transfers energy from organic compounds to ATP
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ribosome
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orginizes the synthesis of proteins
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endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
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prepares protiens for export (rough ER); sythesizes steroids, regulates calcium levels, breaks down toxic substances (smooth ER)
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golgi apparatus
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processes and packages substances produced by the cell
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Lysosome
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digests molecules, old orgenelles, and foreign substances
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Microfilaments and microtubules
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contribute to the support, movement, and division of cells
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cilia and flagella
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propelles cells through the enviornment; move materials over the cell surface
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nucleus
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stores hereditary information in DNA; synthesizes RNA and ribosomes
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what are only found in plant, and some eukaryotic cells, and not in amimal cells?
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cell wall, vacuole and plastids
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cell wall
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supports and protects the cell
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vacuole
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stores enzymes and waste products
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plastids
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stores food or pigments; one type (cloroplast) transfers energy from light to organic componds
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