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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the process used to move food down the body
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Peristalsis
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What are the three uses of the HCl in our stomach?
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Kills bacteria
Makes the protease work stops salivary amylase from working |
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What are the factors of an Enzyme?
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Made of proteins
chemicals do not eat are not living biological catalysts |
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What is the equation for aerobic respiration?
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Oxygen+glucose=energy+CO2+H2O
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what is the equation for anaerobic respiration?
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Glucose=H2O+Lactic Acid
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Why is the tongue important?
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rolls food into bolus
assist in the beginning of peristalsis |
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What two products are excreted by the stomach?
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Mucus to stop the stomach from self digestion
Gastric juices, a mixture of HCl and enzymes to break down the food |
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What is the function of a Villi
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to absorb digested food into the bloodstream, capillaries absorb glucose and amino acids, lacteals absorb fat
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What features of a villi makes it suited for its job?
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Large surface area as the villi increase the surface area of the small intestine and this is further improved by the micro villi on the ends of the villi
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What are the two parts of the large intestine?
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Colon
rectum |
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What is the purpose of the colon?
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to absorb water and minerals from undigested food
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What is the purpose of the rectum?
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to store the faeces until the anal sphincter releases it out through the anus
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Why is fibre important?
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fibre is important as it maintains movement for peristalsis of the digestive tract. when a diet is low in fibre constipation can occur.
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What is meiosis?
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Gamete cell division
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what is mitosis?
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cell division for growth or repair
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What are the amino acid pair combination's available?
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AT (adenine) (thymine)
CG (cytosine) (guanine) TA GC |
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Explain the process of replication
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replication of dna is when part of the molecule unwinds and the complementary base pairs in that part seperate. the bases of each strand then acts as a template and a new complementary strand is formed against each of the original strands. the ends of the nucleotides join to form the sides of the ladder shape and the DNA twists into a double helix
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What is genetic mutation?
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A genetic mutation is when there is a different copy of DNA from the original, this can be caused randomly or from exposure to radiation
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what part of the cell holds the genetic code?
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Nucleus
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What are environmental factors?
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synthetic factors that occur without genetic lineage
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What are genetic factors?
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Factors that are coded into the organism's DNA and due to genetic lineage
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction?
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Pros:
faster more efficient breeding all offspring are exactly the same does not require a mate energy not wasted in creating gametes Cons: all offspring have the exact same genetic weaknesses No variation of offspring |
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of sexual reproduction?
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Pros:
genetic variation in offspring Cons: requires mate energy loss due to gamete production |
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What is genetic engineering?
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synthetic alterations of an organisms DNA to improve the efficiency of the organism
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Why is a mule unable to reproduce?
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It has 23 chromosomes and therefore is unable to split the chromosomes into two during the reproduction phase
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