Science

Front 1

Current

Back 1

The rate at which charge passes a given point. The higher the current is, the more charge passes the point each second.

Front 2

Unit of Current

Back 2

the Ampere (A) - amp
Symbol - l

Front 3

Direct current

Back 3

DC- a c urrent where the charges always flow in the same direction
Example: Batteries

Front 4

Alternating current

Back 4

AC- a current where the charges continually switch from flowing in the reverse direction
Example: current from outlets in your home

Front 5

Voltage

Back 5

The difference in energy per unit charge as a charge moves between two points in the path of a current.
Potential difference

Front 6

Unit of Voltage

Back 6

Volts (V)
Symbol - V

Front 7

Electric Circuit

Back 7

a complete, closed path through which electric charges flow

Front 8

Load

Back 8

a device that uses electrical energy

Front 9

Switch

Back 9

a device used to open and close a circuit

Front 10

Types of Circuits

Back 10

Series and Parallel

Front 11

Series circuit

Back 11

a circuit in which all parts are connected in a single loop.

Front 12

Series Circuit (3 facts)

Back 12

a. The charges must flow through each part and can only follow one path
b. All the loads share the same current
c. If one load is broken or missing, the other loads will not work.

Front 13

Parallel circuit

Back 13

a circuit in which different loads are located on separate branches

Front 14

Parallel circuit (2 facts)

Back 14

a. THe loads in parallel circuit do not have th same current in them.
b. If one of the loads is broken or missing, it does not affect the other loads

Front 15

Ohm's Law

Back 15

The relationship between current, voltage and resistance

Front 16

Ohm's Law

Back 16

Current (A) = _Voltage (V) / Resistance

Front 17

Electric Power

Back 17

The rate at which electrical energy is used to do work. Unit of power - watt (W)
Symbol - P

Front 18

Relationship of Voltage/energy/current

Back 18

The higher the voltage is, the more energy is released per charge. The current depends on the voltage. The greater the voltage is, the greater the current.

Front 19

Resistance

Back 19

The opposition to the flow of electric charge
Unit of resistance - Ohms
Symbol - R

Front 20

Resistance vs. current

Back 20

Resistance is like electrical friction- the higher the resistance of a material, the lower the current.

Front 21

Facts of Resistance (4)

Back 21

a. An object's resistance depends on the object's material, thickness, length and temperature.
b. The resistance of insulators is so high that electric charges cannot flow in them.
c. Thick and short wires have less resistance
d. The resistance of metals increases as temperature increases.

Front 22

Electrical Energy

Back 22

the energy associated with moving charges

Front 23

Electric current

Back 23

a continuous flow of charge

Front 24

Energy

Back 24

ability to do work

Front 25

Law of Conservatin of Energy

Back 25

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can be converted from one form to another

Front 26

Cell

Back 26

device that produces an electric current by converting chemical energy into electrical energy

Front 27

Batter

Back 27

is made of several cells and also converts chemical energy to electrical energy

Front 28

Electrolyte

Back 28

a mixture of chemicals that conducs a current in a cell

Front 29

Electrodes

Back 29

the part of a cell through which chrages enter or exit - mad eof two different conducting materials that are in contact with the electrolyte.

Front 30

Friction

Back 30

Rubbing an object may cause electrons to move between the two objects being rubbed.

Front 31

Conduction

Back 31

Electrons are transferred by direct contact.

Front 32

Induction

Back 32

Charges in an uncharged object are rearranged without direct contact with a charged object.

Front 33

Electroscope

Back 33

a device used to determine if an object has a charge

Front 34

Conductor

Back 34

a material in which charges can move easily

Front 35

Examples of Conductors

Back 35

a. Most metals are good conductors
b. Tap water is a conductor, that's why you avoid using electrical devices near water.

Front 36

Insulator

Back 36

a material in which charges cannot easily move.

Front 37

What are 3 ways an object may become charged?

Back 37

a. Friction
b. Conduction
c. Induction

Front 38

Examples of Insulators

Back 38

Plastic, rubber, glass, wood, and air are all insulators

Front 39

Static Electricity

Back 39

the buildup of electric charges in an object

Front 40

Electric Discharge

Back 40

the loss of static electricity as charges move off an object

Front 41

Examples of Electric Discharge

Back 41

a. When you walk on carpet with rubber soled shoes, negative charges build up in your body. WHen you touch a nmetal doorknob, the negative charges in your body move quicklyto the doorknob. Gecause the electric discharge happens quickly, you feel a shock.
b. LIghtning is a dramatic example of electric dischrage