Science

Front 1

What is Ecology?

Back 1

Ecology is the study of relationships between organisms and the living and non living factors in their environment

Front 2

List the ecological organization from most general to most speciic

Back 2

Biosphere
Ecosystem
Community
Population
Individual

Front 3

What is population?

Back 3

Group of organisms of the same species that live in one area during a specific time

Front 4

What is community?

Back 4

The combination of all popualations living in an area and interacting with each other

Front 5

What is the Ecosystem?

Back 5

The living community and its environment

Front 6

List the parts of the Ecosystem, and describe about it

Back 6

Abiotic Factors- non living components

Biotic Factors- all of the living organisms in an ecosystem

Front 7

What is the biosphere?

Back 7

The portion of earth where life exists

Front 8

List what an ecosystem needs to survive

Back 8

- It need to have a relative constant source of energy

- And the organic and inorganic nutrients need to be recycled

Front 9

What are autotrophs and list its qualities?

Back 9

1. Autotrophs are organisms which create their own food from inorganic molecules

2. For example, Plants

Front 10

What are heterotrophs and list its qualities?

Back 10

- Organisms which cannot create their own food

- Depend on other organisms for food

Front 11

List one type of heterotrophs and list qualities and examples

Back 11

Decomposers
- Organisms that act as decomposers by absorbing nutrients from dead organic matter
- Most common example is mushrooms, fungi

Front 12

List one type of heterotroph and list qualities and examples

Back 12

Herbivores
- Plant eaters

- Example rabbits, deer

Front 13

List one<C> type of heterotrophs and list qualities and examples

Back 13

Carnivores

- Eats other animals

Front 14

List carnivores and their qualities

Back 14

Predators

- hunt and kill other animals for food

Scavenger

- search out dead or already dying organisms for food

Front 15

Omnivores

Back 15

Eats both plants and animals

EX. most humans

Front 16

What is a food chain?

Back 16

A food chain is a transfer of energy from green plants(autotrophs) through a series of organisms with repeated stages of eating and being eaten

Front 17

List the base of all food chains and list qualities

Back 17

Producers(Autotrophs)

- Organisms which produce their own food
- First or base trophic level
- EX. Plants

Front 18

List the second level in a food chain

Back 18

Primary consumers(Heterotrophs)

- Organisms which consume producers
- Second level
- EX. mouse

Front 19

List the third level in food chain

Back 19

Secondary consumers
- Also heterotrophs
- Organisms which consume primary consumers
- Third trophic level
-EX. foxes

Front 20

The final level in food chain

Back 20

Decomposers

- Break down dead producers and consumers
- EX. Mushroom

Front 21

What is a food web?

Back 21

- A food web has many interconnected food chains
- Non-linear

Front 22

What do ecological pyramids represent?

Back 22

Illustrate the relationship between producers and consumers by indicating decrease in #'s or biomass, or energy at each trophic level

Front 23

List the ecological pyramids

Back 23

- Pyramid of energy
- Pyramid of biomass
- Pyramid of numbers

Front 24

What is the 10% rule?

Back 24

10% energy rule means that when you move up a trophic level, 90% of the energy is lost as heat energy, and only 10% of the energy is used for the life process of the organism, or for further use

Front 25

What are the symbiont and host?

Back 25

- Symbiont refers to the SMALLER participant in a symbiotic relationship

- Host is the LARGER participant in the relationship

Front 26

List the three types of symbiotic relationships

Back 26

- Commensalism
- Mutualism
- Parastitism

Front 27

What is commensalism?

Back 27

It's a symbiotic relationship where the host is neither harmed nor helped, but the symbiont benefits

Front 28

What is mutualism?

Back 28

- It's a symbiotic relationship where both symbiont and host benefit

- EX. birds on rhino

Front 29

What is parasitism?

Back 29

- It's a symbiotic relationship where both symbiont benefits whereas the host is harmed

- EX. Fleas on a dog

Front 30

What are biomes?

Back 30

1. Refers to most common climax ecosystem that will form in geographic regions of similar climatic conditions

Front 31

What is our biome?

Back 31

It's the temperate deciduous foresets

Front 32

What is one type of biome?

Back 32

Terrestrial(Land)

- Land biomes are characterized by climax vegetation in the region
- Major plant and animal zones are determined by major climatic zones

Front 33

What do climates vary too?

Back 33

- Precipitation
- Light
- Altitude
- Latitude
- Temperature

Front 34

What is another type of biome? <W>

Back 34

Aquatic(Water)
- Represent largest ecosystem
- More stable than land biomes
- Factors affecting the kinds and #'s of organisms
- Dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide
- Temperature
- Light

Front 35

What is succesion? And what are the types?

Back 35

- Succesion is the process of gradual change over time

- The types are primary and secondary

Front 36

What is primary succesion?

Back 36

- Begins on a virtually lifeless soil
- Soil is not yet filled with nutrients for self sustaining ecosystem
- EX. volcanic island

Front 37

What are the pioneer species(qualities) in primary succesion?

Back 37

- Must be very simple
- Live off few nutrients
- Modify the environment so more complex organisms may live
- Add nutrients
- Modify soils

Front 38

What is secondary succesion?

Back 38

- Occurs where an existing community has been cleared by some disturbances
- Soil is left intact
-EX. forest fire, flood

Front 39

What are the pioneer species(qualities) in secondary succesion?

Back 39

- More complex than in primary succesion
- More complex organisms settle quickly
-EX. Grasses and weeds

Front 40

What is Climax community?

Back 40

- The end result of succesion
- Each biome is a different climax community

Front 41

What is a habitat?

Back 41

A place where a particular organism lives within an environment

Front 42

What is niche?

Back 42

Niche is the particular combination of resources that an organism is able to exploit

Front 43

What are the three elements in a carbon cycle?

Back 43

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Front 44

What important steps are invoved in a carbon cycle?

Back 44

Cell respiration and carbon fixation, respiration and photosynthesis

Front 45

What is involved in the nitrogen cycle?

Back 45

Nitrates