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91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the goal of science
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To understand the world around us
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Theory
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The most logical explanation for events that occur in nature
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Law
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When the theory is passed and has being accepted
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Geology
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The study of rocks and minerals
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Meteorology
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The study of the atmosphere
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Oceanography
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The study of Earth's oceans
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Astronomy
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The study of characteristics of objects in space
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Astro
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Of a star
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Geo
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Earth
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Meteor
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Things in the atmosphere/air
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Logy
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Science of
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Graphy
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Description of
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Nomy
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Systemized knowledge of
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Kilo
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1000
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Centi
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.01
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Milli
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.001
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Steps to the Scientific Method
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1. Purpose/Problem
2.Research 3.Hypothesis 4.Experiment 5.Analysis 6.Conclusion 7.Re-Experiment 8.Error Analysis |
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Fair test
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To only test one variable at a time
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Variable
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The condition being tested
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Control
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An experiment run uder ideal conditions, no variable being tested
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Metric System
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The scientific system of measurement
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Meter
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The basic unit of length
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Volume
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The amount of space that an object takes up
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Gram
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The basic unit of mass
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Newton
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The basic unit of weight
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Density
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Mass per unit volume
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Temperature
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Measured in degrees Celsius
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Dimensional Analysis
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Converting one unit to another
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Optical telescope
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Collects and focuses visible light from distant objects
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Refreacting Telescope
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Under the catagory of Optical Telescopes. It is a series of lenses which are used to focus light
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Reflecting Telescope
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Under the catagory of Optical Telescopes. It is a series of mirrors which collects light
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Electromagnetic Spectrum
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Consists of Visible and Invisible light
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Visible Light
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Collected by optical telescopes. Consists of ROYGBIV
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Invisible Light
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Consists of x rays, ultraviolet rays, infrared rays, and radio waves
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Radio Telescope
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Collects radio waves from space.
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Infrared Telescope
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Detects heat energy which is given off by all objects. This telescope is used in orbit because infrared rays from distant objects are not able to pass through our atmosphere
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Ultra Violet Telescope
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Detects UV rays. It must be used outside of our atmosphere because the atmosphere blocks uv rays
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X ray telescope
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Detects X rays out of our atmosphere
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Hubble Telescope
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Made of different types of telescopes
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P waves
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Primary waves. These can travel through solids liquids and gases
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S waves
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Secondary waves. These can pass through solids
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Seismograph
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An instrument that detects and records seismic waves
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Inner Core
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Begins at a depth of 5150 km and has a diameter of 2600 km. The temperature is 5000 degrees celsius
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Outer Core
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Surrounds the inner core. Begins at a depth of 2900 km and is 2250 km thick. It is a liquid. The temperatures range from 2200 C to 5000 C
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Mantle
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The layer above the outer core. Extends to a depth of 2900 km. It consists of iron, siliccon, oxygen and magnesium
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Plasticity
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The ability for a solid to flow
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Moho
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An imaginary line that exists at a dpeth of 32-64 km below the surface. It separates the crust from the mantle
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Igneus rock
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From solidified lava
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Sedimentary rock
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Formed by sand rock and other materials which are cemented together
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Metamorphic rock
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Formed by igneus and sedimentary rocks which are changed from heat pressure of chemical reactions
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Lithosphere
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The solid topmost part of the earth, crust.
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Asthenosphere
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Directley below the lithosphere. The uppermost layer of the mantle.
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Traditional Model
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One of the three modelss which are competing for acceptance. It has a liquid outer core and a solid inner core, both made of iron and nickel
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Core within core model
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Inner most inner core. Has a solid innermost core of crystalized iron which exists within the solid inner cre
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Nuclear earth model
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Liquid outercore. The inner core consists of a nuclear core of crystalized nickel silicide.
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Stress
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Forces that push and pull on the earths crust
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Compression
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Squeezes the rocks of the crust together.
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Tension
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Pulls rocks, stretching them over a large area
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Shearing
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Forces the rocks in 2 opposite directions
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Joints
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Occur when a rock fractures along flat surfaces
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Fracture
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When a rock cracks or breaks
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Faults
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A break or crack on which rocks move
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Normal Fault
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Tension has caused the hanging wall to move down in relation to the foot wall
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Reverse fault
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Compression has caused the hanging wall to move up in relation to the foot wall
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Thrust Fault
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A type of reverse fault. Compression has caused the hanging wall to slide over the foot wall
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Haning wall
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The block of rock above a fault
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Foot wall
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The block of rock below a fault
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Lateral fault
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Caused by shearing. Rocks slide to the left and right on this fault
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Fault block mountains
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Created from normal faults
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Rift Valleys
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Formed when land between 2 normal faults slides down
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Fold
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Wen stress cased a rock to bend
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Anticline
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An upward fold in a rock
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Syncline
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A downard fold in a rock
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Plateau
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A large area of flat land that is raised high above sea level
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What is an earthquake
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The shaking or trembling that results in sudden movement of part of the earths crust
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Focus
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The underground point of origin of an earthquake
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Epicenter
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The point directly above the focus on the earths surface
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surface waves
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L waves. The slowest moving seismic waves. They originate on the surface of the epicenter.
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Richter scale
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Created by Charles Richter and Beno Gutenburg. Was a scale used to determine the earthquake's strength
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Body waves
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Consist of P and S waves
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Love waves
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Q waves. They travel horizontally
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Rayleigh waves
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R waves. They travel both horizontally and vertically
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Spreading zone
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Where new crust in pushing 2 plates in opposite directions
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Subduction Zone
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One plate overrides another forcing it down into the mantle where it melts.
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Transform faults
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plates slide past one another forcing them down into the mantle where they melt.
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Magnitude
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How strong an earthquake is
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USGS
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United States Geological Survey
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Tectonic Earthquake
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Caused by movement in the crust
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Volcanic Earthquake
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Caused by volcanic activity
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Collapse Earthquake
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Caused when a mine or cavern collapses
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Explosion Earthquake
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Caused by the detonation of nuclear/chemical weapons
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