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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
highest point of a wave
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crest
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lowest point of a wave
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trough
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any combination of two or more waves that exist in the same place at the same time
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interference
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interference in which the waves combine so that the resulting wave is larger
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constructive interference
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matter through which a wave travels
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medium
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wave that causes particles of the medium to move parallel to the direction the wave travels
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longitudinal wave
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interference in which the waves combine so that the resulting wave is smaller
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destructive interference
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bending of a wave as it passes an edge or an opening
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diffraction
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any mixture of immiscible liquids in which the liquids are spread throughout on another
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emulsion
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a mixture that looks uniform when stirred or shaken that seperates into different layers when it is no longer agitated
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suspension
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a mixture of very tiny particles of pure substances that are dispersed in another substance but do not settle out of the substance
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colloid
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a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances uniformly spread throughout a single phase
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solution
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a solution that is able to dissolve more solute
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unsaturated solution
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a solution that cannot dissolve any more solute at the given conditions
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saturated solution
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a solution holding more dissolved solute than is specified by its solubility at a given temperature
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supersaturated solution
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a measure of the hydronium ion concentration in a solution
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pH
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a weak base that neutralizes excess stomach acid
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antacid
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a basic solution that can either be used as a disinfectant or to remove colors or stains
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bleach
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a substance that kills harmful bacteria
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disinfectant
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a nonsoap water-soluble cleaner that can emulsify dirt and oil
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detergent
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a cleaner that dissolves in both water and oil
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soap
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a substance that donates hydrogen ions, to form hydronium ions, when dissolved in water
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acid
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a substance that either contains hydroxide ions, or reacts with water to form hydroxide ions
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base
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The protein in hair?
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caraton
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What process is responsible for apples turning brown?
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oxidation
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Process in which nucleus splits into two or more fragments
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fission
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a radioactive material added to a substance so that the substance's location can be detected later
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tracer
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charged particles or energy emitted by an unstable nucleus
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radiation
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bending of waves as they pass from one medium to another
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refraction
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the time required for a wave to pass a certain point
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period
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greatest distance that particles in a medium move from their normal position when a wave passes
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amplitude
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time required for half a sample of radioactive nuclei to decay
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half-life
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nuclear radiation that arises naturally from cosmic rays and from radioactive isotopes in the soil and water
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background radiation
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process by which an unstable nucleus emits particles or energy
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radioactivity
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Series of fission processes in which the neutrons emitted by a dividing nucleus cause the division of the other nuclei
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chain reaction
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electron emitted during radioactive decay
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beta
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Interaction that binds protons and neutrons together in nucleus
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strong force
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minimum mass of a fissionable isotope in which a nuclear chain reaction can occur
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critical mass
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High-energy electromagnetic radiation emitted during decay
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gamma
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positively charged particle, 2 protons + 2 neutrons
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alpha
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release of a high-energy neutron during radioactive decay
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neutron emittion
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the maximum velocity reached by a falling object that occurs when the resistance of the medium is equal to the force due to gravity
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terminal velocity
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the motion of a body when only the force of gravity is acting on it
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free fall
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the tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity
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inertia
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the force of attraction between two particles of matter due to their mass
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gravity
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the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
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friction
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forces acting on an object that combine to produce a net force equal to zero
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balanced forces
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forces acting on an object that combine to produce a net nonzero force
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unbalanced forces
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the cause of acceleration, or change in an objects velocity
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force
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change in velocity divided by the time interval in which the change occurred
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acceleration
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a quantity defined as the product of an object's mass and its velocity
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momentum
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distance traveled divided by the time interval during which the motion occured
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speed
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quantity describing both speed and direction
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velocity
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measures effects of a force over a distance
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work
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sum of kinetic and potential energy
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mechanical
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energy of motion
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kinetic
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stored energy
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potential
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measures rate at which work is done
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power
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made of more than one simple machine
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compound
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measures ratio of useful work to input work
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efficiency
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one of six basic types of machines
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simple
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measures how much machine multiples force or distance
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mechanical advantage
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bouncing of a wave
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reflection
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observed or apparent change in the frequency of a wave when the source or observer is moving
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Doppler Effect
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the number of vibrations per second
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frequency
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wave that causes particles of the medium to move perpendicular to the direction the wave travels
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transverse waves
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