• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/46

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

46 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is the inner core composed of?
iron and nickel or Fe and Ni
What state of matter is the inner core?
solid
What is the outer core composed of?
iron and nickel (Fe and Ni)
What state of matter is the outer core?
liquid
What is the mantle composed of?
Iron, Silicon, and Magnesium (Fe, Si, and Mg)
What state of matter is the mantle?
semi solid/mixed
What state of matter is the crust?
solid
What is the continental crust composed of?
felsic rocks (Granite)
Which is more dense: continental crust or oceanic?
Oceanic
Which is thicker: continental crust or oceanic, and WHY?
continental, because of mountain ranges
Where is the oceanic crust located?
at the bottom of the ocean
What is the oceanic crust composed of?
Mafic rocks (basalt)
How deep is the top layer of the lithosphere?
100 km
Which is more rigid and brittle: lithosphere or athenosphere?
lithosphere
What does the lithosphere include?
crust and part of the mantle
What floats on top of the asthenosphere?
lithosphere
What is the lithosphere broken into?
plates called tectonic plates
How deep is the asthenosphere?
100km-700km
What theory did Alfred Wegener come up with in 1912?
continental drift
Summarize Wegener's theory.
Continents were once connected as one large land mass (Pangaea) and they slowly drifted to their current positions.
What evidence did Wegener have to support his theory?
1. Edges of the continents fit like puzzle pieces
2. Fossils- Mesasaurus (a freshwater/land animal) found in both South America and Africa
3. Rock types line up- mountain ranges and mineral belts and similar rocks found in New Jersey and Scottish Highlands
4. Paleoclimate
-evidence of ice sheets were found covering parts of South America, Africa, India, and Australia
-Coral reefs found in Northern Canada
-coal formation in North America (Pennsylvania)
What was the problem with Wegener's theory?
scientists did not accept his theory because he was missing key evidence: how did the continents move?
What was Henry Hess' theory?
Sea floor spreading- explained all the problems with Wegener's theory. During WWII and the discovery of the sonar, they mapped the ocean floor and found mountain ranges in the middle of the ocean. They also found trenches along the coastlines of the continents. The ocean floor was 200 million years old but the continents were 3.8 billion years old.
This led to the Theory of Plate Tectonics.
How many major tectonic plates is the world divided into?
12
What is it called when 2 plates meet?
boundary
What are divergent plates?
when 2 plates are moving apart
What is sea floor spreading?
When plates diverge in the ocean
What is rifting?
When plates diverge on a continent
Is the mid atlantic ridge an example of sea floor spreading or rifting?
Sea floor spreading
Is the East African Rift Zone and Iceland an example of sea floor spreading or rifting?
Rifting
What are convergent plates?
When two plates are moving together and colliding.
What is continent-continent convergence?
when two continental plates collide causing folded mountains
What type of convergent boundary are the Himalayas?
continent-continent
What type of convergent boundary are the Appalachians?
continent-continent
What is an oceanic-oceanic convergent boundary?
when two ocean plates collide; one plate sinks creating a subduction zone, an ISLAND ARC.
What plate boundary is Japan?
Ocean-ocean convergent
What plate boundary is Indonesia?
convergent ocean ocean
What plate boundary are the Aleutian Islands?
convergent ocean ocean
What is an oceanic continental convergent boundary?
when oceanic crust collides with continental crust. Oceanic crust is denser than continental crust, so it sinks, creating a subduction zone and VOLCANIC MOUNTAINS.
What plate boundary are the Andes Mountains?
convergent ocean continent
What plate boundary are the Cascade Mountains (Mount St Helen and Mount Rainier)?`
Convergent ocean-continent
What are transform plate boundaries?
When two plates slide past one another. Causes large and frequent EARTHQUAKES.
What plate boundary is California (San Andreas Fault line)?
Transform
What are hot spots?
They occur in the middle of a plate and are thought to be caused by a "hot spot" in the mantle. Volcanic acvitiy in the middle of a plate indicates a hot spot.
What are 3 examples of "hot spots"?`
Yellowstone, Hawaii, and Iceland
What is the Pacific Ring of Fire?
The Pacific Plate is surrounded by most of the Volcanoes in the world. This is why it's called the ring of fire