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82 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Which is more likely to burn: Products of the Mineral world or products of the plant & animal world?
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Plant and Animal are more likely to burn!
i.e. Wood, Fat, Oil...etc |
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What are some examples of products of the mineral world?
Are they flammable? |
Rocks, Sand, Water
No, not flammable. |
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Is carbon flammable?
Carbon is mostly found in (a) living things (b) non-living things |
Yes very flammable.
Living Things |
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Who was Jakob Berzelios?
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Swedish Chemist
in 1807 he introduced our: -System of chemical symbols and formulas |
- suggested the classification of substances as ORGANIC (if they were living) and INORGANIC (if they were non living)
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Define: Organic Chemistry
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the study of compounds containing carbon, whether or not the compounds were formed by living things.
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More chemical compounds are formed with _______ than with all other elements combined?
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Carbon
How many compounds have been estimated? |
5 Million, list is still growing
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How many covalent bonds does carbon form?
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4
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What kind of shapes can cabon bond to form?
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Chains
rings three dimensional shapes or any combination of these |
the molecules may also have several branches
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Carbon atoms may for how many bonds?
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Single, Double, or triple.
No other substances exhibits as much variety in bonding as does carbon. |
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- C - C - C = C -C=C- | | / \ |
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Can carbon may form single and/or double bonds with the atoms of other elements?
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Yes.
Which elements? |
Including:
Hydrogen Oxygen nitrogen sulfur fluorine chlorine |
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Can carbon form compounds that contain different structural arrangements and combination with the same molecular formula?
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Yes.
Same molecular formula. Different shape. Totally possible What is it called? |
ISOMERS
IS OM ER S |
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What the heck is a hydrocarbon?
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Compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon.
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Fuels lubricants medications clothing
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What are Alkanes?
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Hydrocarbons having only SINGLE bonds between carbon atoms.
End with what? |
-ANE
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What are Alkenes?
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Hydrocarbons containing one ore more DOUBLE bonds between carbon atoms.
End with What? |
-ENE
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What are Alkynes?
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Hydrocarbons containing one ore more TRIPLE bonds between carbon atoms.
End with what? |
-YNE
(ARTIFICIALLY PRODUCED) |
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What is a cyclic?
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Ring shaped structure.
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Carbon can form cyclic shapes.
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What are aromatic compounds.
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Hydrocarbon compounds with pleasant smelling aromas.
Shape? |
Ring Shaped.
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What are substitued hydrocarbons?
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Hydrocarbons that have one or more hydrogen atoms REPLACED by different atoms of groups of atoms.
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Different properties
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What is a functional group?
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A group of atoms capable of replacing a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon.
Examples? |
Haloalkanes
alcohols carboxylic acids esters |
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What are haloalkanes.
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Alkanes with one ore more hydrogen atoms replaced by atoms of halogen.
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Wich organic compound has:
- one or more hydrogen atoms replaced by an -OH group? |
lcohol
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What kind of organic compound contains the functional group -COOH?
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Carboxyilc acids.
sometimes just orgainc acids |
pungent odors
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What functional group is -COO-?
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Esters
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Unlike the alcohol and carboxylic functional groups, the ester group is found in the middle of the molecule.
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What is soap?
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An organic compound.
a molecule is a long narrow molecule with a polar end and a nonpolar end can be used to dissolve ____ Substances. |
nonpolar.
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What is a detergent?
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organic compound similar to soaps but capable of cleansing even in hard water.
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plastics and related materials are made by linking together hundreds or even thousands of small organic molecules into much larger molecules called what?
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Polymers
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What is a huge organic molecule compsed of many smaller molecules?
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Polymers
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What are Polymers made out of?
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Monomers
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What chemical process produces monomers?
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Polymerization.
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What is Biochemistry?
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The study of the chemistry of life.
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What are the four primary types of organic compounds found in living cells?
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Carbohydrates,
lipids proteins nucleic acids |
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what are the most important energy producing compounds in a cell?
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Carbohydrates
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Wonderbread
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What do we call relatively simple carbohydrates containing up to a dozen carbon atoms?
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Sugar
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What common six-carbon sugar is important to both animals and plants?
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Glucose
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____ Fructose
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What two simple sugars are the primary ingredients of honey?
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Glucose and Fructose
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La G&F
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What is the name of the process by which green plants produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water, using the energy of the sun?
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Photosynthesis
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6 CO2 + 6 H2O ->light-> C6H12O6 + 6 O2
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What is the term for a molecule composed of two simple sugars linked together?
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disaccharide
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what is the chemical name of table sugar?
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sucrose
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What is the general term for a natural sugar polymer made of hundreds or even thousands of simple sugars?
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polysaccharide
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what type of polysaccharides are used for food storage in plants?
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Starches
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What polysaccharide is used for food storage in animals and people?
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glycogen
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What polysaccaride, also known as dietary fiver, forms the walls of plant cells and gives plants and trees their rigid structure?
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Cellulose
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What are lipids?
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A group of organic molecules that includes fats and oils, used to store energy in cells, build cell parts, and transfer chemical messages between cells.
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Not a polymer
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What is the most basic type of lipid molecule?
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the fatty acid
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Usually combined into larger molecules called fats.
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What is fat?
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A fat consists of three fatty acid "rods" with their "handles" attached to a single molecule of glycerol, an alcohol.
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What is an oil?
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A fat that is liquid at room temperature.
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What are the two classifications of fats?
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Saturated or Unsaturated.
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What is saturated fat.
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A type of fat containing no double bonds, with as many hydrogen atoms as possible; usually solid at room temperature; less healthy for humans than unsaturated fats.
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What is unsaturated fat?
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A type of fat containing one or more double bonds, having fewer hydrogen atoms than a saturated fat; usually liquid at room temperature.
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What is monousatureated fat?
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If only one pair of hydrogen atoms is lacking in the fat molecule.
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What is polyunsaturated fat?
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If two or more hydrogen atom pairs are lacking in the fat molecule.
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Also contain a fatty acid called linoleic acid.
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What is linoleic acid?
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found in a polyunsaturated fat.
an essential nutrient. |
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What is cholesterol?
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Lipid
makes bile, viamin D, cell membranes and hormones |
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What are lipopoteins?
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globules of cholesterol encased in a membrane made of lipids and proteins.
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Transports cholesterol through the bloodstream
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What does LDL stand for?
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Low density lipoprotien
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a disease of the heart and arteries
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What does HDL stand for?
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High density lipoprotein
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reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
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What are proteins?
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complex organic molecules used to build and maintain living cells.
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What are proteins composed of?
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carbon
hydrogen oxygen nirtrogen sometimes other elements |
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Which complex organic molecule is a major component in many of the structures of the cell? ( special ones direclty control the chemical activities in the cell)
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Protiens
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What are the "building blocks of Proteins"?
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Amino Acids
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Which nutrient is said to be the buildinng blocks of your body?
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Proteins
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How many different types of amino acids are there?
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20
twenty |
May be combined in various ways to produce different kinds of protein.
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Why are some amino acids known as ESSENTIAL amino acids?
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They are an essential part of our diet because our bodies cannot synthesize them; they must be obtained directly from food.
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What links amino acids together into proteins?
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Peptide bonds
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can be compared to the couplings that link box-cars in a freight train.
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Which type of proteins consists of long, fairly straight chains of amino acids and are used to make hair and fingernails?
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Fibrous proteins
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Which category of proteins have intricate three-dimensional shape?
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Globular Proteins
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What is an enzyme?
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A globular protein that initiates or regulates a chemicial reaction within a cell; a biochemical catalyst
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What broad category of chemical compounds contains the plans or "blueprints" that guide the construction of all proteins in a cell?
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nucleic acids
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Molecules of what substance are the "master program" of the cell?
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DNA
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What does DNA stand for?
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deoxyribonucleic acid
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Name three reasons why DNA is important
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It is found in every cell of living organism;
it contains the blueprint for every protein in the body and determines what proteins are produced, thus determining the form and function of every cell of an organism; it directs the construction of new cells; it directs how new cells are put together during the growth of an organism or the repair of damaged tissues; it controls heredity, ensuring that all living things reproduce after their kind. |
answers may vary, but may include:
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What do we call the nitrogen-containing molecules that compose the "rungs" of the DNA "ladder"?
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Bases (base pairs)
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What term refers to the double-spiral structure of the DNA molecule?
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Double Helix
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What is a gene?
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a segment of DNA containing the code for a specific substance, task, or characteristic.
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Molecules of what substance serve as "working coppies" of the genetic code in protein construction?
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RNA
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What do the letters RNA stand for?
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ribonucleic acid
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What phosphorus compound serves as the energy carrier of the cell?
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ATP
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The "storage batteries" of the cell.
Without it, life could not function. |
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What do the letters ATP stand for?
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adenosine triphosphate
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What do we call the process by which DNA is coped?
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replication
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What is the term for a random mistake in the DNA code?
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mutation
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What do we call the process of "burning" glucose in the "power plants" of the cell to produce energy.
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cellular respiration
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What do we call the overall process by which the body produces and uses energy from food?
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metabolism
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