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109 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a acid? |
Substance that produces hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
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What is a Atomic number? |
number of protons in a atom
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What is a Base? |
substance that produces hydroxide ions in water
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What is a compound? |
chemical combination of two or more elements in a specific ratio
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What is a electron? |
Negatively charged particle in the atom that occupies energy levels around the nucleus
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What is a element? |
pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances; substances made up of only one type of atom
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What is a Energy Level? |
an orbit followed by electrons around an atom's nucleus
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What does Endothermic mean? |
energy absorbing
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What does Exothermic mean? |
energy releasing
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What is a Group? |
vertical column of elements in the periodic table
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What is a ion? |
electracally charged atom or group of atoms
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What is a Isotope? |
atoms of the same element containg differnet numbers of neutrons
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What is the law of conservation of mass? |
total mass of the reactants in a chemical reaction equals the total mass of the products
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What is a molecule? |
group of non-mettalic atoms bound together by covalent bonds.
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What is a Neutron? |
neutral particle in the necleaus of a atom
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What is a Nucleus in chemistry? |
positvley charged center of the atom made up of protons and neutrons
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What is a period? |
horizantel line or row in the periodic table.
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What is the PH scale? |
measure of the number of hydrogen ions in a solution
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What is a proton |
positively charged paticles in the nucleus of a atom
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What is a Valence electron |
electron in the outermost energy level of a atom
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What is a reactant? |
substances that reacts in a chemical reaction to form another substance or substances
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What is a product? |
new substances produced in a chemical reaction
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What is a formation reaction? |
chemical reaction in which two elements combine to form a compound
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What is Decomposition? |
chemical reaction in which a compound breaks apart into its elements
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What is a single replacement reaction? |
chemical reaction in which a reactive element reacts with an ionic compound
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What is a double replacement reaction? |
chemical reaction between two ionic compounds in a solution that often results in the formation of at least one precipitate
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What is a combustion reaction? |
exothermic reaction that occurs when oxygen quickly reacts with a substance to form a new substance or substances
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What is Acceleration? |
change in velocity during a specific time interval
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What is energy? |
Ability to do work
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What is Force? |
push or pull applied to an object
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What is Heat? |
energy transferred from an object at a higher temperature to one at a lower temperature
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What is kinetic Energy? |
Energy of moving object
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What is potential Energy? |
Energy that is stored and held in readiness
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What is mechanical energy? |
energy due to the motion and position of an object
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What is the law of conservation of energy? |
enrgy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be changed from one form to another,and the total amount of energy never changes
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What is uniform motion? |
movement in a straight line at a constant speed
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What is velocity? |
speed and direction
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What is work? |
a measurement of the amount of energy transferred from one object to another when an object moves against an opposing force or the speed of an object increases
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What is slope? |
Slope tells you how steep a line is, or how much y increases as x increases
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What is motion? |
the changing in position of a object relative to a reference point.
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What is a scalar quantity? |
a quantitie that indicates magnitude only
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What is a vector quantity? |
a quantite that indicates magnitude and direction
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What is displacement? |
Vector quantitie that measure the change in distance and the change in direction or position of the object
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What are the different types of potential energy? |
gravitational, elastic, chemical
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What are the different types of kinetic energy? |
radiant, thermal, sound, electrical (light) mechanical (motion).
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What is adhesion? |
tendency of unlike molecules to stick together
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What is Cell theory? |
the cornerstone of biology, which states that all living things are made up of cells, the smallest units of life, and all cells are produced from pre-existing cells
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What is cellular respiration? |
breakdown of glucose molecules to release chemical energy that a cell can use
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What is cohesion? |
tenancy of molecules of the same kind to stick together
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What is a controlled variable? |
conditions that are help constant throughout an experiment
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What is a manipulated variable? |
Conditions deliberately changed in an experiment
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What is a responding variable? |
conditions that changes in response to the manipulated variable in an experiment
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What is contrast? |
the ability to see differences between structures due to differences in their capacity to absorb light
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What is resolution? |
the ability to distinguish between two structures that are close together
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What is a compound light microscope? |
is a microscope which uses a lens close to the object being viewed to collect light
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Why is it called the compound light microscope? |
its called compound because it is composed of two lens systems.
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What is a concentration gradient? |
difference within a given area between the highest and lowest concentration of a particular chemical substance
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What is a controlled experiment? |
an experiment in which each variable is controlled in turn, allowing the experimenter to determine the effect of each.
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What is a guard cell? |
are cells surrounding each stoma. They help to regulate the rate of transpiration by opening and closing the stomata.
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What is a open system? |
a system that exchanges both matter and energy with its surroundings
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What is a organ? |
group of tissues that work together to preform a sppecific function
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What is a mitochondria? |
are rod like structures where reactions occur to convert chemical energy in sugars into energy the cell can use. This process is called Cellular respiration
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What is the nickname of the mitochondria? |
the mitochondria can be known as the powerhouse of the cell
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What is the Endoplasmic reticulum? |
is a series of interconnected small tubes that branch from the nuclear envelope
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What is the rough Endoplasmic reticulum? |
has ribosomes attached to it and is associated with protein synthesis
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What is the Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum? |
is associated with fat and oil production
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What are Ribosomes? |
are dense looking granules formed of two parts. Ribosomes are the sites where amino acids are assembled into proteins in the process of protein synthesis
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What are chloroplast? |
are only found in plants. They contain chlorophyll that produces a green color; are the sites of photosynthesis
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What is the Golgi apparatus? |
is composed of flat, disc-shaped sacs involved in secretion. The Golgi receives substances from the endoplasmic reticulum and packages them for transport out of the cell
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What is cytoplasm? |
is a gel-like substance inside the cell membrane: contains the nutrients required by the cell to carry on the life process.
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What are centrioles? |
help the cell divide, only found in animal cells
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What are Lysosomes? |
are membrane bound sacs in the cell in witch digestion can go on.
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What are Vesicles and Vacuoles? |
are membrane bound structures that serve to store nutrients, products of secretion, and fats depending on the type of tissue.
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What is the Cell membrane? |
is a protective barrier for the cell: allows the transport of needed materials into the cell and waste materials out.
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What is the nucleus? |
is the organelle that contains DNA, the genetic material of the cell, and directs all cellular activities
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What are some differences between plant and animal cells? |
Plant cells are square will animal cells are circle
Plant cells have chloroplast Animal cells have centrioles Plant cells have cell walls |
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What is Photosynthesis? |
a chemical process in which carbon dioxide from air and wind from the soil, in the presences of light energy, produced by oxygen
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What is the Phospholipid bilayer? |
double layer of outward facing phosphates and inward facing fatty acids that form a cell membrane
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What is the Plasma Membrane? |
structure that surrounds a cell and regulates the passage of materials between the cell and its environment; also called the cell membrane
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What is the particle model of matter? |
a model to explain the nature of matter, based on the particle composition , attraction, and moment
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What is spontaneous generation? |
the idea that life could emerge spontaneously from non living matter widely held into the 19th century; disproved by Louis pasture
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What is the stomata? |
pores that allow gases to pass through the epidermis of a leaf
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What is a System? |
a set of interconnected parts; a system can be classified as open, closed or isolated.
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What is tissue? |
group of similar cells that perform a specific function
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What is turgor pressure? |
pressure exerted against a cell wall by the water that has entered the cell through osmosis
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What is Passive transport? |
movement of substances along the concentration gradient; transport process that does not require ATP
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What is active transport? |
moment of molecules or ions across a membrane against a concentration gradient; requires energy from ATP
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What does selectively permeable mean? |
a natural membrane that allows certain particles to pass through it but excludes others
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What is Diffusion? |
spontaneous moment of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
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What is Osmosis? |
diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
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What is facilitated Diffusion? |
diffusion of molecules across a membrane through binding to carrier proteins
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What are carrier proteins? |
a protein present in a cell membrane that binds to a specific molecule and transports it through the membrane
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What are Channel proteins? |
a protein in the cell membrane that forms a passageway through witch specific solutes can pass by diffusion
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What is Endocytosis |
uptake of particles or molecules by formation of a vesicle from the cell membrane
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What is Exocytosis? |
release of molecules from a vesicle that fuses with the cell membrane to export the molecules from the cell
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What is the Xylem? |
the vascular tissue in plants that conducts water and dissolved nutrients upward from the root and also helps to form the woody element in the stem.
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What is the Pholoem? |
the vascular tissue that transports carbohydrates and water from the leaves to other parts of the plant
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What is the shoot system? |
the plants organ system that includes all tissues located above ground
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What is the root system? |
the plant organ system that includes all tissues located below the ground
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What is root pressure? |
upward force exerted on water in the xylem in the roots of some plants
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What is tension? |
a stress caused by the action of a pulling force
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What is Transportation pull? |
the tension or pull on water molecules in the xylem due to evaporation of water through the stomata or lenticels in a plant
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What is Dermal tissue? |
the outermost cell layer of plants; also called the epidermis
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What does Herbaceous mean? |
describe a soft stem with little or no woody tissue
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What is ground tissue? |
parts of the plant body not included in the dermal or vascular tissue systems; function in storage, photosynthesis, and support
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What is Vascular tissue? |
transport tissue formed of cells joined into tubes that carry water and nutrients through the body of the plant
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What are Seive tubes? |
a tube formed by a stack of seive tube cells to allow conduction of phloem in plants
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What are root hairs |
extension of specialized dermal cell on a plant root, witch absorbs water and minerals (root hairs help absorb more water by creating more surface
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What is Transpiration? |
Transpiration- loss of water from leaves through evaporation.
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