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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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4 humors
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blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile
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"3 stages of disease" in history
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1. imbalance
2. fever 3. excretion or death |
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Hippocrates
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"father of western medicine." thought diseases had natural causes/imbalance. observed symptoms.
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Aristotle
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compare human organs to animal ones, observed difference between nerves and tendons, believed in embryos
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Herophilus
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"Father of Anatomy." studied brains as the center of the nervous system. distiguished between cerebrum and cerebellum and between sensory and motor nerves.
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Erasistratus
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leader of alexandrian school, studied heart, delineated veins and arteries, thought that veins brought blood and arteries brought "animal spirits"(seems like hormones) and nerves brought nervous spirits to the organs, and discovered parts of the brain
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Galen
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doctor to the gladiators, said arteries carry blood instead of air, studied muscles, bones, and heart. used animals to study. He was physician to the Emperor's son and saw a connection between spinal cord, paralysis, and movement. saw diaphragm used in breathing. studied liver, kidneys, and heart but was wrong on their locations.
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Andreas Vesalius
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dissected people and drew findings. undid a lot of Galen's inaccurances, but was confused on others. Helped find circulation. Criticized bloodletting.
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Michael Servetus
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discovered blood went from the right chamber to the lungs and that the septum was impermeable
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Realdo Comlubus
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1st used the term circulation for blood and studied breathing
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William Harvey
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acknowledged and creditted Columbus and studied the heart
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"tomy"
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to cut
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"ana"
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apart
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gross anatomy
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unaided eye study of large organs
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microscopic anatomy
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study of cells(cytology) and tissue(histology)
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radiological anatomy
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electromagnetic imagin, can detect irregular blood flow
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anatomical position
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face forawrd, standing erect, hands at sides w/ palms forward
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sagittal
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cut dividing left and right, a midsagittal divides body in half from top to bottom
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transverse
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cuts horitantal to divid top and bottom, one slice=cross section
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frontal
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cuts front from back, also called a coronal section
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They what?
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they dissected living breathing people!!!!!!!!!!!
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bilateral symmetry
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right is almost perfect reflection of left
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superior
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to the top
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posterior
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to the back
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inferior
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below
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medial
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towards the mid sagittal
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anterior
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forward
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lateral
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to the sides
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proximal
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closest to point of attatchment for the limb
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distal
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further away from point of attachement
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cronial cavity
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holds brain
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spinal cavity
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holds spinal cord
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thoracic cavity
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holds heart, esophagus, longs, trachea, branchi
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abdominal cavity
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holds digestive, reproductive, and excretory
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organelle
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performs specific function within a cel
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homeostasis
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equilibrium, balance, health
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metabolism
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sum of energy reactions at a given time
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tissues
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group of similiar cells that perform specific functions
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Bologna 1063
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1/3 of the city's population were into anatomy/science. many were doctors during the crusades
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Valsalva
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eyes, ears, colon. 3 women followers
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alessandro Achillini
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studied choledochus, colon, gall bladder
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berengario da capri
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appendix, thyme, cardiac valves, fractures, cranium, and mercury as a method of treating syphilis
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Gaspare Tag
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began plastic surgery
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da Vinci
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fluids, dissected criminals, drew discoveries, wrote notes in reverse w/ left hand
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michaelangelo
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was allowed to study dead b/c gave a cross to a church. got sick b/c of his dealing w/ the dead
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albrecht durer
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drew people as through anatomy
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gabriello fallopi
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head, ear, reproduction, bones, muscles, suphillus
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bartolomeo eustochius
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kidneys, teeth, blood, stirrup, ear-mouth canal, drew muscles, heart valve
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hieronymus Frabicius
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taught Harvey, valves in viens, stomach, ear, eye and larnyx
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marcello malpighi
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Bologna, used microscope to study capularies, kidneys, and corpuscles
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william harvey
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charted blood throughoutbody then back to heart, believed in embryos as source of reproduction
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henry gray
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embryos, bones, joints, muscles, blood, lymphatic systom
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Gray's anatomy
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1858, big collection of info
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systems
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2 or more organs that perform a complex function
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interstitial fluid
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fluid between cells
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electrolytes
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ionic compounds that disociate in water
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cellular respiration
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converts energy in chemical bonds to bonds in ATP
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epithelial tissue
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skin, inner lining of cavities, cover/line the organs
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simple squamous epithelium
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single layer of flat cells
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simple cuboidal epithelium
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single layer of square cells
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simple columnar epithelium
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singl layer of taller than wide cells
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pseudostratified columnar epithelium
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seems stratisfied, but is really simple b/c is one layer
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stratisfied squamous epithelium
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base layer of cells that grow forcing others to top, flat
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stratisfied cuboidal epithelium
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base layer of cells that grow forcing others to top, square
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stratisfied columnar epithelium
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base layer of cells that grow forcing others to top, taller than wide
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transitional epithelium
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pseudostratisfied, relaxed-cuboidal, flat when stretched
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glandular epithelium
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Columnar epithelium with goblet cells
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goblet cells
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cells that open at the top to hold hair foliculars/other
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connective tissue
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protection, support, store fat, produce blood cells
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connective tissue fibers
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extracellular matrix, collagen, proteoglycan
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bone
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layers(lamelloc) of collagen matrix hardened by calcium salts and made by osteoblasts
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blood
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connective tissue
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muscle tissue
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bundle of fibers that contract, cardio, skeletal, and smooth
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nervous tissue
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neurons and nearoglia
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long bones
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longer than wide, levers, arm and leg
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shortbones
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short/cube shaped in compact areas, carpals and tarsals
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flatbones
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thin and dense, ribs, some cranial bones, and scapulae
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irregular bones
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vertebra, and most cranium bones
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sertual bones
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between some cranial joints
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sesmoid bones
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enveloped by tendons, patella
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compact tissue
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dense bone
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spongy tissue
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concellous bone
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periosteum
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fibrous membrane, helps with muscle tendon attachment
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asteons
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secrete bone matrix
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lacunae (singular=lacuna0
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holes in bones
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osteocytes
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mature bone cells
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hematepoiesis
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blood cell production
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hemotopoieti stem cells
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red bone marrow cell
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marrow
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produces exythrocytes 9red blood cells) leukocytes (white bloods cells) and platelets
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trabeculae
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pattern for layers in spongy bone
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osteogenesis
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process that transforms embryohic tissue, or cartilage, into bone
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osteoclasts
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erode cartilage to make room for permanent bone
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bone make up
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1/4 collogen fibers and glycoprotiens
3/4 CaP, CaC, CaOH |
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babies born w/ how many bones?
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270 soft boes
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adults have how many bones?
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206
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calcification
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harndening of cartiligious skeleton, especially in babies
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chondrocytes
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cartilage cells
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calcitonin
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hormone for bone growth
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autologous transplant
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from different part of patient
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allegeneic transplant
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from another person
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