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29 Cards in this Set

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Gene

The sequence of DNA that codes for proteins and thus determines a trait

DNA

Allele

One of a number of different forms of a gene

One out of a group

Artificial selection

Selection by humans for breeding of useful traits from the natural variation among different organisms

Human choice

Codominance

Situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism

Two workers work for one business man

Hybrid

Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits

A cross bread between a cat and dog

Heterozygous

Term used to refer to an organism that has two different alleles for the same trait

A lady's hair color

Homozygous

A term used to refer to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait

Parents having the same color hair

Independent assortment

Independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes

Self-serving

Genotype

Genetic makeup of an organism

What is me

Nondisjunction

Error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate

No diversity

Phenotype

Physical characteristics of an organism

Blue eyes or green eyes

Polyploidy

Condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes

Results in physical disabilities

Pedigree

Chart that shows the relationship within a family

The middle circle that forms from joining two circles

Polygenic traits

trait controlled by two or more genes

traits branch off of a gene

Probability

The likelihood that a particular event will occur

Probability of a dice landing on 4

Sex linked

A gene located on the X or Y chromosome

Hemophilia

Monohybrid

The cross between parents with different alleles for a single gene

Hybrid

Dyhibrid

Genetic cross involving two genes each with different alleles

Cat dog

True breeding

A form of reading in which parents with a particular phenotype produce offspring with the same phenotype

0+0=0

Pure

Free from contamination or mutations

Good water

Dominant

And allele or a gene expressed in the organism's phenotype that masks the recessive allele or gene

Elephant

Recessive

A gene or allele who's phenotype is masked by the dominant gene or allel

Over powered

Carrier

A heterozygous individual bearing an unexpressed defective gene

Hostess of a disease

Parent generation

Parents genotype is used for the basis of predicting their offsprings genotypes

I guess

F1 generation

Compromise of offspring resulting from a cross between strains of distinct genotypes

Being picky

F2 generation

A result of a cross between the f1 generation

Self explanatory

Ratio

Relation

2:4

Incomplete dominance

A kind of dominance occurring in heterozygotes in which the dominant allele is only partially expressed, and usually resulting in an offspring with an intermediate phenotype.

Law of segregation

regor Mendel's law stating that paired alleles separate during gamete formation. Consequently, each gamete would contain only one copy of every paired unit factors.