Schizophrenia Terms

Front 1

Echolalia

Back 1

Disorganized thinking
Repetition of another's words that is parrot-like and inappropriate

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Circumstantiality

Back 2

Disorganized thinking
Extremely detailed and lengthy discourse about a topic

Front 3

Loose associations

Back 3

Disorganized thinking
Absence of the normal connectedness of thoughts, ideas, and topics; Sudden shifts withough apparent relationship to preceding topic

Front 4

Tangentiality

Back 4

Disorganized thinking
The topic of conversation is changed to an entirely different topic that is a logical progression but causes a permanent detour from the original focus

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Flight of ideas

Back 5

Disorganized thinking
The topic of conversation changes repeatedly and rapidly, generally after just one sentence or phrase

Front 6

Word salad

Back 6

Disorganized thinking
String of words that are not connected in any way

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Neologisms

Back 7

Disorganized thinking
Words that are made up that have no common meaning and are not recognized

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Paranoia

Back 8

Disorganized thinking
Suspiciousness and guardedness that are unrealistic and ofter accompanied by grandiosity

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Referential thinking

Back 9

Disorganized thinking
Belief that neutral stimuli have special meaning to the individual
e.g.: The belief that the tv commentator is talking directly to the individual

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Autistic thinking

Back 10

Disorganized thinking
Restricts thinking to the literal and immediate so that the individual have private rules of logic and reasoning that make no sense to anyone else

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Concrete thinking

Back 11

Disorganized thinking
Lack of abstration in thinking; Inability to understand punch lines, metaphors, and analogies

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Verbigeration

Back 12

Disorganized thinking
Purposless repitition of words or phrases

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Metonymic speech

Back 13

Disorganized thinking
Use of words interchangeably with similar meanings

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Clang association

Back 14

Disorganized thinking
Repitition of words of phrases that are similar in sound but in no other way
e.g.:Right, sight, light, might

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Stilted language

Back 15

Disorganized thinking
Overly and inapprpriate artificial formal language

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Pressured speech

Back 16

Disorganized thinking
Speaking as if the words are being forced out

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Neurocognitive impairment

Back 17

Independent of positive and negative symptoms
Affects memory (short- and long-term), vigilance, verbal fluency, and executive functioning (volition, planning, purposive action, and self-monitoring behavior)

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Disorganized symptoms

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Those things that make it difficult for the schizophrenic to understand and respond to the ordinary sights and sounds of daily living
These include confused speech and thinking and disorganized behaviors

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Aggression

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Disorganized behavior
Behaviors or attitudes that reflect rage, hostility, and the potential for physical or verbal destructiveness
Usually comes about if the person believes someone is going to do him or her harm

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Agitation

Back 20

Disorganized behavior
Inability to sit still or attend to others
Accompanied by heightened emotions and tension

Front 21

Catatonic excitement

Back 21

Disorganized behavior
A hyperactivity characterized by purposeless activity and abnormal movements such as grimacing and posturing

Front 22

Echopraxia

Back 22

Disorganized behavior
Involuntary imitation of another person's movements and gestures

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Regressed behavior

Back 23

Disorganized behavior
Behaving in a manner of a less mature lige stage
Childlike and immature

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Stereotypy

Back 24

Disorganized behavior
Repetative, purposeless movements that are idiosyncratic to the individual and to some degree outside of the individual's control

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Hypervigilance

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Disorganized behavior
Systained attendtion to external stimuli as if expecting something important or frightening to happen

Front 26

Waxy flexibility

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Disorganized behavior
Posture held in odd or unusual fixed position for extended periods of time

Front 27

Illusions

Back 27

Misperception or exaggeration of stimuli that actually exist in the external environment
e.g.: Wrinkles in the bed sheets talking to the individual

Front 28

Hallucinations

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Perceptual experiences that occur without actual external sensory stimuli
Can involve any of the 5 senses
Auditory and visual are typical, with auditory being the most common

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Delusions

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Erroneous fixed, false beliefs that cannot be changed by reasonable argument
e.g.: Grandoise, nihilistic, persecutory, somatic

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Grandiose delusions

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Belief that one has exceptional powers, wealth, skill, influence, or destiny

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Nihilistic delusions

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Belief that one is dead or a calamity is impending

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Persecutory delusions

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Belief that one is being watched, ridiculed, harmed, or plotted against

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Somatic delusions

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Beliefs about abnormalities in bodily functions or structures

Front 34

Positive symptoms of Schizophrenia

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Delusions
Hallucinations

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Negative symptoms of Schizophrenia

Back 35

Difficult expressing emotion
Laugh, cry, and get angry less than often
Flat affect
Ambivalence
Inability to complete simple activities of daily living (dressing, combing hair)
Anhedonia
Cause individuals to withdraw and suffer feelings of severe isolation

Front 36

Extrapyramidal side effects

Back 36

Movement disorders caused by some antipsychotics
Related to the blockade of dopamine
Include dystonia, pseudoparkinsonism, and akathisia
Managed by restoring balance between acetylcholine and dopamine (use or anticholinergic drug or reducing dosage of antipsychotic)

Front 37

Dystonia
or
Dystonic reactions

Back 37

EPS
Develops rapidly and dramatically
More common in yound men
Characterized by tense muscles and body contortions
Patients first report thick tongue, tight jaw, or stiff neck
Oculogyric crisis, Torticollis, Retrocollis, Oropharyngeal-pharyngeal hypertonus

Front 38

Oculogyric crisis

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Dystonia
Muscles that control eye movements tense and pull the eyeball so that the patient is looking toward the ceiling
Eyes appear "rolled back" into the head

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Torticollis

Back 39

Dystonia
Neck muscles tense and pull head to one side while turning chin to the opposite side

Front 40

Retrocollis

Back 40

Dystonia
Neck muscles tense and pull head back

Front 41

Oropharyngeal-pharyngeal hypertonus

Back 41

Dystonia
Muscles of swallowing tense making it hard to swallow

Front 42

Akathisia

Back 42

EPS
Patients are restlessness, report feeling the need to keep moving, feel very uncomfortable

Front 43

Pseudoparkinsonism

Back 43

EPS
Looks just like Parkisnson's disease
Rigidity, akinesia (slowed movement), and tremor are the classic triad

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Tardive dyskinesia

Back 44

A chronic EPS
Characterized by irregular, repetative involuntary movements of the mouth, face, and tongue including chewing, tongue protrusion, lip smacking, puckering of the lips, and rapid eye blinking
Abnormal fnger movements may also occur
Onset after no less than 6 months of treatment

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Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)

Back 45

Life-threatening medical emergency
Characterized by hyperthermia and severe muscle rigidity along with mental status changes, hyper/hypotension, tachypnea/hypoxia, diaphoresis, tremor, or incontinence