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Clinical characteristics - positive

Hallucinations- seeing/hearing something = in the absence of external stimuli


Delusions -


of grandeur = someone grand, or famous, or have magical powers


of persecution = the belief that someone is plotting against them or being talked about by strangers

Hallucinations, delusions.

Negative symptoms

Apathy/avolition - lack of energy and goals


Withdrawal/asociality - having impaired social relationships


Catatonia - motionless, like a statue


Echolalia - echoing or repetitive utterances of another person or copying someone else

Apathy, Catatonia, echolalia

Disorganised symptoms

Disorganised


Speech - problems organising ideas into words/inappropriate in context


Behaviour - inability to organise and perform daily routines


Inappropriate affect - laughter/silliness out of context


Flat emotions - no emotional response: face, immobile


Speech, toneless


Eyes, lifeless

Speech, behaviour, inappropriate affects, flat emotions

Types of Sz

Paranoid


Catatonic


Residual


Undifferentiated


Disorganised

5

Mckenna

1996


Symptoms of Sz occur due to selective attention


= poor concentration


Which can be the cause for disorganised speech, behaviour etc.

Lack of concentration

Frith

Believed positive symptoms were due to having poor self monitoring.


= the inability to keep up/be aware of their own actions and intentions.

Poor self monitoring