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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what axis does schizophrenia fall under?
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axis 1
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t/f schizophrenia occurs at similar rates in all ethnic groups around the world
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true
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what is the etiology of schizophrenia?
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evidence of:
familial link genetic link environmental factors brain chemistry differences brain structure differences |
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when do men get diagnosed typically?
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adolescence or early adulthood (18-25)
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when do women typically get diagnosed?
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mid-20s, early 30s
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what is the dianosis criteria?
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Must have at least 2 of the following symptoms:
Delusions Hallucinations Disorganized speech or behavior Catatonic symptoms Negative symptoms Symptoms must persist for at least 6 months with at least one 2 week psychotic episode |
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Three examples of general food flavors that the carbonation and bitterness in beer provide a counterpoint (contrast) to.
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carbonation - fatty
bitterness - sweet maltiness - spicy |
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what are positive symptoms
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ususual thoughts or perceptions including:
hallucinations (can have types of hallucinations; 5 senses) delusions (fixed false beliefs; delusions of persecution, delusions of grandure |
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positive symptoms
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ADDS to your behavior (something that can be seen or heard)
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what are negative symptoms
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Refers to reductions in normal emotional and behavioral states
Flat (zero emotion) or Inappropriate Affect Anhedonia (lack of interest or pleasure in anything) Diminished ability to initiate and sustain planned activity Speaking infrequently (disorganized speech) May be mistaken for laziness or depression |
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negative symptoms
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takes away from what we expect from normal behavior. interferes with function
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what are psychomotor behaviors?
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odd mannerisms, grimacing, hyperactivityk waxy rigidity
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cognitive symptoms
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subtle and often detected only when tests are performed
-poor executive functioning -inability to sustain attention -problems with working memory |
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what are the types of schizophrenia
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paranoid
disorganized catatonic undifferentiated residual |
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paranoid schizophrenia
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think people are out to get you
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disorganized schizophrenia
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thoughts not organized
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undifferentiated schizophrenia
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don't meet criteria for other ones or meet criteria for all of them
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residual schizophrenia
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in the background
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what % of people with schizophrenia have substance abuse?
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47%
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what is the rate of nicotine addiction w/ people with schizophrenia?
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3x general population
75-90% |
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what are the rates of suicide?
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30-40% attempt
5-13% commit |
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what is schizoaffective disorder?
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combo of hallucinations and delusions with mania or depression
similar functional impact and treatment of symptoms with addition of treatment of emotional symptoms |
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what is delusional disorder
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person diagnosed has a persistent, non-bizarre delusion
-functional impact usually is social impairment |
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schizophreniform disorder
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Includes symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, disorganized or catatonic behavior and negative symptoms
Lasts at least 1 month but less than 6 months Deterioration in social or vocational function is not required for diagnosis |
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shared psychotic disorder
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Also known as folie a deux (“the folly of two”)
Where an otherwise healthy person shares delusions of a person with a psychotic disorder who has well established delusions Delusions usually disappear when the two persons are separated |
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what are the functional impacts of schizophrenia
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Higher mortality rate
Change in posture, gait Lethargic Decline in social skills towards isolation from family, friends, co-workers Difficulties with communication towards incoherent Decline in self-care towards no self-care at all Difficulties concentrating, with memory and problem solving Lack of engagement in purposeful activity Lack of enjoyment of once pleasurable activities |
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what does intervention focus on?
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treating symptoms and functional impairments..not on a cure!
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what are other interventions?
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anti-psychotic meds
Psychosocial Treatment Illness Management Skills Co-occurring Management Skills Assertive Community Treatment Family Education Supported Employment Self-Help Groups |
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what are OT intervetions
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Psycho-education
Education on basic facts, early warning signs of relapse, action planning, medication management Education on coping skills to deal with persistent symptoms such as hallucinations Co-occurring Management Skills Education on addiction and mental illness stressors, triggers, early warning signs of relapse, and coping skills Assertive Community Treatment Intensive case management providing supports and skills training in the natural environment Family Education Education for family on basic facts, early warning signs, action planning, how to handle a crisis, medication management, and taking care of self Education for family on assistive technology Supported Employment Place individuals quickly in jobs of his/her choosing while providing support, accommodations, and training on the job Self-Help Groups Peer support and comfort Schizophrenia Anonymous (SA) National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) Health and Wellness Exercise Nutrition Sleep Medication Management Self-Care IADLs Meal Preparation Community Mobility Financial Management Shopping Social Skills Basic communication skills Assertive vs. Passive vs. Aggressive Community Outings Support Building Problem-Solving How to problem solve (identify problem, options) How to make a decision (pros vs. cons, risks vs. benefits) Leisure Exploration Participation |
