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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Schedules of Reinforcement
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This an area of operant conditioning research in which we obserev how changes in the contingency of reinforcement affect various aspects of the behavior
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Schedule Effects |
how these different schedules affect the learning and behavior patterns |
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Continuous Reinforcement (CRF) Schedule |
Reinforcement is delivered each time a behavior is perfomed |
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Partial or Intermittent Schedules |
reinforecement is not delivered every time the behavior is perfomed |
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Fixed Ratio |
Behavior is reinforced after it has been performed a fixed number of time
Run graph---changing the ratio, does not change the run rate ex. getting paid by commision |
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Ratio |
Intermatent responses is based on a number of times the action is perfoemed |
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Fixed |
Time between is always the same |
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Post-reinforcement pause |
pauses that follow reinforcement in a fixed ratio schedule
sometimes eating food----longer period equals longer pause---needed rest---procrastination |
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Variable Ratio Schedule |
Behaviors are reinforced after a variable number of behaviors have been perfomed---no pause really---steep slope----slot machine
non-exitant p-rp's----preditory behavior |
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Fixed Interval Schedule |
the first occurrence of a behavior after a fixed interval of time----scallup patteren graph------politicions |
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Variable Interval Scedules |
The first occurrence of a behavior after a variable interval of time is reinforced---steady increase----listening to music |
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Fixed Duration (FD) Schedule |
Reinforcement is provided after a behavior has been continuously perfomed for a spcified period of time |
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Variable Duration (VD) Schedule |
Reinforcement is provided after a behavior has been continuously perfomed for some variable amount of time |
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Duration Scedules |
it is argued that the behavior that is being performed continuously will be reinforcing itself |
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Noncontingent reinforcement |
ft and vt |
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Fixed time
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reinforcement is delivered after a fixed period of time regradless of whether the behavior was performed or not.
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variable time |
reinforcment is delivered after a variable period of time regardless of whether the behavior is performed or not |
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Progressive Schedule |
when the contingencies of reinforcement change systematically with time |
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Progressive ratio |
progessing in ratio |
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Break piont |
where in the schedule will the learner stop performing the behavior |
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Stretching the ratio |
delicate procedure-----like the break piont |
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causes of Extinction in operant conditioning |
# of times a behavior was previously reinforced how much effort the behavior requires type and size of the reinforcer schedule the behavior is being maintained |
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Other Occurrences w/ Extinction |
More emotional behavior, more variablity, more aggressive, resurgence |
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Resurgence |
the reappearance of a previously reinforced behavior |
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Partial Reinforcement Effect (PRE) |
Behavior that is maintained on an intermittent schedule is more resistent or less likely to be extinguished than a behavior maintained on a continuous reinforcemnt schedule |
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Mowrer and Jones
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worked with rats and reinforcment schedule as well as extinction schedule
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Theories of PRE |
Discrimination Hypothesis Frustration Hypothesis Sequential Hypothesis Response Unit Hypothesis |
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Discrimination Hypothesis |
It is harder to discriminate between an extinction schedule and an intermittent schedule than an extinction schedule and a continuous reinforcement schedule |
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Frustration Hypothesis |
not getting reinforced for behavior is frustrating, and it is that frustration gets reinforced----intermittent, extinction schedules use these |
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Sequential hypothesis |
with intermittent schedule, a sequence of presses without reinforcment is nearing |
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Response Unit Hypothesis |
PRE is not real, but appears so because we fail to take into account what the actual unit of behavior is |
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Concurrent Schedule
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a learner has more than one option for a behavior and each behavior is set on different schedules
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the matching law |
freqency matches the frequency of reinforment |
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Self-Herding |
you eat at the same restrount because it was reinforced the first time |
