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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What drugs are commonly used to assist patients in ALCOHOL withrawal?
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Benzodiazepines
Clonidine (Catapres) Carbamezapine Beta blockers |
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What class of drugs is most preferred to use in alcohol withdrawal
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Beznodiazepines
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Name some benzadiazepines
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chlorodiazepoxide (Librium)
diazepam (Valium) Tranzene ozazepam (Serax) lorazepam (Ativan) |
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What generic benzodiazepine is most commonly chosen to assist in alcohol withdrawal?
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chlorodiazepoxide
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What are some drugs used in addition to benzodiazepine to help assist alcohol withdrawal?
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carbamazepine (Tegretol)
-reduces risk of seizures clonidine -reduces autonomic nervous system responses to withdrawal Beta blockers -reduce autonomic nervous system responses and may reduce cravings |
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What drugs would a nurse see on a patient's MAR to maintain alcohol abstinence
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disulfuram (Antabuse)
naltrexone (ReVia) acamprosate (Campral) |
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What side effects occur when a patient is on Antabuse and recently ingests alcohol
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Nausea
Copious vomiting Flushing Palpitations Headache Sweating Thirst Chest pain |
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What LIFE THREATENING side effects does Antabuse cause when alcohol is ingested?
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Marked respiratory depression
Cardiovascular collapse Dysrhythmias MI CHF Convulsions Death |
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How long must a patient wait in order to drink alcohol without any side effects once they stop taking Antabuse
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2 weeks
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What does naltrexone (ReVia) decrease in a patient underoing alcohol withdrawal?
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Decreases craving for alcohol and the pleasurable effects alcohol has.
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What would happen to a patient who is dependent on opioids is given naltrexone?
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It will cause withdrawal effects
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A patient using naltrexone is in severe pain and the doctor prescribes morphine. What would the morphine dosage look like on the patient's MAR?
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High doses because naltrexone typically binds to opiod receptors in the body, thus higher morphine dosages is required to have its analgesic effect.
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What function does Acamprosate (Campral) have on withdrawal patients?
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Reduces unpleasant feelings brought on by abstinence
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What other treatment should be given with Acamprosate?
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Psychosocial treatment
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How does Onadestron (Zofran) work on the brain to help withdrawal patients?
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Zofran may block the brain's reward system, thereby reducing motivation to drink
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What similarities does Topiramate have with Naltrexone?
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Both reduce alcohol cravings
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What infection is common amongst alcoholics who have B and thiamine deficiencies? If the patient does have an infection, what is usually prescribed to fight it off?
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Pneumonitis
Antibiotics |
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What kind of diet would a typical alcoholic patient have? Why?
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High carbohydrate diet to replace alcohol which is also high in carbohydrates.
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What drug is commonly used to treat opioid overdose?
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Naloxone (Narcan)
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What happens if too much naloxone is given?
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Patient can go into withdrawal
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What three drugs are used in assisting opioid withdrawal patients
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Methadone
Buprenorphine Clonidine |
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Which opioid assistive drug counteract some of the autonomic effects of withdrawal such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and elevated BP and P?
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Clonidine
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Why is methadone an excellent opioid assistive drug?
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Patient experiences little ot no withdrawal effects under treatment.
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What is the social problem with methadone?
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Methadone is only prescribed a little at a time and can only be given during visitations. Patients would have to visit the clinic everday to ensure they get their opioid treatment, which makes their social life very difficult.
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What are some common names of buprenorphine?
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Subutex
Suboxone |
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What advantage does buprenorphine have over methadone?
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Less addictive
Safer |
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What is the main social disadvantage patients have with buprenorphine.
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Buprenorphine has to be monitored and adminstered by a physician, and, most of the time, patients on buprenorphine are drug addicts. Most physicians do not want to work with drug addicts, thus making it difficult to get treatment.
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When is the best time to start buprenorphine treatment?
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When a patient starts undergoing early withdrawal. If it occurs before then, patient can go into total withdrawal, thus making it more difficult for the patient.
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TRUE OR FALSE: naltrexone is an opioid agonist.
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FALSE: naltrexone is an opioid ANTAGONIST.
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TRUE OR FALSE: Flumazinil (Romazicon) is a benzodiazepine antagonist.
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TRUE
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What is the main action of Flumazinil?
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Reverses signs and symptoms of overdose.
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How is Flumazinil typically administered?
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IV
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