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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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two bugs that are associated w/ post-burn infections
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa and S. aureus
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motile, gram negative rods
obligate aerobe, oxidase positive produces sweet grape-like odor on culture media widely distributed in soil and water produce water-soluble pigments (including pyocyanin) important nosocomial pathogen part of sin and intestinal normal flora |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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virulence factors of pseudomonas
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pili (fimbriae, attachment protein)
exopolysacharides lipopolysaccharide extracellular enzymes (elastase and protease) hemolysins (hea-lablile phospholipase C, Heat-stable glycolipid) exotoxin A (causes tissue necrosis, blocks protein synthesis at ribosomal level) |
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Pseudomonas toxin that causes tissue necrosis
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exotoxin A
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possible complications arising from large amounts of LPS from Pseudomonas
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shock, DIC, respiratory distress syndrome
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hemorrhage necrotic skin lesions seen w/ Pseudomonas septicemia infection
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ecthyma gangrenosum
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therapy appropriate for Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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a penicillin + an aminoglycoside (gent, tob, or amikacin)
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organism that typically causes GI infections in those w/ IgA deficiency
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Giardia lamblia (has 4 pair of flagella and 2 nuclei)
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treatment for Giardia lamblia
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metronidazole
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deficiency in which complement proteins typically lead to Neisseria infections?
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C5-C8
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gram negative diplococci
typically asociated w/ or inside polymorphonuclear cells identified on chocolate agar (Thayer-Martin) |
Neisseria sp.
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of N gonorrhoeae and N meningitides:
which has plasmids? which has a capsule? |
plasmids: gonorrhoeae
capsule: mengitides |
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virulence factors of N. gonorrhoeae
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Pili
Lipooligosacharide (endotoxic effect) Opa protein (adhesion to colonies and host) IgA protease (inactivates IgA) |
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gram-positive coccobacillus
aerobic partially acid-fast |
Nocardia asteroides
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what in the cell wall of Nocardia asteroides makes it partially acid fast?
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mycolic acid
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filamentous fungus that invades the lungs (blockage form fungal mass) and blood vessels (thrombosis and infarction may result)
neutropenic patients and those recieving high dose corticosteroids Diagnosis by Hyphae in tissues |
Aspergillus
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treatment for Aspergillosis
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Amphotericin B
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yeast with a thick polysaccharide capsule
found in pigeon feces Tx acquired by inhalation (primary infection then spreads) Stains w/ India ink |
Cryptococcus neoformans (oportunistic infection in AIDS patients)
Amphotericin B + flu cytosine |
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coccidian protozoan found in cats intestine, and acquired by ingestion
causes disseminated encephalitis in AIDS patients |
Toxoplasma gondii
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fungus that causes pneumonia in immunocompromised patients
identified on transbronchial lung biopsy can use silver methamine stain Growth is limited to the surfactant layer above alveolar epithelium...results in cyanosis What is the tx |
Pneumocystic carinii
TMP-SMX |
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protozoa identified on modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain
oocyst usually have mild and self limiting diarrhea |
Cryptosporidium
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most common nosocomial infection
most comon bug |
UTI
E. coli |
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common nosocomial illnesses resulting from surgical wound infections
Same bugs cause nosocomial infection septicemia |
Staph. aureus
E. coli |
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nosocomial infection resulting from dialysis, catheters, or prosthetic valve and joint replacements
extracellular slime production penicillin and methicillin resistance |
S. epidermidis
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motile, gram-negative rod
lactose fermenter identified on Mac-Conkey agar Bile-containg selective media most common cause of UTI capsule |
E. coli
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Enterotoxins of E. coli
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ETEC: cholera-like heat labile toxin
EIEC: shiga-like EHEC: verotoxin (HUS) |
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single most important strategy for infection control and prevention
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hand-washing
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Common type of infections seen in those who are IgG and IgM deficient
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Encapsalated organisms
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Disorders of cell-mediated immunity are associated w/ what types of infections?
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facultative or obligate intracellular pathogens
multiple infections are common |
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Where are tachyzoites of toxoplasma gondii located at in the body?
What do the Bradyzoites cause? |
paryenchymal cells and reticuloendothelial system
Local hypersensitivity inflammation |
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What can taxoplasmosis do to the baby of a pregnant women?
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Still birth
Blindness |
