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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which HIV is endemic to West Africa?
Which HIV is worldwide? What year was HIV officially isolated? By who? HIV-1 is linked to a species of: HIV-2 is linked to what? |
HIV-2: West Africa
HIV-1: worldwide 1983 - isolated by Francoise Barre Sinoussi HIV-1 - species of chimpanzee HIV-2 - sooty mangabey |
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What type of genome does HIV have?
Outer membrane glycoproteins? What protein is an indicator of HIV progression? What orchestrates viral assembly? |
2 +ssRNA
gp120, gp41 p24 capsid protein p17 |
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What structural gene codes for capsid, matrix, and nucleocapsid?
What structural gene codes for RT, protease, integrase, and ribonuclease? What codes for envelope glycoproteins? What activates p14 for transcription? |
GAG
POL ENV TAT |
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4 methods of transmission for HIV?
What are the two major cellular reservoirs of HIV? |
sexual, transfusion, dirty needles, perinatal
latent central memory T-cells, macrophages (months-years lifespan) |
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What CD receptor has a high affinity for gp120? What co-receptors are needed?
What are the hallmark cellular changes of HIV? Which cells can cross the BBB and deliver the virus to various tissues? Explain the immunosuppression in HIV/AIDS. |
CD4+; need CXCR4, CCR5
Destruction of CD4+ T-cells, apoptosis, ADCC killing, CTL toxicity, bone marrow toxicity Macrophages decreased CD4+, central memory T-cells, B-cell activation, Th1 response |
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What protein on dendritic cells have a high affinity for gp120?
How are dendritic cells involved in HIV spread? Three stages of HIV infection? |
DC-SIGN
infect directly, or can deliver virions to T-cells Acute - increased HIV virus replication, CD4+ T-cell death (weeks/months) Asymptomatic/Progressive - latent, increased HIV Ab's (years) AIDS |
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What is the normal CD4+/CD8+ ratio?
What is the ratio in HIV+ patients? How are HIV Ag's presented to CD8+ CTL's? What assays can be used to test for HIV? What is a positive test on Western blot? |
2:1
HIV - 1:1 or less as an abnormal MHC Class I complex ELISA, PCR; need 2+ proteins on Western blot for +test |
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Why is there such a poor humoral (Ab) response to HIV?
How many viruses are produced daily? Activity of HIV is related to what in the host? |
RT has poor fidelity, creates mutated virion proteins, Ab's can't keep up
1 billion/day activation state - active/inflammatory means active virus |
