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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Topology |
Within a cladogram, the structure of the branching diagram representing relative time of evolutionary divergence |
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Macrofibril |
A collection of microfibrils wound around each other as a structural superstructure |
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Microfibril |
A collection of 18-24 cellulose strands, in parallel arrangement, functions structurally |
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Middle lumella |
an intercellular space between the primary cell walls of plants loaded with pectin which functions to hold plant cells together |
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Plasmodesmata |
Perforations between plant cells, lined with membranes, that connect the cytosol of adjacent cells allowing the flow of water, nutrients, and metabolites |
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Thylakoids |
The interior membranes of the chloroplast |
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Antheridia |
The male reproductive organs of algae, mosses, ferns, and nonflowering plants |
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Apical |
Referring, forming, or belonging to a top, end, apex layer |
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Arhegonia |
The female reproductive organs of mosses, liverworts, ferns, and conifers |
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Conifers |
In grade nonvascular plants, the spore producing section of the sporophyte |
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Cellulose |
The structural carbohydrate of linearly linked glucose molecules in the SAR algae and archaeplastida |
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CESA |
An integral membrane protein, ring like complex which synthesizes cellulose microfibrils in the streptophyta and embryophyta, abbreviation for cellulose synthase A |
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Elators |
Coiled or spring like cells in the capsules of Heptophyta that aid in spore dispersal |
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Embryo |
A developmentally immature plant formed by fertilization by the union of egg and sperm |
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Rhizoids |
Acts as anchors in lower plants and often only a single or a few cells wide, limited absorbtion |
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Stomata |
Specialized pores in the epidermal layers of plants allowing for gas exchange |
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Thallus |
A plant body typical of algae and some liverworts that is not strongly differentiated into stem and leaves and lacks true roots and vascular tissues |
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Vasculature |
Specialized cells for water and nutrient movement |
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Cuticle |
A layer of a mix of waxes and fatty derivatives providing waterproofing to the epidermis |
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Epidermis |
Living at maturity, the outer most layer of roots, stems, and leaves; covered with a cuticle |
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Guard cells |
Specialized, circular, epidermal cells flanking an opening in the surface |
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Parenchyma |
A cell type within ground tissues possessing only primary cell walls that is alive at maturity and functions in photosynthesis, storage, secretion, and transport |
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Primary cell wall |
Formed in plants outside of the plasma membrane; remains flexible for growth and is comprised of cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin |
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Conduction |
Transport of water between roots and leaves |
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Intercalary meristems |
a meristematic region between more highly differentiated regions |
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Indeterminate |
Describing a plant region retaining the ability for further development and growth throughout the life of the plant |
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Columella |
A sterile column of non-spore producing supportive tissue in the sporophytes of anthocerophyta |
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Costa |
Nonvascualarized condutive tissue found in the gametophytic leaves of some of the bryophyta |
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Cutin |
A biopolymer of fatty acids secreted from the epidermis and functionig as a sealant to prevent water loss |
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Gametogenesis |
In plans, haploid precursor cells undergo mitotic ell division and differentiation to form mature haploid gametes |
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Grana |
A stack of thylakoid membranes within he chloroplast of green plants |
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Hydroid |
In the Bryophyta, cells function in water conduction |
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Leptoid |
In the Bryophyta, cells function in sugar conduction |
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Perine |
Protective outer layer of spores of mosses and ferns |
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Peristome teeth |
Hydrosopic, teethlike structures that occur in a whorl along the margin of moss capsule and function in spore dispersal |
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Sporogenesis |
In plants, diploid precursor cells undergo meiotic cell division and differentiation to form mature haploid spores |
