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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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primary hip extensor
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gluteus maximus
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primary hip flexor
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iliopsoas
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primary knee extensor
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quadriceps
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primary knee flexor
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semimembranosus and semitendinosus
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capitis femoris
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ligament at head of femur attaching to acetabular fossa
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anterior glide for head of femur
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occurs with external rotation of hip
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posterior glide of head of femur
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occurs with internal rotation of hip
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MCL attachment
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originates at femur and inserts on tibia. also articulates with medial meniscus
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LCL attachment
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originates at femur and inserts on fibula
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fibular head glides anterior
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with pronation (dorsiflexion, eversion and abduction) of foot
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fibular head glides posteriorly
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with supination (plantarflexion, inversion, adduction) of foot
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somatic dysfunction of hip: external rotation
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findings: hip restricted in internal rotation
etiology: piriformis or iliopsoas spasm |
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somatic dysfunction of hip: internal rotation
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findings: hip restricted in external rotation
etiology: spasm of internal rotators (gluteus minimus, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, TFL, adductor magnus, adductor longus) |
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femoral nerve
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root: L2-L4
motor-innervates quadriceps, iliacus, sartorius, pectinueus sensory: anterior thigh and medial leg |
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sciatic nerve
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root: L4-S3
courses through sciatic foramen. in 85% of pop will be inferior to piriformis |
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angulation of head of femur
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if <120 degrees condition is called coxa vara
if >135 degrees condition is called coxa valga |
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q angle
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formed by intersection of a line from ASIS through middle of patella and line from tibial tubercle through middle of patella. normal: 10-12 degrees. an increased q angle is referred to as genu valgum in which pt will appear more knocked knee. a decreased q angle is referred to as genu varum in which the pt will appear more bowleged
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wt bearing fibula
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can bear up to 1/6 of body weight
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common peroneal nerve relations
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lies directly posterior to proximal fibular head. therefore, a posterior fibular head or fracture of fibula may disturb function of this nerve. sensory to lower leg, dorsum of foot. foot drop.
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patello-femoral syndrome
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pathophys: imbalance of musculature of quadriceps. imbalance will cause patella to deviate laterally, and eventually lead to irregular or accelerated wearing on posterior surface of patella.
signs and sx: deep knee pain is present, esp when climbing stairs. atrophy of vastus medialis. patella crepitus. |
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three grades of ligamentous sprain
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first degree: no tear resulting in good tensile strength and no laxity
second degree: partial tear resulting in a decreased tensile strength with mild to moderate laxity third degree: complete tear resulting in no tensile strength and severe laxity |
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talocrural jt
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main motion: plantar and dorsiflexion
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subtalar jt
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acts mostly as a shock absorber and also allows internal and external rotation of leg while food is fixed
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medial longitudinal arch
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talus, nvaciular, cuneiforms, 1st to 3rd metatarsals
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lateral longitudinal arch:
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calcaneus, cuboid, and 4th and 5th metatarsals
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transverse arch
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navicular, cuneiforms, and cuboid
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deltoid ligament
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prevents excessive pronation. since ankle is more stable in pronation position and deltoid is very strong, pronation sprains are uncommon. sprains usually results in fracture of medial malleolus rather than pure ligamentous injury
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spring ligament
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calcaneonavicular ligament. strengthens and supports medial longitudinal arch.
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plantar aponeurosis
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strong, dense, connective tissue that originates at calcaneus and attaches to phalanges. chronic irritation to this structure may cause calcium to be laid down along lines of stress, leading to a heel spur
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