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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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calcium (Ca++)
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a mineral element needed for the process of bone formation, coagulation of blood, excitation of cardiac and skeletal muscle, maintanence of muscle tone, conduction of neuromuscular impulses, and the synthesis and regulation of the endocrine and exocrine glands
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normal adult Ca++ level
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8.6 - 10.0 mg/dL
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fluid volume deficit
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dehydration in which the fluid intake of the body is not sufficient to meet the fluid needs of the body
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fluid volume excess
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fluid intake or fluid retention that exceeds the fluid needs of the body.
(aka overhydration; fluid overload) |
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homeostasis
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the tendency of a biological systems to maintain relatively constant conditions in the internal environment while continuously interacting with and adjusting to changes originating within or outside the system
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hypercalcemia
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Ca++ level greater than 10.0 mg/dL
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hyperkalemia
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K+ level greater than 5.0 mEq/L
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hypermagnesemia
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Mg++ level greater than 2.6 mg/dL
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hypernatremia
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Na+ level greater than 145 mEq/L
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hyperphosphatemia
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phosphorus level greater than 4.5 mg/dL
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hypocalcemia
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Ca++ level less than 8.6 mg/dL
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hypokalemia
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K+ level less than 3.5 mEq/L
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hypomagnesemia
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Mg++ level less than 1.6 mg/dL
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hyponatremia
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Na+ level less than 135 mEq/L
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hypophosphatemia
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phosphorus level less than 2.7 mg/dL
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magnesium
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concentrated in the bone, cartilage, and within the cell itself; required for the use of ATP as a source of energy.
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Magnesium
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needed for the action of numerous enzyme systems such as carbohydrate metabolism, protein synthesis, nucleic acid synthesis, and contraction of muscular tissue. Also regulates neuromuscular activity and the clotting mechanism.
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normal adult Mg++ level range
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1.6 - 2.6 mg/dL
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Potassium
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principle electrolyte of intracellular fluid and the primary buffer within the cell itself.
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Functions of Potassium
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needed for nerve conduction, muscle function, acid-base balance, and osmotic pressure.
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potassium
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along with Mg++ and Ca++, it controls the rate and force of contraction of the heart and thus, cardiac output
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normal adult K+ level range
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3.5 - 5.1 mEq/L
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Phosphorus
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needed for generation of bony tissue; functions in the metabolism of glucose and lipids, maintenance of acid-base balance, and storage and transfer of energy within the body
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how are Phosphorus levels evaluated and why?
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in relation to Ca++ levels b/c of their inverse relationship; when Ca++ levels increase Phos levels decrease (and vice versa)
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Normal adult phosphorus level range
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2.7 - 4.5 mg/dL
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Sodium
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abundant electrolyte that maintains osmotic pressure and acid-base balance and transmits nerve impulses
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normal adult Na+ level range
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135 - 145 mEq/L
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