Sat 2

Front 1

deciduous

Back 1

ADJ. /落叶的/falling off as of leaves. The oak is a decid?uous tree; in winter it looks quite bare.

Front 2

decimate

Back 2

V. /残杀（十个里面杀一个）/kill, usually one out of ten. We do more to decimate our population in automobile accidents than we do in war.

Front 3

decipher

Back 3

V. /破译，解密/interpret secret code. Lacking his code book, the spy was unable to decipher the scrambled message sent to him from the KGB.

Front 4

declivity

Back 4

N. /下坡/downward slope. The children loved to ski down the declivity.

Front 5

decollete

Back 5

ADJ. /低肩露颈的服装/having a low-necked dress. Current fashion decrees that evening gowns be decollete this season; bare shoulders are again the vogue.

Front 6

decomposition

Back 6

N. /瓦解；腐烂/decay. Despite the body's advanced state of decomposition, the police were able to identify the murdered man.

Front 7

decorum

Back 7

N. /礼貌；温文尔雅/propriety; orderliness and good taste in man?ners. Even the best-mannered students have trouble behav?ing with decorum on the last day of school. decorous,ADJ.

Front 8

decoy

Back 8

N. /引诱/lure or bait. The wild ducks were not fooled by the decoy. alsoV.

Front 9

decrepit

Back 9

ADJ. /老化，磨损/worn out by age. The decrepit car blocked traffic on the highway.

Front 10

decrepitude

Back 10

N. /衰老；老耄/state of collapse caused by illness or old age. I was unprepared for the state of decrepitude in which I had found my old friend; he seemed to have aged twenty years in six months.

Front 11

decry

Back 11

V. /强烈反对/express strong disapproval of; disparage. The founder of the Children's Defense Fund, Marian Wright Edelman, strongly decries the lack of financial and moral support for children in America today.

Front 12

deducible

Back 12

ADJ. /可推导的，可推论的/derived by reasoning. If we accept your premise, your conclusions are easily deducible.

Front 13

deface

Back 13

V. /丑化/mar; disfigure. If you deface a library book, you will have to pay a hefty fine.

Front 14

defame

Back 14

V. /丑化；诽谤/harm someone's reputation; malign; slander. If you try to defame my good name, my lawyers will see you in court. If rival candidates persist in defaming one another, the voters may conclude that all politicians are crooks. defamation, N.

Front 15

default

Back 15

N. /不作为，无动于衷/failure to act. When the visiting team failed to show up for the big game, they lost the game by default. When Jack failed to make the payments on his Jaguar, the dealership took back the car because he had defaulted on his debt.

Front 16

defeatist

Back 16

ADJ. /失败主义者/attitude of one who is ready to accept defeat as a natural outcome. If you maintain your defeatist attitude, you will never succeed. also N.

Front 17

defection

Back 17

N. /缺点；逃跑，叛逃/desertion. The children, who had made him an idol, were hurt most by his defection from our cause.

Front 18

defer

Back 18

V. /推迟，延期/delay till later; exempt temporarily. In wartime, some young men immediately volunteer to serve; others

Front 19

defer

Back 19

/缓招/making plans until they hear from their draft boards. During the Vietnam War, many young men, hoping to be deferred, requested student deferments.

Front 20

defer

Back 20

V. /听从/give in respectfully; submit. When it comes to making decisions about purchasing software, we must defer to Michael, our computer guru; he gets the final word. Michael, however, can defer these questions to no one; only he can decide.

Front 21

deference

Back 21

N. /尊重的，尊重他人的/courteous regard for another's wish. In defer?ence to the minister's request, please do not take pho?tographs during the wedding service.

Front 22

defiance

Back 22

N. /抵抗；不屈服/refusal to yield; resistance. When John reached the "terrible two's," he responded to every parental request with howls of defiance. defy,V.

Front 23

defile

Back 23

V. /污染；亵渎/pollute; profane. The hoodlums defiled the church with their scurrilous writing.

Front 24

definitive

Back 24

ADJ. /完全的；最终的/final; complete. Carl Sandburg's Abraham Lincoln may be regarded as the definitive work on the life of the Great Emancipator.

Front 25

deflect

Back 25

V. /反射，偏转/turn aside. His life was saved when his cigarette case deflected the bullet.

Front 26

defoliate

Back 26

V. /落叶/destroy leaves. In Vietnam the army made extensive use of chemical agents to defoliate the woodlands.

Front 27

defray

Back 27

V. /偿付/pay the costs of. Her employer offered to defray the costs of her postgraduate education.

Front 28

deft

Back 28

ADJ. /灵巧的，敏锐地/neat; skillful. The deft waiter uncorked the cham?pagne without spilling a drop.

Front 29

defunct

Back 29

ADJ. /死的；不存在的，报废的/dead; no longer in use or existence. The lawyers sought to examine the books of the defunct corpo?ration.

Front 30

defuse

Back 30

V. /拆弹；化解（危机）/remove the fuse of a bomb; reduce or eliminate a threat. Police negotiators are trained to defuse danger?ous situations by avoiding confrontational language and behavior.

Front 31

degenerate

Back 31

V. /恶化/become worse; deteriorate. As the fight dragged on, the champion's style degenerated until he could barely keep on his feet.

Front 32

degradation

Back 32

N. /降级；降格；退化/humiliation; debasement; degeneration. Some secretaries object to fetching the boss a cup of cof?fee because they resent the degradation of being made to do such lowly tasks. degrade,V.

Front 33

dehydrate

Back 33

V. /脱水/remove water from; dry out. Running under a hot sun quickly dehydrates the body; joggers soon learn to carry water bottles and to drink from them frequently.

Front 34

deify

Back 34

V. /神化/ turn into a god; idolize. Admire Elvis Presley all you want; just don't deify him.

Front 35

deign

Back 35

V. /屈服，屈尊/condescend; stoop. The celebrated fashion designer would not deign to speak to a mere seamstress; his overburdened assistant had to convey the master's wishes to the lowly workers assembling his great designs.

Front 36

delectable

Back 36

ADJ. /使人愉快的/delightful; delicious. We thanked our host for a most delectable meal.

Front 37

delete

Back 37

V. /删除/erase; strike out. Less is more: if you delete this paragraph, your whole essay will have greater appeal.

Front 38

deleterious

Back 38

ADJ. /有害的/harmful. If you believe that smoking is deleterious to your health (and the Surgeon General cer?tainly does), then quit!

Front 39

deliberate

Back 39

V. /深思熟虑的；商讨/consider; ponder. Offered the new job, she asked for time to deliberate before she told them her decision,

Front 40

delineate

Back 40

V. /描绘；描述/portray; depict; sketch. Using only a few descriptive phrases, Austen delineates the character of Mr. Collins so well that we can predict his every move. delin?eation, N.

Front 41

delirium

Back 41

N. /精神错乱/mental disorder marked by confusion. In his delirium, the drunkard saw pink panthers and talking pigs. Perhaps he wasn't delirious: he might just have wandered into a movie.

Front 42

delude

Back 42

V. /盅惑/deceive. His mistress may have deluded herself into believing that he would leave his wife and marry her.

Front 43

deluge

Back 43

N. /冲（水）（刺）/flood; rush. When we advertised the position, we received a deluge of applications.

Front 44

delusion

Back 44

N. /错觉/false belief; hallucination. Don suffers from delusions of grandeur: he thinks he's a world-famous author when he's published just one paperback book.

Front 45

delve

Back 45

V. /挖掘；调查/dig; investigate. Delving into old books and man?uscripts is part of a researcher's job.

Front 46

demagogue

Back 46

N. /煽动政治家/person who appeals to people's prejudice; false leader of people. He was accused of being a dema?gogue because he made promises that aroused futile hopes in his listeners.

Front 47

demean

Back 47

V. /降级；贬低/degrade; humiliate. Standing on his dignity, he refused to demean himself by replying to the offensive letter. If you truly believed in the dignity of labor, you would not think it would demean you to work as a janitor.

Front 48

demeanor

Back 48

N. /风度；行为/behavior; bearing. His sober demeanor qui?eted the noisy revelers.

Front 49

demented

Back 49

ADJ. /疯狂的/insane. Doctor Demento was a lunatic radio personality who liked to act as if he were truly demented. If you're demented, your mental state is out of whack; in other words, you're wacky.

Front 50

demise

Back 50

N. /死/death. Upon the demise of the dictator, a bitter dispute about succession to power developed.

Front 51

demolition

Back 51

N. /拆除/destruction. One of the major aims of the air force was the complete demolition of all means of trans?portation by bombing of rail lines and terminals. demolish,V.

Front 52

demoniac

Back 52

ADJ. /魔鬼的/fiendish. The Spanish Inquisition devised many demoniac means of torture. demon, N.

Front 53

demur

Back 53

V. /反对；犹豫/object (because of doubts, scruples); hesitate. When offered a post on the board of directors, David demurred: he had scruples about taking on the job because he was unsure he could handle it in addition to his other responsibilities.

Front 54

demure

Back 54

ADJ. /端庄的；认真的；腼腆的/grave; serious; coy. She was demure and reserved, a nice modest girl whom any young man would be proud to take home to his mother.

Front 55

demystify

Back 55

V. /澄清；揭秘/clarify; free from mystery or obscurity. Help?ful doctors demystify medical procedures by describing them in everyday language, explaining that a myringotomy, for example, is an operation involving making a small hole in one's eardrum.

Front 56

denigrate

Back 56

V. /抹黑/blacken. All attempts to denigrate the charac?ter of our late president have failed; the people still love him and cherish his memory.

Front 57

denizen

Back 57

N. /居民；常客/inhabitant or resident; regular visitor. In The Untouchables, Eliot Ness fights AI Capone and the other denizens of Chicago's underworld. Ness's fight against cor?ruption was the talk of all the denizens of the local bars.

Front 58

denotation

Back 58

N. /指示；根据名字区别/meaning; distinguishing by name. A dictio?nary will always give us the denotation of a word; fre?quently, it will also give us the connotations. denote,V.

Front 59

denouement

Back 59

N. /结局；结果/outcome; final development of the plot of a play. The play was childishly written; the denouement was obvious to sophisticated theatergoers as early as the mid?dle of the first act.

Front 60

denounce

Back 60

V. /咒骂；批评/condemn; criticize. The reform candidate denounced the corrupt city officers for having betrayed the public's trust. denunciation, N.

Front 61

depict

Back 61

V. /描述/portray. In this sensational exposé, the author depicts Beatle John Lennon as a drug-crazed neurotic. Do you question the accuracy of this depiction of Lennon?

Front 62

deplete

Back 62

V. /耗尽；减少/reduce; exhaust. We must wait until we deplete our present inventory before we order replacements.

Front 63

deplore

Back 63

V. /悔恨/regret; disapprove of. Although I deplore the vulgarity of your language, I defend your right to express yourself freely.

Front 64

deploy

Back 64

V. /散开；部署/spread out [troops] in an extended though shal?low battle line. The general ordered the battalion to deploy in order to meet the enemy offensive.

Front 65

depose

Back 65

V. /革职/dethrone; remove from office. The army attempted to depose the king and set up a military govern?ment.

Front 66

deposition

Back 66

N. /宣言，誓言/testimony under oath. He made his deposi?tion in the judge's chamber.

Front 67

depravity

Back 67

N. /堕落，腐坏/extreme corruption; wickedness. The deprav?ity of Caligula's behavior came to sicken even those who had willingly participated in his earlier, comparatively inno?cent orgies.

Front 68

deprecate

Back 68

V. /抗议；蔑视/express disapproval of; protest against; belit?tle. A firm believer in old-fashioned courtesy, Miss Post deprecated the modern tendency to address new acquain?tances by their first names. deprecatory,ADJ.

Front 69

depreciate

Back 69

V. /折旧/lessen in value. If you neglect this property, it will depreciate.

Front 70

depredation

Back 70

N. /掠夺/plundering. After the depredations of the invaders, the people were penniless.

Front 71

deranged

Back 71

ADJ. /不理智/insane. He had to be institutionalized because he was mentally deranged.

Front 72

derelict

Back 72

ADJ. /遗弃的；废弃的/abandoned; negligent. The derelict craft was a menace to navigation. Whoever abandoned it in the mid?dle of the harbor was derelict in living up to his responsibili?ties as a boat owner. also N.

Front 73

deride

Back 73

V. /打趣；取消/ridicule; make fun of. The critics derided his pre?tentious dialogue and refused to consider his play seri?ously. derision, N.

Front 74

derivative

Back 74

ADJ. /派生的/unoriginal; derived from another source. Although her early poetry was clearly derivative in nature,the critics thought she had promise and eventually would find her own voice.

Front 75

dermatologist

Back 75

N. /皮肤病专家/one who studies the skin and its diseases. I advise you to consult a dermatologist about your acne.

Front 76

derogatory

Back 76

ADJ. /贬低的，贬损的/expressing a low opinion. I resent your derogatory remarks.

Front 77

descant

Back 77

V. /全面而详细的讨论/discuss fully. He was willing to descant upon any topic of conversation, even when he knew very little about the subject under discussion. also N.

Front 78

descry

Back 78

V. /看到/catch sight of. In the distance, we could barely descry the enemy vessels.

Front 79

desecrate

Back 79

V. /亵渎/profane; violate the sanctity of. Shattering the altar and trampling the holy objects underfoot, the invaders desecrated the sanctuary.

Front 80

desiccate

Back 80

V. /弄干/dry up. A tour of this smokehouse will give you an idea of how the pioneers used to desiccate food in order to preserve it.

Front 81

desolate

Back 81

ADJ. /荒无人烟的/unpopulated. After six months in the crowded, bustling metropolis, David was so sick of people that he was ready to head for the most desolate patch of wilderness he could find.

Front 82

desolate

Back 82

V. /放弃/rob of joy; lay waste to; forsake. The bandits desolated the countryside, burning farms and carrying off the harvest.

Front 83

despise

Back 83

V. look on with scorn; regard as worthless or distasteful. Mr. Bond, I despise spies; I look down on them as mean, despicable, honorless men, whom I would wipe from the face of the earth with as little con?cern as I would scrape dog droppings from the bottom of my shoe.

Front 84

despoil

Back 84

V. /掠夺/plunder. If you do not yield, I am afraid the enemy will despoil the countryside.

Front 85

despondent

Back 85

ADJ. /忧郁的；沮丧的/depressed; gloomy. To the dismay of his parents, William became seriously despondent after he broke up with Jan; they despaired of finding a cure for his gloom. despondency, N.

Front 86

despot

Back 86

N. /暴君/tyrant; harsh, authoritarian ruler. How could a benevolent king turn overnight into a despot?

Front 87

destitute

Back 87

ADJ. /一贫如洗/extremely poor. Because they had no health insurance, the father's costly illness left the family destitute.

Front 88

desultory

Back 88

ADJ. /慢无目的的；断断续续的/aimless; haphazard; digressing at random. In prison Malcolm X set himself the task of reading straight through the dictionary; to him, reading was purposeful, not desultory.

Front 89

detached

Back 89

ADJ. /分离的/emotionally removed; calm and objective; physically unconnected. A psychoanalyst must maintain a detached point of view and stay uninvolved with his or her patients' personal lives. To a child growing up in an apart?ment or a row house, to live in a detached house was an unattainable dream.

Front 90

detergent

Back 90

N. /洗洁精；洗涤剂/cleansing agent. Many new detergents have replaced soap.

Front 91

determination

Back 91

N. /决定；测量，计算；解决/resolve; measurement or calculation; decision. Nothing could shake his determination that his children would get the best education that money could buy. Thanks to my pocket calculator, my determination of the answer to the problem took only seconds of my time.

Front 92

deterrent

Back 92

N. /挫败；使气馁/something that discourages; hindrance. Does the threat of capital punishment serve as a deterrent to potential killers? deter,V.

Front 93

detonation

Back 93

N. /引爆，爆炸/explosion. The detonation of the bomb could be heard miles away.

Front 94

detraction

Back 94

N. /诽谤/slandering; aspersion. He is offended by your frequent detractions of his ability as a leader.

Front 95

detrimental

Back 95

ADJ. /有害的/harmful; damaging. The candidate's acceptance of major financial contributions from a well?known racist ultimately proved detrimental to his campaign, for he lost the backing of many of his early grassroots sup?porters. detriment, N.

Front 96

deviate

Back 96

V. /背离/turn away from (a principle, norm); depart; diverge. Richard never deviated from his daily routine: every day he set off for work at eight o'clock, had his sack lunch (peanut butter on whole wheat) at 12:15, and headed home at the stroke of five.

Front 97

devious

Back 97

ADJ. /拐弯抹角的；偏僻的/roundabout; erratic; not straightforward. The Joker's plan was so devious that it was only with great diffi?culty we could follow its shifts and dodges.

Front 98

devise

Back 98

V. /设计；发明/think up; invent; plan. How clever he must be to have devised such a devious plan! What ingenious inven?tions might he have devised if he had turned his mind to science and not to crime.

Front 99

devoid

Back 99

ADJ. /缺乏的/lacking. You may think her mind is a total void, but she's actually not devoid of intelligence. She just sounds like an airhead.

Front 100

devotee

Back 100

N. /热心的追随者/enthusiastic follower. A devotee of the opera, he bought season tickets every year.

Front 101

devout

Back 101

ADJ. /虔诚的；诚恳的/pious. The devout man prayed daily.

Front 102

dexterous

Back 102

ADJ. /灵巧的；右撇子/skillful. The magician was so dexterous that we could not follow him as he performed his tricks.

Front 103

diabolical

Back 103

ADJ. /恶魔的/devilish. "What a fiend I am, to devise such a diabolical scheme to destroy Gotham City," chortled the Joker gleefully.

Front 104

diagnosis

Back 104

N. /诊断/art of identifying a disease; analysis of a con?dition. In medical school Margaret developed her skill at diagnosis, learning how to read volumes from a rapid pulse or a hacking cough. diagnose,

Front 105

discomfit

Back 105

V. /扰乱/put to rout; defeat; disconcert. This ruse will discomfitthe enemy. discomfiture,

Front 106

discomposure

Back 106

N. /心乱；不安/agitation; loss of poise. Perpetually poised, Agent 007 never exhibited a moment's discompo?sure.

Front 107

disconcert

Back 107

V. /迷惑；扰乱；使难堪/confuse; upset; embarrass. The lawyer was disconcerted by the evidence produced by her adversary.

Front 108

disconsolate

Back 108

ADJ. /悲伤；沮丧/sad. The death of his wife left him dis?consolate.

Front 109

discord

Back 109

N. /冲突的；不和谐的/conflict; lack of harmony. Watching Tweedle?dum battle Tweedledee, Alice wondered what had caused this pointless discord.

Front 110

discordant

Back 110

ADJ. /不和谐的；冲突的/not harmonious; conflicting. Nothing is quite so discordant as the sound of a junior high school orchestra tuning up.

Front 111

discount

Back 111

V. /漠视；解散/disregard; dismiss. Be prepared to discount what he has to say about his ex-wife.

Front 112

discourse

Back 112

N. /演讲；谈话/formal discussion; conversation. The young Plato was drawn to the Agora to hear the philosophical dis?course of Socrates and his followers. alsoV.

Front 113

discredit

Back 113

V. /不信任；丢脸/defame; destroy confidence in; disbelieve. The campaign was highly negative in tone; each candidate tried to discredit the other.

Front 114

discrepancy

Back 114

N. /相差；缺乏一致/lack of consistency; difference. The police noticed some discrepancies in his description of the crime and did not believe him.

Front 115

discrete

Back 115

ADJ. /分离；没有关系的/separate; unconnected. The universe is com?posed of discrete bodies.

Front 116

discretion

Back 116

N. /判断力；审慎的/prudence; ability to adjust actions to circum?stances. Use your discretion in this matter and do not dis?cuss it with anyone. discreet,ADJ.

Front 117

discriminating

Back 117

ADJ. /有识别能力的；有偏见的/able to see differences; prejudiced. A superb interpreter of Picasso, she was sufficiently discrimi?nating to judge the most complex works of modern art. (secondary meaning) discrimination, N.

Front 118

discursive

Back 118

ADJ. /散漫的；不得要领的/digressing; rambling. As the lecturer wan?dered from topic to topic, we wondered what if any point there was to his discursive remarks.

Front 119

disdain

Back 119

V. /蔑视/view with scorn or contempt. In the film Funny Face, the bookish heroine disdained fashion models for their lack of intellectual interests. also N.

Front 120

disembark

Back 120

V. /登陆；靠岸/go ashore; unload cargo from a ship. Before the passengers could disembark, they had to pick up their passports from the ship's purser.

Front 121

disenfranchise

Back 121

V. /剥夺（公民权）/deprive of a civil right. The imposition of the poll tax effectively disenfranchised poor Southern blacks, who lost their right to vote.

Front 122

disengage

Back 122

V. /脱离；分离/uncouple; separate; disconnect. A standard movie routine involves the hero's desperate attempt to dis?engage a railroad car from a moving train.

Front 123

disfigure

Back 123

V. /诬陷，抹黑，诽谤/mar in beauty; spoil. An ugly frown disfigured his normally pleasant face.

Front 124

disgorge

Back 124

V. /吐出，涌出，呕吐/surrender something; eject; vomit. Unwilling to disgorge the cash he had stolen from the pension fund, the embezzler tried to run away.

Front 125

disgruntle

Back 125

V. /使郁闷/make discontented. The passengers were disgruntled by the numerous delays.

Front 126

dishearten

Back 126

V. /挫败/discourage; cause to lose courage or hope. His failure to pass the bar exam disheartened him.

Front 127

disheveled

Back 127

ADJ. /邋遢，肮脏/untidy. Your disheveled appearance will hurt your chances in this interview.

Front 128

disinclination

Back 128

N. /不情愿，厌恶/unwillingness. Some mornings I feel a great disinclination to get out of bed

Front 129

disingenuous

Back 129

ADJ. /不诚恳的/lacking genuine candor; insincere. Now that we know the mayor and his wife are engaged in a bitter divorce fight, we find their earlier remarks regretting their lack of time together remarkably disingenuous.

Front 130

disinter

Back 130

V. /挖出，出土/dig up; unearth. They disinterred the body and held an autopsy.

Front 131

disinterested

Back 131

ADJ. /公允的/unprejudiced. Given the judge's political ambitions and the lawyers' financial interest in the case, the only disinterested person in the courtroom may have been the court reporter.

Front 132

disjointed

Back 132

ADJ. /断开/disconnected. His remarks were so dis?jointed that we could not follow his reasoning.

Front 133

dislodge

Back 133

V. /强制移除/remove (forcibly). Thrusting her fist up under the choking man's lower ribs, Margaret used the Heimlich maneuver to dislodge the food caught in his throat.

Front 134

dismantle

Back 134

V. /拆除/take apart. When the show closed, they dis?mantled the scenery before storing it.

Front 135

dismay

Back 135

V. /使沮丧；使害怕/discourage; frighten. The huge amount of work she had left to do dismayed her. also N.

Front 136

dismember

Back 136

V. /分解，肢解/cut into small parts. When the Austrian Empire was dismembered, several new countries were established.

Front 137

dismiss

Back 137

V. /拒绝；排除/put away from consideration; reject. Believing in John's love for her, she dismissed the notion that he might be unfaithful. (secondary meaning)

Front 138

disparage

Back 138

V. /忽略，轻视/belittle. A doting mother, Emma was more likely to praise her son's crude attempts at art than to dis?parage them.

Front 139

disparate

Back 139

ADJ. /大相径庭的；没关系的/basically different; unrelated. Unfortunately, Tony and Tina have disparate notions of marriage: Tony sees it as a carefree extended love affair, while Tina sees it as a solemn commitment to build a family and a home.

Front 140

disparity

Back 140

N. /不同；差距/difference; condition of inequality. Their dis?parity in rank made no difference at all to the prince and Cinderella.

Front 141

dispassionate

Back 141

ADJ. /平静的；公平的/calm; impartial. Known in the company for his cool judgment, Bill could impartially examine the causes of a problem, giving a dispassionate analysis of what had gone wrong, and go on to suggest how to correct the mess.

Front 142

dispatch

Back 142

N. /急速；急件/speediness; prompt execution; message sent with all due speed. Young Napoleon defeated the enemy with all possible dispatch; he then sent a dispatch to head-quarters informing his commander of the great victory. alsoV.

Front 143

dispel

Back 143

V. /散开；分裂；消失/scatter; drive away; cause to vanish. The bright sunlight eventually dispelled the morning mist.

Front 144

disperse

Back 144

V. /散开/scatter. The police fired tear gas into the crowd to disperse the protesters. dispersion, N.

Front 145

dispirited

Back 145

ADJ. /没情绪的，沮丧的/lacking in spirit. The coach used all the tricks at his command to buoy up the enthusiasm of his team, which had become dispirited at the loss of the star player.

Front 146

disputatious

Back 146

ADJ. /好辩的/argumentative; fond of arguing. Con?vinced he knew more than his lawyers, Alan was a disputa?tious client, ready to argue about the best way to conduct the case. disputant, N.

Front 147

disquiet

Back 147

V. /使焦虑，使难受/make uneasy or anxious. Holmes's absence for a day, slightly disquieted Watson; after a week with no word, however, Watson's uneasiness about his missing friend had grown into a deep fear for his safety. disquietude, N.

Front 148

dissection

Back 148

N. /分析；解剖/analysis; cutting apart in order to examine. The dissection of frogs in the laboratory is particularly unpleasant to some students.

Front 149

dissemble

Back 149

V. /伪装，做作，掩饰/disguise; pretend. Even though John tried to dissemble his motive for taking modern dance, we all knew he was there not to dance but to meet girls.

Front 150

disseminate

Back 150

V. /分发，扩散，散布/distribute; spread; scatter (like seeds). By their use of the Internet, propagandists have been able to disseminate their pet doctrines to new audiences around the globe.

Front 151

dissent

Back 151

V. /反对/disagree. In the recent Supreme Court decision, Justice O'Connor dissented from the majority opinion. also N.

Front 152

dissertation

Back 152

N. /论文（博士生）/formal essay. In order to earn a graduate degree from many of our universities, a candidate is fre?quently required to prepare a dissertation on some schol?arly subject.

Front 153

dissident

Back 153

ADJ. /持不同意见的；难于对付的/dissenting; rebellious. In the purge that fol?lowed the student demonstrations at Tiananmen Square, the government hunted down the dissident students and their supporters. also N.

Front 154

dissimulate

Back 154

V. /伪装，做作，掩饰/pretend; conceal by feigning. She tried to dissimulate her grief by her exuberant attitude.

Front 155

dissipate

Back 155

V. /驱散，消散；浪费/squander; waste; scatter. He is a fine artist, but I fear he may dissipate his gifts if he keeps wasting his time playing games.

Front 156

dissolute

Back 156

ADJ. /放纵，挥霍/loose in morals. The dissolute life led by the ancient Romans is indeed shocking.

Front 157

dissolution

Back 157

N. /解散；终止；解体/breaking of a union; decay; termination. Which caused King Lear more suffering: the dissolution of his kingdom into warring factions, or the dissolution of his aged, failing body?

Front 158

dissonance

Back 158

N. /不和谐的（声音）/discord. Composer Charles Ives often used dissonance-clashing or unresolved chords-for special effects in his musical works.

Front 159

dissuade

Back 159

V. /劝阻；使灰心/persuade not to do; discourage. Since Tom could not dissuade Huck from running away from home, he decided to run away with him. dissuasion, N.

Front 160

distant

Back 160

ADJ. /冷漠的；远离的/reserved or aloof; cold in manner. His distant greeting made me feel unwelcome from the start. (sec?ondary meaning)

Front 161

distend

Back 161

V. /扩大；扩张/expand; swell out. I can tell when he is under stress by the way the veins distend on his forehead.

Front 162

distill

Back 162

V. /蒸馏；萃取，提炼，提纯/extract the essence; purify; refine. A moonshiner distills mash into whiskey; an epigrammatist distills thoughts into quips.

Front 163

distinction

Back 163

N. /出名；出格/honor; contrast; discrimination. A holder of the Medal of Honor, George served with great distinction in World War II. He made a distinction, however, between World War II and Vietnam, which he considered an immoral conflict.

Front 164

distort

Back 164

V. /扭曲，歪曲/twist out of shape. It is difficult to believe the newspaper accounts of the riots because of the way some reporters distort and exaggerate the actual events. distor?tion, N.

Front 165

distraught

Back 165

ADJ. /使悲伤；使焦虑/upset; distracted by anxiety. The dis?traught parents frantically searched the ravine for their lost child.

Front 166

diurnal

Back 166

ADJ. /日常的/daily. A farmer cannot neglect his diurnal tasks at any time; cows, for example, must be milked regularly.

Front 167

diva

Back 167

N. /著名女歌唱家，天后；歌剧女主角/operatic singer; prima donna. Although world famous as a diva, she did not indulge in fits of tempera?ment. ..

Front 168

diverge

Back 168

V. /多样的；各异的/vary; go in different directions from the same point. The spokes of the wheel diverge from the hub.

Front 169

divergent

Back 169

ADJ. /分歧的/differing; deviating. Since graduating from medical school, the two doctors have taken divergent paths, one going on to become a nationally prominent sur?geon, the other dedicating himself to a small family practice in his home town. divergence, N.

Front 170

diverse

Back 170

ADJ. /丰富多样的/differing in some characteristics; various. The professor suggested diverse ways of approaching the assignment and recommended that we choose one of them. diversity, N.

Front 171

diversion

Back 171

N. /转移；解闷/act of turning aside; pastime. After studying for several hours, he needed a diversion from work. divert,V.

Front 172

diversity

Back 172

N. /多样性/variety; dissimilitude. The diversity of colleges in this country indicates that many levels of ability are being cared for.

Front 173

divest

Back 173

V. /剥夺/strip; deprive. He was divested of his power to act and could no longer govern. divestiture, N.

Front 174

divine

Back 174

V. /运用直觉，超能力；预见/perceive intuitively; foresee the future. Nothing infuriated Tom more than Aunt Polly's ability to divine when he was telling the truth.

Front 175

divulge

Back 175

V. /揭开，暴露/reveal. No lover of gossip, Charlotte would never divulge anything that a friend told her in confidence.

Front 176

docile

Back 176

ADJ. /驯服的，听话的；善良的/obedient; easily managed. As docile as he seems today, that old lion was once a ferocious, snarling beast. docility, N.

Front 177

doctrinaire

Back 177

ADJ. /教条的；顽固的/unable to compromise about points of doctrine; dogmatic; unyielding. Weng had hoped that the student-led democracy movement might bring about change in China, but the repressive response of the doctri?naire hard-liners crushed his dreams of democracy.

Front 178

doctrine

Back 178

N. /教育；学说/teachings, in general; particular principle (reli?gious, legal, etc.) taught. He was so committed to the doc?trines of his faith that he was unable to evaluate them impartially.

Front 179

document

Back 179

V. /书面证明/provide written evidence. She kept all the receipts from her business trip in order to document her expenses for the firm. also N.

Front 180

doff

Back 180

V. /脱/take off. A gentleman used to doff his hat to a lady.

Front 181

dogged

Back 181

ADJ. /顽固的；顽强的/determined; stubborn. Les Miserables tells of Inspector Javert's long, dogged pursuit of the criminal Jean Valjean.

Front 182

doggerel

Back 182

N. /打油诗/poor verse. Although we find occasional snatches of genuine poetry in her work, most of her writing is mere doggerel.

Front 183

dogmatic

Back 183

ADJ. /独断的，教条的，固执的/opinionated; arbitrary; doctrinal. We tried to discourage Doug from being so dogmatic, but never could convince him that his opinions might be wrong.

Front 184

doldrums

Back 184

N. /忧郁，悲伤/blues; listlessness; slack period. Once the excitement of meeting her deadline was over, she found herself in the doldrums.

Front 185

doleful

Back 185

ADJ. /悲伤/sorrowful. He found the doleful lamentations of the bereaved family emotionally disturbing and he left as quickly as he could.

Front 186

dolt

Back 186

N. /愚蠢的人，蠢货/stupid person. I thought I was talking to a mature audience; instead, I find myself addressing a pack of dolts and idiots.

Front 187

domicile

Back 187

N. /家/home. Although his legal domicile was in New York City, his work kept him away from his residence for many years. alsoV.

Front 188

domineer

Back 188

V. /暴力压制/rule over tyrannically. Students prefer teach?ers who guide, not ones who domineer.

Front 189

don

Back 189

V. /穿上/put on. When Clark Kent has to don his Superman outfit, he changes clothes in a convenient phone booth.

Front 190

doodle

Back 190

V. /涂鸦；浪费时间/scribble or draw aimlessly; waste time. Art's teachers scolded him when he doodled all over the margins of his papers.

Front 191

dormant

Back 191

ADJ. /睡着的；隐匿的/sleeping; lethargic; latent. At fifty her long?dormant ambition to write flared up once more; within a year she had completed the first of her great historical novels.

Front 192

dormer

Back 192

N. /天窗/window projecting from roof. In remodeling the attic into a bedroom, we decided that we needed to put in dormers to provide sufficient ventilation for the new room.

Front 193

dossier

Back 193

N. /档案，资料/file of documents on a subject. Ordered by J. Edgar Hoover to investigate the senator, the FBI compiled a complete dossieron him.

Front 194

dote

Back 194

V. /昏聩；溺爱/be excessively fond of; show signs of mental decline. Not only grandmothers bore you with stories about their brilliant grandchildren; grandfathers dote on the little rascals, too. Poor old Alf clearly doted: the senile old dotard was past it; in fact, he was in his dotage.

Front 195

douse

Back 195

V. /浸泡；弄湿；弄灭/plunge into water; drench; extinguish. They doused each other with hoses and water balloons.

Front 196

dowdy

Back 196

ADJ. /邋遢的；衣衫不整/slovenly; untidy. She tried to change her dowdy image by buying a new fashionable wardrobe.

Front 197

downcast

Back 197

ADJ. /沮丧/disheartened; sad. Cheerful and optimistic by nature, Beth was never downcast despite the difficulties she faced.

Front 198

drab

Back 198

ADJ. /迟钝的；单调的/dull; lacking color; cheerless. The Dutch woman's drab winter coat contrasted with the distinctive, colorful native costume she wore beneath it.

Front 199

draconian

Back 199

ADJ. /极其严重/extremely severe. When the principal can?celed the senior prom because some seniors had been late to school that week, we thought the draconian punish?ment was far too harsh for such a minor violation of the rules.

Front 200

dregs

Back 200

N. /沉淀物；残渣/sediment; worthless residue. David poured the wine carefully to avoid stirring up the dregs.

Front 201

drivel

Back 201

N. /胡言乱语；愚蠢/nonsense; foolishness. Why do I have to spend my days listening to such idiotic drivel? Drivel is related to dribble: think of a dribbling, driveling idiot.

Front 202

droll

Back 202

ADJ. /滑稽可笑；离奇古怪，怪里怪气/queer and amusing. He was a popular guest because his droll anecdotes were always entertaining.

Front 203

drone

Back 203

N. /闲人；雄蜂/idle person; male bee. Content to let his wife support him, the would-be writer was in reality nothing but a drone.

Front 204

drone

Back 204

V. /嗡嗡声；语气呆板的声音/talk dully; buzz or murmur like a bee. On a gor?geous day, who wants to be stuck in a classroom listening to the teacher drone ?

Front 205

dross

Back 205

N. /渣滓，废物/waste matter; worthless impurities. Many meth?ods have been devised to separate the valuable metal from the dross.

Front 206

drudgery

Back 206

N. /苦差事，苦工/menial work. Cinderella's fairy godmother res?cued her from a life of drudgery.

Front 207

dubious

Back 207

ADJ. /可疑的/questionable; filled with doubt. Many critics of SAT I contend the test is of dubious worth. Jay claimed he could get a perfect 1600 on SAT I, but Ellen was dubi?ous: she knew he hadn't cracked a book in three years.

Front 208

ductile

Back 208

ADJ. /柔软的，有韧性/malleable; flexible; pliable. Copper is an extremely ductile material: you can stretch it into the thinnest of wires, bend it, even wind it into loops.

Front 209

dulcet

Back 209

ADJ. /甜美的（声音）/sweet sounding. The dulcet sounds of the birds at dawn were soon drowned out by the roar of traffic passing our motel.

Front 210

dumbfound

Back 210

V. /使人惊讶/astonish. Egbert's perfect 1600 on his SAT I exam dumbfounded his classmates, who had always found him to be perfectly dumb.

Front 211

dupe

Back 211

N. /易被开涮的人/someone easily fooled. While the gullible Watson often was made a dupe by unscrupulous parties, Sherlock Holmes was far more difficult to fool. alsoV.

Front 212

duplicity

Back 212

N. /奸诈，狡猾；伪善；两面三刀，两面派/double-dealing; hypocrisy. When Tanya learned that Mark had been two-timing her, she was furious at his duplicity.

Front 213

duration

Back 213

N. /持续时间/length of time something lasts. Because she wanted the children to make a good impression on the din?ner guests, Mother promised them a treat if they'd behave for the duration of the meal.

Front 214

duress

Back 214

N. /（非法的）限制，关押/forcible restraint, especially unlawfully. The hostages were held under duress until the prisoners' demands were met.

Front 215

dutiful

Back 215

ADJ. /恭敬的；尊重的/respectful; obedient. When Mother told Billy to kiss Great-Aunt Hattie, the boy obediently gave the old woman a dutiful peck on her cheek.

Front 216

dwarf

Back 216

V. /使看上去矮小/cause to seem small. The giant redwoods and high cliffs dwarfed the elegant Ahwahnee Hotel, making it appear a modest lodge rather than an imposing hostelry.

Front 217

dwindle

Back 217

V. /缩水；减少/shrink; reduce. The food in the life boat gradu?ally dwindled away to nothing; in the end, they ate the ship's cook.

Front 218

dynamic

Back 218

ADJ. /充满活力的/energetic; vigorously active. The dynamic aerobics instructor kept her students on the run; she was a little dynamo.

Front 219

earthy

Back 219

ADJ. /粗糙的；未加工的/unrefined; coarse. His earthy remarks often embarrassed the women in his audience.

Front 220

ebb

Back 220

V. /衰退/recede; lessen. Sitting on the beach, Mrs. Dalloway watched the tide ebb: the waters receded, drawing away from her as she sat there all alone. also N.

Front 221

ebullient

Back 221

ADJ. /热情的，激动的/showing excitement; overflowing with enthu?siasm. Amy's ebullient nature could not be repressed; she' was always bubbling over with excitement. ebullience, N.

Front 222

eccentric

Back 222

ADJ. /古怪的，奇怪的/irregular; odd; whimsical; bizarre. The comet veered dangerously close to the earth in its eccentric orbit. People came up with some eccentric ideas for deal?ing with the emergency: someone even suggested tieing a knot in the comet's tail!

Front 223

eccentricity

Back 223

N. /怪僻，古怪；特性/oddity; idiosyncrasy. Some of his friends tried to account for his rudeness to strangers as the eccen?tricity of genius.

Front 224

ecclesiastic

Back 224

ADJ. /神职的/pertaining to the church. The minister donned his ecclesiastic garb and walked to the pulpit. also N.

Front 225

eclectic

Back 225

ADJ. /折衷的/composed of elements drawn from dis?parate sources. His style of interior decoration was eclec?tic: bits and pieces of furnishings from widely divergent periods, strikingly juxtaposed to create a unique decor. eclecticism, N.

Front 226

eclipse

Back 226

V. /超越；衰落；失色/darken; extinguish; surpass. The new stock market high eclipsed the previous record set in 1995.

Front 227

ecologist

Back 227

N. /生态学家/a person concerned with the interrelationship between living organisms and their environment. The ecolo?gist was concerned that the new dam would upset the nat?ural balance of the creatures living in Glen Canyon.

Front 228

economy

Back 228

N. /俭省节约的，经济的/efficiency or conciseness in using something. Reading the epigrams of Pope, I admire the economy of his verse: in few words he conveys worlds of meaning. (sec-ondary meaning)

Front 229

ecstasy

Back 229

N. /全神贯注，入迷，高兴/rapture; joy; any overpowering emotion. When Allison received her long-hoped-for letter of acceptance from Harvard, she was in ecstasy. ecstatic,ADJ.

Front 230

eddy

Back 230

N. /漩涡/swirling current of water, air, etc. The water in the tide pool was still, except for an occasional eddy.

Front 231

edict

Back 231

N. /法令，号令；布告/decree (especially issued by a sovereign); official command. The emperor issued an edict decreeing that everyone should come see him model his magnificent new clothes.

Front 232

edify

Back 232

V. /教导；启迪，陶冶/instruct; correct morally. Although his purpose was to edify and not to entertain his audience, many of his listeners were amused rather than enlightened.

Front 233

eerie

Back 233

ADJ. /怪异的/weird. In that eerie setting, it was easy to believe in ghosts and other supernatural beings.

Front 234

efface

Back 234

V. /抹掉/rub out. The coin had been handled so many times that its date had been effaced.

Front 235

effectual

Back 235

ADJ. /有效的/able to produce a desired effect; valid. Medical researchers are concerned because of the devel?opment of drug-resistant strains of bacteria; many once useful antibiotics are no longer effectual in curing bacterial infections.

Front 236

effervescence

Back 236

N. /泡腾，沸腾；兴奋，活泼/inner excitement or exuberance; bub?bling from fermentation or carbonation. Nothing depressed Sue for long; her natural effervescence soon reasserted itself. Soda that loses its effervescence goes flat. efferves?cent,

Front 237

efficacy

Back 237

N. /功效/power to produce desired effect. The efficacy of this drug depends on the regularity of the dosage. effica?cious,ADJ.

Front 238

effigy

Back 238

N. /假人（被人憎恨的，如秦桧）/dummy. The mob showed its irritation by hanging the judge in effigy.

Front 239

effrontery

Back 239

N. /厚颜无耻/shameless boldness. She had the effrontery to insult the guest.

Front 240

effusive

Back 240

ADJ. /激情澎湃的/pouring forth; gushing. Her effusive manner of greeting her friends finally began to irritate them. effu?sion, N.

Front 241

egoism

Back 241

N. /自我中心，利己主义/excessive interest in one's self; belief that one should be interested in one's self rather than in others. His egoism prevented him from seeing the needs of his col-leagues.

Front 242

egotistical

Back 242

ADJ. /极度自我中心；自以为是，逞能/excessively self-centered; self-important; conceited. Typical egotistical remark: "But enough of this chit-chat about you and your little problems. Let's talk about what's really important: Me!"

Front 243

egregious

Back 243

ADJ. /及其令人痛恨的，声名狼藉；令人吃惊的/notorious; conspicuously bad or shocking. She was an egregious liar; we all knew better than to believe a word she said. Ed's housekeeping was egregious: he let his dirty dishes pile up so long that they were stuck together with last week's food.

Front 244

egress

Back 244

N. /出口/exit. Barnum's sign "To the Egress" fooled many people who thought they were going to see an animal and instead found themselves in the street.

Front 245

ejaculation

Back 245

N. /迸出；惊叹/exclamation. He could not repress an ejacu?lation of surprise when he heard the news.

Front 246

elaboration

Back 246

N. /细节；复杂/addition of details; intricacy. Tell what hap?pened simply, without any elaboration. elaborate,V.

Front 247

elated

Back 247

ADJ. /过分高兴的；兴高采烈/overjoyed; in high spirits. Grinning from ear to ear, Bonnie Blair was clearly elated by her fifth Olympic gold medal. elation, N.

Front 248

elegy

Back 248

N. /挽歌，悲歌/poem or song expressing lamentation. On the death of Edward King, Milton composed the elegy "Lyci?das." elegiacal,ADJ.

Front 249

elicit

Back 249

V. /得出/draw out by discussion. The detectives tried to elicit where he had hidden his loot.

Front 250

elixir

Back 250

N. /包治百病，万能药/cure-all; something invigorating. The news of her chance to go abroad acted on her like an elixir.

Front 251

ellipsis

Back 251

N. /省略/omission of words from a text. Sometimes an ellipsis can lead to a dangling modifier, as in the sentence "Once dressed, you should refrigerate the potato salad."

Front 252

elliptical

Back 252

ADJ. /椭圆的；有意模棱两可的/oval; ambiguous, either purposely or because key words have been left out. An elliptical billiard ball wobbles because it is not perfectly round; an elliptical remark baffles because it is not perfectly clear.

Front 253

eloquence

Back 253

N. /雄辩；修辞/expressiveness; persuasive speech. The crowds were stirred by Martin Luther King's eloquence. elo?quent,ADJ.

Front 254

elucidate

Back 254

V. /解释；启迪/explain; enlighten. He was called upon to elu?cidate the disputed points in his article.

Front 255

elusive

Back 255

ADJ. /难懂的，难捉摸的；令人困惑的/evasive; baffling; hard to grasp. Trying to pin down exactly when the contractors would be finished remodeling the house, Nancy was frustrated by their elusive replies. elude,V.

Front 256

emaciated

Back 256

ADJ. /瘦弱的，脆弱的/thin and wasted. His long period of starva?tion had left him emaciated.

Front 257

emanate

Back 257

V. /散发，发出/issue forth. A strong odor of sulphur emanated from the spring.

Front 258

emancipate

Back 258

V. /释放，解放/set free. At first, the attempts of the Aboli?tionists to emancipate the slaves were unpopular in New England as well as in the South.

Front 259

embargo

Back 259

N. /禁运/ban on commerce or other activity. As a result of the embargo, trade with the colonies was at a standstill.

Front 260

embark

Back 260

V. /开始旅程，开始，登机，上船，上车/commence; go on board a boat or airplane; begin a journey. In devoting herself to the study of gorillas, Dian Fossey embarked on a course of action that was to cost her her life.

Front 261

embed

Back 261

V. /封装，嵌入，插入/enclose; place in something. Tales of actual his?torical figures like King Alfred have become embedded in legends.

Front 262

embellish

Back 262

V. /装饰/adorn; ornament. The costume designer embellished the leading lady's ball gown with yards and yards of ribbon and lace.

Front 263

embezzlement

Back 263

N. /偷窃，侵占/stealing. The bank teller confessed his embezzlement of the funds.

Front 264

embody

Back 264

V. /具体化；包含，收录/personify; make concrete; incorporate. Cheer?ing on his rival Mark McGwire's efforts to break Roger Maris's home run record, Sammy Sosa embodied the spirit of true sportsmanship.

Front 265

embrace

Back 265

V. /拥抱；接受，包含/hug; adopt or espouse; accept readily; encir?cle; include. Clasping Maid Marian in his arms, Robin Hood embraced her lovingly. In joining the outlaws in Sherwood Forest, she had openly embraced their cause.

Front 266

embroider

Back 266

V. /镶边，绣花；添油加醋/decorate with needlework; ornament with fancy or fictitious details. For her mother's birthday, Beth embroidered a lovely design on a handkerchief. When asked what made her late getting home, Jo embroidered her account with tales of runaway horses and rescuing peo?ple from a ditch. embroidery, N.

Front 267

embroil

Back 267

V. /连累，牵连；使其混乱，麻烦缠身/throw into confusion; involve in strife; entangle. He became embroiled in the heated discussion when he tried to arbitrate the dispute.

Front 268

embryonic

Back 268

ADJ. /胚胎的；未开发的，原始的/undeveloped; rudimentary. The evil of class and race hatred must be eliminated while it is still in an embry?onic state; otherwise, it may grow to dangerous proportions. emend

Front 269

emendation

Back 269

N. /改进；修订/correction of errors; improvement. Please initial all the emendations you have made in this contract.

Front 270

eminent

Back 270

ADJ. /高的/high; lofty. After his appointment to this emi?nent position, he seldom had time for his former friends.

Front 271

emissary

Back 271

N. /代理；信使，使者/agent; messenger. The secretary of state was sent as the president's special emissary to the conference on disarmament.

Front 272

emollient

Back 272

N. /缓和，安抚/soothing or softening remedy. The nurse applied an emollientto the inflamed area. alsoADJ.

Front 273

empathy

Back 273

N. /移情作用，心入/ability to identify with another's feelings, ideas, etc. What made Ann such a fine counselor was her empa?thy, her ability to put herself in her client's place and feel his emotions as if they were her own. empathize,V.

Front 274

empirical

Back 274

ADJ. /经验主义/based on experience. He distrusted hunches and intuitive flashes; he placed his reliance entirely on empirical data.

Front 275

emulate

Back 275

V. /仿效；抗衡/imitate; rival. In a brief essay, describe a person you admire, someone whose virtues you would like to emulate.

Front 276

enamored

Back 276

ADJ. /爱情的；坠入爱河的/in love. Narcissus became enamored of his own beauty.

Front 277

encipher

Back 277

V. /编码/encode; convert a message into code. One of Bond's first lessons was how to encipher the messages he sent to Miss Moneypenny so that none of his other lady friends could decipher them.

Front 278

enclave

Back 278

N. /飞地/territory enclosed within an alien land. The Vati?can is an independent enclave in Italy.

Front 279

encomium

Back 279

N. /赞美之词/high praise; eulogy. Uneasy with the encomiums expressed by his supporters, Tolkien felt unworthy of such high praise.

Front 280

encompass

Back 280

V. /包围/surround. Although we were encompassed by enemy forces, we were cheerful for we were well stocked and could withstand a siege until our allies joined us.

Front 281

encroachment

Back 281

N. /侵蚀；“和平演变”/gradual intrusion. The encroachment of the factories upon the neighborhood lowered the value of the real estate.

Front 282

encumber

Back 282

V. /拖累，负担/burden. Some people encumber themselves with too much luggage when they take short trips.

Front 283

endearment

Back 283

N. /爱慕；爱的表示/fond statement. Your gifts and endear?ments cannot make me forget your earlier insolence.

Front 284

endemic

Back 284

ADJ. /地方的；小范围内流行/prevailing among a specific group of people or in a specific area or country. This disease is endemic in this part of the world; more than 80 percent of the popula?tion are at one time or another affected by it.

Front 285

endorse

Back 285

V. /认可，默许；支持/approve; support. Everyone waited to see which one of the rival candidates for the city council the mayor would endorse. (secondary meaning) endorsement, N.

Front 286

enduring

Back 286

ADJ. /持久的；不朽的/lasting; surviving. Keats believed in the enduring power of great art, which would outlast its cre?ators' brief lives.

Front 287

energize

Back 287

V. /鼓舞/invigorate; make forceful and active. Rather than exhausting Maggie, dancing energized her.

Front 288

enervate

Back 288

V. /使变弱/weaken. She was slow to recover from her ill?ness; even a short walk to the window would enervate her.

Front 289

enfranchise

Back 289

V. /赋予公民权（投票权）/to admit to the rights of citizenship (espe?cially the right to vote). Although Blacks were enfranchised shortly after the Civil War, women did not receive the right to vote until 1920.

Front 290

engage

Back 290

V. /吸引；雇佣；答应；结合；订婚/attract; hire; pledge oneself; confront. "Your case has engaged my interest, my lord," said Holmes. "You may engage my services."

Front 291

engaging

Back 291

ADJ. /有魅力的，有吸引力的/charming; attractive. Everyone liked Nancy's pleasant manners and engaging personality.

Front 292

engender

Back 292

V. /产生，导致/cause; produce. To receive praise for real accomplishments engenders self-confidence in a child.

Front 293

engross

Back 293

V. /独占/occupy fully. John was so engrossed in his studies that he did not hear his mother call.

Front 294

enhance

Back 294

V. /增加；改进/increase; improve. You can enhance your chances of being admitted to the college of your choice by learning to write well; an excellent essay can enhance any application.

Front 295

enigma

Back 295

N. /谜/puzzle; mystery. "What do women want?" asked Dr. Sigmund Freud. Their behavior was an enigma to him.

Front 296

enigmatic

Back 296

ADJ. /朦胧的；谜一样的/obscure; puzzling. Many have sought to fathom the enigmatic smile of the Mona Lisa.

Front 297

enmity

Back 297

N. /憎恨；仇恨/ill will; hatred. At Camp David, President Carter labored to bring an end to the enmity that prevented the peaceful coexistence of Egypt and Israel.

Front 298

ennui

Back 298

N. /厌倦/boredom. The monotonous routine of hospital life induced a feeling of ennui that made him moody and irritable.

Front 299

enormity

Back 299

N. /巨大的，严重的，极恶劣/hugeness (in a bad sense). He did not realize the enormity of his crime until he saw what suffering he had caused.

Front 300

enrapture

Back 300

V. /使其狂喜/please intensely. The audience was enrap?tured by the freshness of the voices and the excellent orchestration.

Front 301

ensconce

Back 301

V. /安排妥当/settle comfortably. Now that their children were ensconced safely in the private school, the jet-setting parents decided to leave for Europe.

Front 302

ensemble

Back 302

N. /全体；歌舞团；套装/group of (supporting) players; organic unity; costume. As a dancer with the Oakland Ballet, Benjamin enjoyed being part of the ensemble. Having acted with one another for well over a decade, the cast members have developed a true sense of ensemble: They work together seamlessly. Mitzi wore a charming two-piece ensemble designed by Donna Karan.

Front 303

entail

Back 303

V. /要求，需要；牵涉到/require; necessitate; involve. Building a college?level vocabulary will entail some work on your part.

Front 304

enterprising

Back 304

ADJ. /有魄力/full of initiative. By coming up with fresh ways to market the company's products, Mike proved him?self to be an enterprising businessman.

Front 305

enthrall

Back 305

V. /俘获/capture; enslave. From the moment he saw her picture, he was enthralled by her beauty.

Front 306

entice

Back 306

V. /吸引；引诱/lure; attract; tempt. She always tried to entice her baby brother into mischief.

Front 307

entitlement

Back 307

N. /权利/right to claim something; right to benefits. While Bill was entitled to use a company car while he worked for the firm, the company's lawyers questioned his entitlement to the vehicle once he'd quit his job.

Front 308

entity

Back 308

N. /实体/real being. As soon as the Charter was adopted, the United Nations became an entity and had to be consid?ered as a factor in world diplomacy.

Front 309

entomology

Back 309

N. /昆虫学/study of insects. Kent found entomology the most annoying part of his biology course; studying insects bugged him.

Front 310

entourage

Back 310

N. /随从，随行人员/group of attendants; retinue. Surrounded by the members of his entourage, the mayor hurried into city hall, shouting a brusque "No comment!" to the reporters lin?ing the steps.

Front 311

entrance

Back 311

V. /使其着迷；使其神志恍惚/put under a spell; carry away with emotion. Shafts of sunlight on a wall could entrance her and leave her spellbound.

Front 312

entreat

Back 312

V. /恳求/plead; ask earnestly. She entreated her father to let her stay out till midnight.

Front 313

entrepreneur

Back 313

N. /商人，企业家，承包人/businessman; contractor. Opponents of our present tax program argue that it discourages entrepre?neurs from trying new fields of business activity.

Front 314

enumerate

Back 314

V. /枚举/list; mention one by one. Huck hung his head in shame as Miss Watson enumerated his many flaws.

Front 315

enunciate

Back 315

V. /阐明/speak distinctly. Stop mumbling! How will people understand you if you do not enunciate?

Front 316

eon

Back 316

N. /时代/long period of time; an age. It has taken eons for our civilization to develop.

Front 317

ephemeral

Back 317

ADJ. /朝生暮死，短暂，短命/short-lived; fleeting. The mayfly is an ephemeral creature: its adult life lasts little more than a day.

Front 318

epic

Back 318

N. /史诗；剧作/long heroic poem, or similar work of art. Kuro?sawa's film Seven Samurai is an epic portraying the strug?gle of seven warriors to destroy a band of robbers. alsoADJ.

Front 319

epicure

Back 319

N. /老饕；享乐主义者/connoisseur of food and drink. Epicures fre?quent this restaurant because it features exotic wines and dishes. epicurean,ADJ.

Front 320

epigram

Back 320

N. /警句；讽刺民谣/witty thought or saying, usually short. Poor Richard's epigrams made Benjamin Franklin famous.

Front 321

epilogue

Back 321

N. /尾声；收场白/short speech at conclusion of dramatic work. The audience was so disappointed in the play that many did not remain to hear the epilogue.

Front 322

episodic

Back 322

ADJ. /插曲式的/loosely connected; divided into incidents. Though he tried to follow the plot of Gravity's Rainbow, John found the novel too episodic; he enjoyed individual pas?sages, but had trouble following the work as a whole.

Front 323

epistolary

Back 323

ADJ. /书信的/consisting of letters. Mark Harris's Wake Up, Stupid! is a modern epistolary novel that uses letters, telegrams, and newspaper clippings to tell the hero's story. The movie You've Got Mail tells a story using e-mail; does that make it an e-pistolary movie? epistle, N.

Front 324

epitaph

Back 324

N. /墓志铭，挽联/inscription in memory of a dead person. In his will, he dictated the epitaph he wanted placed on his tomb?stone.

Front 325

epithet

Back 325

N. /绰号/word or phrase characteristically used to describe a person or thing. So many kings of France were named Charles that you could tell them apart only by their epithets: Charles the Wise was someone far different from Charles the Fat.

Front 326

epitome

Back 326

N. /典型，摘要/perfect example or embodiment. Singing "I am the very model of a modern Major-General," in The Pirates of Penzance, Major-General Stanley proclaimed himself the epitome of an officer and a gentleman.

Front 327

epoch

Back 327

N. /时代/period of time. The glacial epoch lasted for thou?sands of years.

Front 328

equable

Back 328

ADJ. /平静的，均衡的，稳定的/tranquil; steady; uniform. After the hot sum?mers and cold winters of New England, he found the cli?mate of the West Indies equable and pleasant.

Front 329

equanimity

Back 329

N. /镇定/calmness of temperament; composure. Even the inevitable strains of caring for an ailing mother did not disturb Bea's equanimity.

Front 330

equestrian

Back 330

N. /骑师/rider on horseback. These paths in the park are reserved for equestrians and their steeds. alsoADJ.

Front 331

equilibrium

Back 331

N. /平衡/balance. After the divorce, he needed some time to regain his equilibrium.

Front 332

equine

Back 332

ADJ. /似马的/resembling a horse. His long, bony face had an equine look to it.

Front 333

equinox

Back 333

N. /昼夜平分点，春分，秋分/period of equal days and nights; the beginning of Spring and Autumn. The vernal equinox is usually marked by heavy rainstorms.

Front 334

equitable

Back 334

ADJ. /公平的，公允的/fair; impartial. I am seeking an equitable solution to this dispute, one that will be fair and acceptable to both sides.

Front 335

equity

Back 335

N. /公平，公正/fairness; justice. Our courts guarantee equity to all.

Front 336

equivocal

Back 336

ADJ. /蓄意误导；含混，模棱两可/ambiguous; intentionally misleading. Rejecting the candidate's equivocal comments on tax reform, the reporters pressed him to state clearly where he stood on the issue. equivocate,V.

Front 337

equivocate

Back 337

V. /撒谎；误导/lie; mislead; attempt to conceal the truth. The audience saw through his attempts to equivocate on the subject under discussion and ridiculed his remarks.

Front 338

erode

Back 338

V. /侵蚀/eat away. The limestone was eroded by the drip?ping water until only a thin shell remained. erosion, N.

Front 339

erotic

Back 339

ADJ. /激情的/pertaining to passionate love. The erotic pas?sages in this novel should be removed as they are merely pornographic.

Front 340

erratic

Back 340

ADJ. /奇怪的；不可预测的/odd; unpredictable. Investors become anxious when the stock market appears erratic.

Front 341

erroneous

Back 341

ADJ. /错误/mistaken; wrong. I thought my answer was correct, but it was erroneous.

Front 342

erudite

Back 342

ADJ. /博学的/learned; scholarly. Though his fellow students thought him erudite, Paul knew he would have to spend many years in serious study before he could consider him?self a scholar.

Front 343

escapade

Back 343

N. /胡闹；奇怪、出格的行为/prank; flighty conduct. The headmaster could not regard this latest escapade as a boyish joke and expelled the young man.

Front 344

escapism

Back 344

N. /逃避现实，纸醉金迷/avoiding reality by diverting oneself with amusements. Before you criticize her constant reading as mere escapism, note how greatly her vocabulary has improved since she began spending her days buried in books.

Front 345

eschew

Back 345

V. /避免/avoid. Hoping to present himself to his girlfriend as a totally reformed character, he tried to eschew all the vices, especially chewing tobacco and drinking bathtub gin.

Front 346

esoteric

Back 346

ADJ. /难以理解的，深奥的/hard to understand; known only to the cho?sen few. The New Yorker short stories often include esoteric allusions to obscure people and events: the implication is, if you are in the in-crowd, you'll get the reference; if you come from Cleveland, you won't.

Front 347

espionage

Back 347

N. /间谍行为/Spying. In order to maintain its power, the government developed a system of espionage that pene?trated every household.

Front 348

espouse

Back 348

V. /接受，支持/adopt; support. She was always ready to espouse a worthy cause.

Front 349

esteem

Back 349

V. /尊重；估价/respect; value. Jill esteemed Jack's taste in music, but she deplored his taste in clothes.

Front 350

estranged

Back 350

ADJ. /分离的；孤立的/separated; alienated. The estranged wife sought a divorce. estrangement, N.

Front 351

ethereal

Back 351

ADJ. /轻的，空气的；像天堂的/light; heavenly; unusually refined. In Shake?speare's The Tempest, the spirit Ariel is an ethereal crea?ture, too airy and unearthly for our mortal world.

Front 352

ethnic

Back 352

ADJ. /种族的/relating to races. Intolerance between ethnic groups is deplorable and usually is based on lack of infor?mation.

Front 353

ethos

Back 353

N. /社会精神特质，思潮，风气；气质/underlying character of a culture, group, etc. Seeing how tenderly ordinary Spaniards treated her small daughter made author Barbara Kingsolver aware of how greatly children were valued in the Spanish ethos.

Front 354

etymology

Back 354

N. /语源学/study of word parts. A knowledge of etymol?ogy can help you on many English tests: if you know what the roots and prefixes mean, you can determine the mean?ings of unfamiliar words.

Front 355

eulogy

Back 355

N. /颂词；赞美词/expression of praise, often on the occasion of someone's death. Instead of delivering a spoken eulogy at Genny's memorial service, Jeff sang a song he had written in her honor.

Front 356

euphemism

Back 356

N. /委婉的表达/mild expression in place of an unpleasant one. The expression "he passed away" is a euphemism for "he died."

Front 357

euphonious

Back 357

ADJ. /悦耳的/pleasing in sound. Euphonious even when spoken, the Italian language is particularly pleasing to the ear when sung. euphony. N.

Front 358

euphoria

Back 358

N. /非常愉快；病态的愉快，愉悦症/feeling of great happiness and well-being (sometimes exaggerated). Delighted with her SAT scores, sure that the university would accept her, Allison was filled with euphoria. euphoric,ADJ.

Front 359

evanescent

Back 359

ADJ. /消散的；凋零的/fleeting; vanishing. Brandon's satisfaction in his new job was evanescent, for he immediately began to notice its many drawbacks. evanescence, N.

Front 360

evasive

Back 360

ADJ. /逃避的/not frank; eluding. Your evasive answers con?vinced the judge that you were withholding important evi?dence. evade,V.

Front 361

evenhanded

Back 361

ADJ. /公平的/impartial; fair. Do men and women receive evenhanded treatment from their teachers, or, as recent studies suggest, do teachers pay more attention to male students than to females?

Front 362

evince

Back 362

V. /表示/show clearly. When he tried to answer the ques?tions, he evinced his ignorance of the subject matter.

Front 363

evocative

Back 363

ADJ. /唤起的/tending to call up (emotions, memories). Scent can be remarkably evocative: the aroma of pipe tobacco evokes the memory of my father; a whiff of talcum powder calls up images of my daughter as a child.

Front 364

ewe

Back 364

N. /母羊/female sheep. The flock of sheep was made up of dozens of ewes, together with only a handful of rams.

Front 365

exacerbate

Back 365

V. /恶化，加剧/worsen; embitter. The latest bombing exac?erbated England's already existing bitterness against the IRA, causing the prime minister to break off the peace talks abruptly.

Front 366

exacting

Back 366

ADJ. /苛刻的/extremely demanding. Cleaning the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel was an exacting task, one that demanded extremely meticulous care on the part of the restorers. exaction, N.

Front 367

exalt

Back 367

V. /晋升；赞扬/raise in rank or dignity; praise. The actor Alec Guinness was exalted to the rank of knighthood by the queen.

Front 368

exasperate

Back 368

V. /激怒/vex. Johnny often exasperates his mother with his pranks.

Front 369

exceptionable

Back 369

ADJ. /不可的，可反对的/objectionable. Do you find the punk rock band Green Day a highly exceptionable, thoroughly distasteful group, or do you think they are exceptionally tal?ented performers?

Front 370

excerpt

Back 370

N. /摘抄，摘录/selected passage (written or musical). The cin?ematic equivalent of an excerpt from a novel is a clip from a film. alsoV.

Front 371

excise

Back 371

V. /去除/cut away; cut out. When you excise the dead and dying limbs of a tree, you not only improve its appear?ance but also enhance its chances of bearing fruit. exci?sion. N.

Front 372

exclaim

Back 372

V. /呼喊，大叫/cry out suddenly. "Watson! Behind you!" Holmes exclaimed, seeing the assassin hurl himself on his friend.

Front 373

excoriate

Back 373

V. /责难，挖苦，批判；揭露/scold with biting harshness; strip the skin off. Seeing the holes in Bill's new pants, his mother furiously excoriated him for ruining his good clothes. The tight, starched collar chafed and excoriated his neck, rubbing it raw.

Front 374

exculpate

Back 374

V. /开脱，洗脱/clear from blame. He was exculpated of the crime when the real criminal confessed.

Front 375

execrable

Back 375

ADJ. /非常糟糕的/very bad. The anecdote was in such exe?crable taste that it revolted the audience.

Front 376

execute

Back 376

V. /执行，完成/put into effect; carry out. The choreographer wanted to see how well she could execute a pirouette. (sec?ondary meaning) execution, N.

Front 377

exegesis

Back 377

N. /解释，注解，通译/explanation; interpretation, especially of a bib?lical text. The minister based her sermon on her exegesis of a difficult passage from the book of Job. exegetical,ADJ.

Front 378

exemplary

Back 378

ADJ. /出色的；典范的；（杀鸡儆猴的）例子/serving as a model; outstanding. At com?mencement the dean praised Ellen for her exemplary behavior as class president.

Front 379

exemplify

Back 379

V. /作为典型；具体化/serve as an example of; embody. For a gen?eration of balletgoers, Rudolf Nureyev exemplified the ideal of masculine grace.

Front 380

exempt

Back 380

ADJ. /被免除的/not subject to a duty, obligation. Because of his flat feet, Foster was exempt from serving in the armed forces. alsoV.

Front 381

exertion

Back 381

N. /努力，尽力/effort; expenditure of much physical work. The exertion spent in unscrewing the rusty bolt left her exhausted.

Front 382

exhaustive

Back 382

ADJ. /彻底的，完全的/thorough; comprehensive. We have made an exhaustive study of all published SAT tests and are happy to share our research with you.

Front 383

exhilarating

Back 383

ADJ. /爽快的，使人愉快的/invigorating and refreshing; cheering. Though some of the hikers found tramping through the snow tiring, Jeffrey found the walk on the cold, crisp day exhilarating.

Front 384

exhort

Back 384

V. /劝诫，忠告/urge. The evangelist exhorted all the sinners in his audience to reform. exhortation, N.

Front 385

exhume

Back 385

V. /出土，发掘/dig out of the ground; remove from the grave. Could evidence that might identify the serial killer have been buried with his victim? To answer this question, the police asked the authorities for permission to exhume the victim's body.

Front 386

exigency

Back 386

N. /紧急情况/urgent situation. In this exigency, we must look for aid from our allies.

Front 387

exodus

Back 387

N. /离开，启程/departure. The exodus from the hot and stuffy city was particularly noticeable on Friday evenings.

Front 388

exonerate

Back 388

V. /开脱，免罪/acquit; exculpate. The defense team fever?ishly sought fresh evidence that might exonerate their client.

Front 389

exorbitant

Back 389

ADJ. /过度的/excessive. The people grumbled at his exor?bitant prices but paid them because he had a monopoly.

Front 390

exorcise

Back 390

V. /驱邪/drive out evil spirits. By incantation and prayer, the medicine man sought to exorcise the evil spirits which had taken possession of the young warrior.

Front 391

exotic

Back 391

ADJ. /陌生的，外来的，奇异的，异国情调/not native; strange. Because of his exotic headdress, he was followed in the streets by small children who laughed at his strange appearance.

Front 392

expansive

Back 392

ADJ. /扩张的；爽快的；广阔的/outgoing and sociable; broad and exten?sive; able to increase in size. Mr. Fezziwig was in an expan?sive humor, cheerfully urging his guests to join in the Christmas feast. Looking down on his expansive paunch, he sighed: if his belly expanded any further, he'd need an expansive waistline for his pants.

Front 393

expatriate

Back 393

N. /放逐；被放逐者/exile; someone who has withdrawn from his native land. Henry James was an American expatriate who settled in England.

Front 394

expedient

Back 394

ADJ. /合适的，有利的；策略性的/suitable; practical; politic. A pragmatic politician, he was guided by what was expedient rather than by what was ethical. expediency, N.

Front 395

expedite

Back 395

V. /加速，催促/hasten. Because we are on a tight schedule, we hope you will be able to expedite the delivery of our order. The more expeditious your response is, the happier we'll be.

Front 396

expenditure

Back 396

N. /支出，花费/payment or expense; output. When you are operating on an expense account, you must keep receipts for all your expenditures. If you don't save your receipts, you won't get repaid without the expenditure of a lot of energy arguing with the firm's accountants.

Front 397

expertise

Back 397

N. /专业知识，技能/specialized knowledge; expert skill. Although she was knowledgeable in a number of fields, she was hired for her particular expertise in computer programming.

Front 398

expiate

Back 398

V. /赎罪/make amends for (a sin). He tried to expiate his crimes by a full confession to the authorities.

Front 399

expletive

Back 399

N. /感叹词；咒骂/interjection; profane oath. The sergeant's remarks were filled with expletives that offended the new recruits.

Front 400

explicate

Back 400

V. /解释，澄清/explain; interpret; clarify. Harry Levin expli?cated James Joyce's often bewildering novels with such clarity that even Finnegan's Wake seemed comprehensible to his students.

Front 401

explicit

Back 401

ADJ. /清晰的；坦率的/totally clear; definite; outspoken. Don't just hint around that you're dissatisfied: be explicit about what's bugging you.

Front 402

exploit

Back 402

N. /壮举/deed or action, particularly a brave deed. Raoul Wallenberg was noted for his exploits in rescuing Jews from Hitler's forces.

Front 403

exploit

Back 403

V. /开发，开拓/make use of, sometimes unjustly. Cesar Chavez fought attempts to exploit migrant farmworkers in California. exploitation,

Front 404

expository

Back 404

ADJ. /解释性的/explanatory; serving to explain. The man?ual that came with my VCR was no masterpiece of exposi?tory prose: its explanations were so garbled that I couldn't even figure out how to rewind a tape. exposition, N.

Front 405

exposure

Back 405

N. /曝光，揭露；暴露（于疾病、恶劣的环境等）的状态/risk, particularly of being exposed to disease or to the elements; unmasking; act of laying something open. Exposure to sun and wind had dried out her hair and weathered her face. She looked so changed that she no longer feared exposure as the notorious Irene Adler, one?time antagonist of Sherlock Holmes.

Front 406

expropriate

Back 406

V. /没收，剥夺，征用/take possession of. He questioned the gov?ernment's right to expropriate his land to create a wildlife preserve.

Front 407

expunge

Back 407

V. /取消，去除，排除/cancel; remove. If you behave, I will expunge this notation from your record.

Front 408

expurgate

Back 408

V. /清除，净化/clean; remove offensive parts of a book. The editors felt that certain passages in the book had to be expurgated before it could be used in the classroom.

Front 409

extant

Back 409

ADJ. /现存的/still in existence. Although the book is out of print, some copies are still extant. Unfortunately, all of them are in libraries or private collections; none are for sale.

Front 410

extent

Back 410

N. /范围；程度/degree; magnitude; scope. What is the extentof the patient's injuries? If they are not too extensive, we can treat him on an outpatient basis.

Front 411

extenuate

Back 411

V. /弱化；减轻/weaken; mitigate. It is easier for us to extenu?ate our own shortcomings than those of others.

Front 412

extol

Back 412

V. /赞美/praise; glorify. The president extolled the astro?nauts, calling them the pioneers of the Space Age.

Front 413

extort

Back 413

V. /敲诈，勒索/wring from; get money by threats, etc. The black?mailer extorted money from his victim.

Front 414

extradition

Back 414

N. /引渡/surrender of prisoner by one state to another. The lawyers opposed the extradition of their client on the grounds that for more than five years he had been a model citizen.

Front 415

extraneous

Back 415

ADJ. /肤浅的，不重要的/not essential; superfluous. No wonder Ted can't think straight! His mind is so cluttered up with extraneous trivia, he can't concentrate on the essentials.

Front 416

extrapolation

Back 416

N. /推测，推断/projection; conjecture. Based on their extrapolation from the results of the primaries on Super Tuesday, the networks predicted that Bob Dole would be the Republican candidate for the presidency. extrapolate,V.

Front 417

extricate

Back 417

V. /解脱，放出，释放/free; disentangle. Icebreakers were needed to extricate the trapped whales from the icy floes that closed them in.

Front 418

extrinsic ADJ. /外围的，不重要的；外来的/external; not essential; extraneous. A criti?cally acclaimed extrinsic feature of the Chrysler Building is its ornate spire. The judge would not admit the testimony, ruling that it was extrinsic to the matter at hand.

Front 419

extrovert

Back 419

N. /性格外向的人/person interested mostly in external objects and actions. A good salesman is usually an extrovert, who likes to mingle with people.

Front 420

extrude

Back 420

V. /挤压，逼/force or push out. Much pressure is required to extrude these plastics.

Front 421

exuberance

Back 421

N. /富得流油的；精力充沛；浪费，过度/overflowing abundance; joyful enthusiasm; flamboyance; lavishness. I was bowled over by the exuber?ance of Amy's welcome. What an enthusiastic greeting!

Front 422

exude

Back 422

V. /卸下，流出/discharge; give forth. We get maple syrup from the sap that exudes from the trees in early spring. exudation, N.

Front 423

exult

Back 423

V. /高兴，兴高采烈/rejoice. We exulted when our team won the victory.

Front 424

fabricate

Back 424

V. /制造；编造（谎言）/build; lie. If we fabricate the buildings in this project out of standardized sections, we can reduce construction costs considerably. Because of Jack's tendency to fabricate, Jill had trouble believing a word he said.

Front 425

facade

Back 425

N. /正面的；表面的，肤浅的/front (of building); superficial or false appearance. The ornate facade of the church was often photographed by tourists, who never bothered to walk around the building to view its other sides. Susan seemed super-confident, but that was just a facade she put on to hide her insecurity.

Front 426

facet

Back 426

N. /（宝石的）琢面；方面/small plane surface (of a gem); a side. The stone?cutter decided to improve the rough diamond by providing it with several facets.

Front 427

facetious

Back 427

ADJ. /不合时宜的玩笑；幽默/joking (often inappropriately); humorous. I'm serious about this project; I don't need any facetious, smart?alecky cracks about do-gooder little rich girls.

Front 428

facile

Back 428

ADJ. /充足的；容易完成的；肤浅的/easily accomplished; ready or fluent; superfi?cial. Words came easily to Jonathan: he was a facile　speaker and prided himself on being ready to make a speech at a moment's notice.

Front 429

facilitate

Back 429

V. /促进；帮助；使变容易/help bring about; make less difficult. Rest and proper nourishment should facilitate the patient's recovery.

Front 430

facsimile

Back 430

N. /复制品/COPY. Many museums sell facsimiles of the works of art on display.

Front 431

faction

Back 431

N. /派别；内讧；纠纷/party; clique; dissension. The quarrels and bick?ering of the two small factions within the club disturbed the majority of the members.

Front 432

faculty

Back 432

N. /才能，教职员工/mental or bodily powers; teaching staff. As he grew old, Professor Twiggly feared he might lose his facul?ties and become unfit to teach. However, he had tenure: whether or not he was in full possession of his faculties, the school couldn't kick him off the faculty.

Front 433

fallacious

Back 433

ADJ. /假的；误导的/false; misleading. Paradoxically, fallacious reasoning does not always yield erroneous results: even though your logic may be faulty, the answer you get may nevertheless be correct. fallacy, N.

Front 434

fallible

Back 434

ADJ. /容易犯错的/liable to err. I know I am fallible, but I feel con?fident that I am right this time.

Front 435

fallow

Back 435

ADJ. /休耕地；潜伏的；不活跃的/plowed but not sowed; uncultivated. Farmers have learned that it is advisable to permit land to lie fallow every few years.

Front 436

falter

Back 436

V. /犹豫；踌躇/hesitate. When told to dive off the high board, she did not falter, but proceeded at once.

Front 437

fanaticism

Back 437

N. /狂热的，盲目的/excessive zeal; extreme devotion to a belief or cause. When Islamic fundamentalists demanded the death of Salman Rushdie because his novel questioned their faith, world opinion condemned them for their fanati?cism.

Front 438

fancy

Back 438

N. /爱好；奇特；想象/notion; whim; inclination.

Front 439

fanfare

Back 439

N. /号角声/call by bugles or trumpets. The exposition was opened with a fanfare of trumpets and the firing of cannon.

Front 440

farce

Back 440

N. /闹剧；嘲笑/broad comedy; mockery. Nothing went right; the entire interview degenerated into a farce. farcical,ADJ.

Front 441

fastidious

Back 441

ADJ. /挑剔的；难伺候的/difficult to please; squeamish. Bobby was such a fastidious eater that he would eat a sandwich only if his mother first cut off every scrap of crust.

Front 442

fatalism

Back 442

N. /宿命论/belief that events are determined by forces beyond one's control. With fatalism, he accepted the hard?ships that beset him. fatalistic,ADJ.

Front 443

fathom

Back 443

V. /领会；调查，测量/comprehend; investigate. I find his motives impossible to fathom; in fact, I'm totally clueless about what goes on in his mind.

Front 444

fatuous

Back 444

ADJ. /愚蠢的；不可理喻的；不理智的/foolish; inane. He is far too intelligent to utter such fatuous remarks.

Front 445

fauna

Back 445

N. /动物志/animals of a period or region. The scientist could visualize the fauna of the period by examining the skeletal remains and the fossils.

Front 446

fawning

Back 446

ADJ. /奉承/courting favor by cringing and flattering. She was constantly surrounded by a group of fawning admirers who hoped to win some favor. fawn,V.

Front 447

faze

Back 447

V. /折磨，打击/disconcert; dismay. No crisis could faze the resourceful hotel manager.

Front 448

feasible

Back 448

ADJ. /可行的/practical. Is it feasible to build a new stadium for the Yankees on New York's West Side? Without addi?tional funding, the project is clearly unrealistic.

Front 449

fecundity

Back 449

N. /丰饶/fertility; fruitfulness. The fecundity of his mind is illustrated by the many vivid images in his poems.

Front 450

feign

Back 450

V. /假装；捏造/pretend. Lady Macbeth feigned illness although she was actually healthy.

Front 451

feint

Back 451

N. /假的，淡的，不鲜明的；佯攻/trick; shift; sham blow. The boxer was fooled by his opponent's feint and dropped his guard. alsoV.

Front 452

felicitous

Back 452

ADJ. /措辞巧妙的；精巧的/apt; suitably expressed; well chosen. He was famous for his felicitous remarks and was called upon to serve as master-of-ceremonies at many a banquet. felicity, N.

Front 453

felicity

Back 453

N. /欢乐；适当/happiness; appropriateness (of a remark, choice, etc.). She wrote a note to the newlyweds wishing them great felicity in their wedded life.

Front 454

fell

Back 454

ADJ. /凶猛的，致命的/cruel; deadly. The newspapers told of the tragic spread of the fell disease.

Front 455

fell

Back 455

V. /放倒，打倒/cut or knock down; bring down (with a missile). Cry?ing "Timber!" Paul Bunyan felled the mighty redwood tree. Robin Hood loosed his arrow and felled the king's deer.

Front 456

felon

Back 456

N. /重罪犯/person convicted of a grave crime. A convicted felon loses the right to vote.

Front 457

feral

Back 457

ADJ. /野生的，未驯服的/not domestic; wild. Abandoned by their owners, dogs may revert to their feral state, roaming the woods in packs.

Front 458

ferment

Back 458

N. /激怒；挑起骚动、暴乱/agitation; commotion. With the breakup of the Soviet Union, much of Eastern Europe was in a state of fer?ment.

Front 459

ferret

Back 459

V. /侦查；搜出；赶出/drive or hunt out of hiding. She ferreted out their secret.

Front 460

fervent

Back 460

ADJ. /炙热的/ardent; hot. She felt that the fervent praise was excessive and somewhat undeserved.

Front 461

fervid

Back 461

ADJ. /炙热的/ardent. Her fervid enthusiasm inspired all of us to undertake the dangerous mission.

Front 462

fervor

Back 462

N. /热情；激情/glowing ardor; intensity of feeling. At the protest rally, the students cheered the strikers and booed the dean with equal fervor.

Front 463

fester

Back 463

V. /使溃烂，化脓/rankle; produce irritation or resentment. Joe's insult festered in Anne's mind for days, and made her too angry to speak to him.

Front 464

festive

Back 464

ADJ. /欢乐；庆祝/joyous; celebratory. Their wedding in the park was a festive occasion.

Front 465

fetid

Back 465

ADJ. /恶臭的/malodorous. The neglected wound became fetid.

Front 466

fetter

Back 466

V. /羁绊/shackle. The prisoner was fettered to the wall.

Front 467

fiasco

Back 467

N. /彻底失败/total failure. Our ambitious venture ended in a fiasco and we were forced to flee.

Front 468

fickle

Back 468

ADJ. /变化无常的；薄情的/changeable; faithless. As soon as Romeo saw Juliet, he forgot all about his old girlfriend Rosaline. Was Romeo fickle?

Front 469

fictitious

Back 469

ADJ. /想象的/imaginary. Although this book purports to be a biography of George Washington, many of the incidents are fictitious.

Front 470

fidelity

Back 470

N. /忠诚/loyalty. A dog's fidelity to its owner is one of the reasons why that animal is a favorite household pet.

Front 471

figment

Back 471

N. /发明；臆造的事务/invention; imaginary thing. That incident never took place; it is a figment of your imagination.

Front 472

figurative

Back 472

ADJ. /比喻/not literal, but metaphorical; using a figure of speech. "To lose one's marbles" is a figurative expres?sion; if you're told that Jack has lost his marbles, no one expects you to rush out to buy him a replacement set.

Front 473

figurine

Back 473

N. /小雕像/small ornamental statuette. In The Maltese Fal?con, Sam Spade was hired to trace the missing figurine of a black bird.

Front 474

filament

Back 474

N. /灯丝；精细的织物或线/fine thread or fiber; threadlike structure within a light bulb. A ray of sunlight illuminated the filaments of the spider web, turning the web into a net of gold.

Front 475

filch

Back 475

V. /偷/steal. The boys filched apples from the fruit stand.

Front 476

filial

Back 476

ADJ. /子女的/pertaining to a son or daughter. Many children forget their filial obligations and disregard the wishes of their parents.

Front 477

filibuster

Back 477

V. /（发表长篇演讲来）阻挠法案通过/to block legislation by making long speeches. Even though we disapproved of Senator Foghorn's political goals, we were impressed by his ability to filibuster end?lessly to keep an issue from coming to a vote.

Front 478

finale

Back 478

N. /结论，结尾，结局/conclusion. It is not until we reach the finale of this play that we can understand the author's message.

Front 479

finesse

Back 479

N. /精密的技巧/delicate skill. The finesse and adroitness with which the surgeon wielded her scalpel impressed all the observers in the operating room.

Front 480

finicky

Back 480

ADJ. /过分讲究；鸡毛蒜皮/too particular; fussy. The little girl was finicky about her food, leaving over anything that wasn't to her taste.

Front 481

firebrand

Back 481

N. /总惹麻烦的人，惹事生非者，捣乱人/hothead: troublemaker. The police tried to keep track of all the local firebrands when the President came to town.

Front 482

fissure

Back 482

N. /裂缝；分歧/crevice. The mountain climbers secured footholds in tiny fissures in the rock.

Front 483

fitful

Back 483

ADJ. /断断续续；间歇/spasmodic; intermittent. After several fitful attempts, he decided to postpone the start of the project until he felt more energetic.

Front 484

flabbergasted

Back 484

ADJ. /大吃一惊；目瞪口呆/astounded; astonished; overcome with surprise. In the film Flubber, the hero invents a remarkable substance whose amazing properties leave his coworkers flabbergasted. flabbergast,V.

Front 485

flaccid

Back 485

ADJ. /软弱的；无活力的/flabby. His sedentary life had left him with flac?cid muscles.

Front 486

flag

Back 486

V. /萎缩；衰退/droop; grow feeble. When the opposing hockey team scored its third goal only minutes into the first quarter, the home team's spirits flagged. flagging,ADJ.

Front 487

flagrant

Back 487

ADJ. /非常坏的；残忍的；恶名昭著的/conspicuously wicked; blatant; outrageous. The governor's appointment of his brother-in-law to the State Supreme Court was a flagrant violation of the state laws against nepotism (favoritism based on kinship).

Front 488

flair

Back 488

N. /才能/talent. She has an uncanny flair for discovering new artists before the public has become aware of their existence.

Front 489

flamboyant

Back 489

ADJ. /华丽的/ornate. Modern architecture has dis?carded the flamboyant trimming on buildings and empha?sizes simplicity of line.

Front 490

flaunt

Back 490

V. /招摇；炫耀/display ostentatiously. Mae West saw nothing wrong with showing off her considerable physical charms, saying, "Honey, if you've got it, flaunt it!"

Front 491

fleck

Back 491

V. /使起斑点/spot. Her cheeks, flecked with tears, were testi?mony to the hours of weeping.

Front 492

fledgling

Back 492

ADJ. /无经验的/inexperienced. While it is necessary to pro?vide these fledgling poets with an opportunity to present their work, it is not essential that we admire everything they write. also N.

Front 493

fleece

Back 493

N. /羊毛外套/wool coat of a sheep. They shear sheep of their fleece, which they then comb into separate strands of wool.

Front 494

fleece

Back 494

V. /抢劫；诈骗/rob; plunder. The tricksters fleeced him of his inheritance.

Front 495

flick

Back 495

N. /轻弹；轻打/light stroke as with a whip. The horse needed no encouragement; one flick of the whip was all the jockey had to apply to get the animal to run at top speed.

Front 496

flinch

Back 496

V. /畏首畏尾，退缩；犹豫/hesitate, shrink. He did not flinch in the face of danger but fought back bravely.

Front 497

flippant

Back 497

ADJ. /轻率的，没礼貌的，嬉皮笑脸的/lacking proper seriousness. When Mark told Mona he loved her, she dismissed his earnest declaration with a flippant "Oh, you say that to all the girls!" flippancy, N.

Front 498

flit

Back 498

V. /掠过/fly; dart lightly; pass swiftly by. Like a bee flitting from flower to flower, Rose flitted from one boyfriend to the next.

Front 499

floe

Back 499

N. /浮殡冰块；大浮冰/mass of floating ice. The ship made slow progress as it battered its way through the ice floes.

Front 500

flora

Back 500

N. /植物志/plants of a region or era. Because she was a botanist, she spent most of her time studying the flora of the desert.

Front 501

florid

Back 501

ADJ. /华丽的；红润的/ruddy; reddish; flowery. If you go to Florida and get a sunburn, your complexion will look florid.

Front 502

flounder

Back 502

V. /挣扎，辗转；困难地奋斗/struggle and thrash about; proceed clumsily or falter. Up to his knees in the bog, Floyd floundered about, trying to regain his footing. Bewildered by the new software, Flo floundered until Jan showed her how to get started.

Front 503

flourish

Back 503

V. /生长；繁荣；装饰/grow well; prosper; decorate with ornaments. The orange trees flourished in the sun.

Front 504

flout

Back 504

V. /轻视；嘲笑；愚弄/reject; mock. The headstrong youth flouted all authority; he refused to be curbed.

Front 505

fluctuate

Back 505

V. /波动的；起伏的，摇摆不定的/waver; shift. The water pressure in our shower fluctuates wildly; you start rinsing yourself off with a trickle, and, two minutes later, a blast of water nearly knocks you down.

Front 506

fluency

Back 506

N. /（语言）流利/smoothness of speech. He spoke French with fluency and ease.

Front 507

fluke

Back 507

N. /意外；小概率事件/unlikely occurrence; stroke of fortune. When Dou- glas defeated Tyson for the heavyweight championship, some sportscasters dismissed his victory as a fluke.

Front 508

fluster

Back 508

V. /使混乱，使迷惑/confuse. The teacher's sudden question flus?tered him and he stammered his reply.

Front 509

flux

Back 509

N. /变迁；流动/flowing; series of changes. While conditions are in such a state of flux, I do not wish to commit myself too deeply in this affair.

Front 510

fodder

Back 510

N. /粗饲料；饲养/coarse food for cattle, horses, etc. One of Nancy's chores at the ranch was to put fresh supplies of fodder in the horses' stalls.

Front 511

foible

Back 511

N. /缺点；弱点/weakness; slight fault. We can overlook the foibles of our friends; no one is perfect.

Front 512

foil

Back 512

N. /烘托；衬托/contrast. In Star Wars, dark, evil Darth Vader is a perfect foil for fair-haired, naive Luke Skywalker.

Front 513

foil

Back 513

V. /打击；打败，挫败/defeat; frustrate. In the end, Skywalker is able to foil Vader's diabolical schemes.

Front 514

foliage

Back 514

N. /树叶/masses of leaves. Every autumn before the leaves fell he promised himself he would drive through New England to admire the colorful fall foliage.

Front 515

foment

Back 515

V. /鼓动，煽动/stir up; instigate. Cheryl's archenemy Heather spread some nasty rumors that fomented trouble in the club. Do you think Cheryl's foe meant to foment such discord?

Front 516

foolhardy

Back 516

ADJ. /愚勇的；傻大胆儿/rash. Don't be foolhardy. Get the advice of experienced people before undertaking this venture.

Front 517

fop

Back 517

N. /花花公子；过分注意衣着的男人/dandy; man excessively concerned with his clothes. People who dismissed young Mizrahi as a fop felt chagrined when he turned into one of the top fashion designers of his day. foppish,ADJ.

Front 518

forbearance

Back 518

N. /耐心/patience. We must use forbearance in dealing with him because he is still weak from his illness.

Front 519

ford

Back 519

N. /津；浅滩/place where a river can be crossed on foot. Rather than risk using the shaky rope bridge, David walked a half?mile downstream until he came to the nearest ford. alsoV.

Front 520

forebears

Back 520

N. /前人；祖先/ancestors. Reverence for one's forebears (sometimes referred to as ancestor worship) plays an important part in many Oriental cultures.

Front 521

foreboding

Back 521

N. /不详的预感/premonition of evil. Suspecting no conspira?cies against him, Caesar gently ridiculed his wife's forebod?ings about the Ides of March.

Front 522

forensic

Back 522

ADJ. /法院的；适于法庭的/suitable to debate or courts of law. In her best forensic manner, the lawyer addressed the jury. foren?SiCS, N.

Front 523

foreshadow

Back 523

V. /预言；预测/give an indication beforehand; portend; pre?figure. In retrospect, political analysts realized that Yeltsin's defiance of the attempted coup foreshadowed his emer?gence as the dominant figure of the new Russian republic.

Front 524

foresight

Back 524

N. /洞察力/ability to foresee future happenings; pru?dence. A wise investor, she had the foresight to buy land just before the current real estate boom.

Front 525

forestall

Back 525

V. /预防/prevent by taking action in advance. By setting up a prenuptial agreement, the prospective bride and groom hoped to forestall any potential arguments about money in the event of a divorce.

Front 526

forgo

Back 526

V. /放弃/give up; do without. Determined to lose weight for the summer, Ida decided to forgo dessert until she could fit into a size eight again.

Front 527

forlorn

Back 527

ADJ. /孤苦的，凄凉的/sad and lonely; wretched. Deserted by her big sisters and her friends, the forlorn child sat sadly on the steps awaiting their return.

Front 528

formality

Back 528

N. /仪式；礼节/ceremonious quality; something done just for form's sake. The president received the visiting heads of state with due formality: flags waving, honor guards stand?ing at attention, anthems sounding at full blast. Signing this petition is a mere formality; it does not obligate you in any way.

Front 529

formidable

Back 529

ADJ. /威胁的，险恶的/menacing; threatening. We must not treat the battle lightly for we are facing a formidable foe.

Front 530

forsake

Back 530

V. /放弃/desert; abandon; renounce. No one expected Foster to forsake his wife and children and run off with another woman.

Front 531

forswear

Back 531

V. /放弃/renounce; abandon. The captured knight could escape death only if he agreed to forswear Christian?ity and embrace Islam as the one true faith.

Front 532

forte

Back 532

N. /强项，特殊才能/strong point or special talent. I am not eager to play this rather serious role, for my forte is comedy.

Front 533

forthright

Back 533

ADJ. /坦率的；豪爽的/outspoken; straightforward; frank. Never afraid to call a spade a spade, she was perhaps too forth?rightto be a successful party politician.

Front 534

fortitude

Back 534

N. /勇敢的/bravery; courage. He was awarded the medal for his fortitude in the battle.

Front 535

fortuitous

Back 535

ADJ. /偶然的/accidental; by chance. Though he pre?tended their encounter was fortuitous, he'd actually been hanging around her usual haunts for the past two weeks, hoping she'd turn up.

Front 536

forum

Back 536

N. /论坛/place of assembly to discuss public concerns; meeting for discussion. The film opens with a shot of the ancient Forum in Rome, where several senators are dis?cussing the strange new sect known as Christians. At the end of the movie, its director presided over a forum examin?ing new fashions in filmmaking.

Front 537

foster

Back 537

V. /养育，培养；鼓励/rear; encourage. According to the legend, Romu?lus and Remus were fostered by a she-wolf who raised the abandoned infants with her own cubs. alsoADJ.

Front 538

founder

Back 538

V. /完全失败；沉默/fail completely; sink. After hitting the sub?merged iceberg, the Titanic started taking in water rapidly and soon foundered.

Front 539

founder

Back 539

N. /创办人/person who establishes (an organization, busi?ness). Among those drowned when the Titanic sank was the founder of the Abraham & Straus department store.

Front 540

fracas

Back 540

N. /争吵；混战/brawl, melee. The military police stopped the fra?cas in the bar and arrested the belligerents.

Front 541

fractious

Back 541

ADJ. /蛮横倔强的/unruly; disobedient; irritable. Bucking and kicking, the fractious horse unseated its rider.

Front 542

frail

Back 542

ADJ. /弱的/weak. The delicate child seemed too frail to lift the heavy carton. frailty, N.

Front 543

franchise

Back 543

N. /公民权；营业执照/right granted by authority; right to vote; busi?ness licensed to sell a product in a particular territory. The city issued a franchise to the company to operate surface transit lines on the streets for ninety-nine years. For most of American history women lacked the right to vote: not until the early twentieth century was the franchise granted to women. Stan owns a Carvel's ice cream franchise in Chinatown.

Front 544

frantic

Back 544

ADJ. /狂乱/wild. At the time of the collision, many people became frantic with fear.

Front 545

fraternize

Back 545

V. /友善/associate in a friendly way. After the game, the members of the two teams fraternized as cheerfully as if they had never been rivals.

Front 546

fraudulent

Back 546

ADJ. /欺骗的/cheating; deceitful. The government seeks to prevent fraudulent and misleading advertising.

Front 547

fraught

Back 547

ADJ. /满的/filled. Since this enterprise is fraught with danger, I will ask for volunteers who are willing to assume the risks.

Front 548

fray

Back 548

N. /争吵/brawl. The three musketeers were in the thick of the fray.

Front 549

frenetic

Back 549

ADJ. /发狂的/frenzied; frantic. His frenetic activities con?vinced us that he had no organized plan of operation.

Front 550

frenzied

Back 550

ADJ. /狂乱的/madly excited. As soon as they smelled smoke, the frenzied animals milled about in their cages.

Front 551

fresco

Back 551

N. /壁画/painting on plaster (usually fresh). The cathedral is visited by many tourists who wish to admire the frescoes by Giotto.

Front 552

fret

Back 552

V. /被激怒/to be annoyed or vexed. To fret over your poor grades is foolish; instead, decide to work harder in the future.

Front 553

friction

Back 553

N. /摩擦/clash in opinion; rubbing against. At this time when harmony is essential, we cannot afford to have any friction in our group.

Front 554

frigid

Back 554

ADJ. /刺骨寒/intensely cold. Alaska is in the frigid zone.

Front 555

frivolous

Back 555

ADJ. /轻佻的；嬉皮笑脸的/lacking in seriousness; self-indulgently care?free; relatively unimportant. Though Nancy enjoyed Bill's frivolous, lighthearted companionship, she sometimes won?dered whether he could ever be serious. frivolity, N.

Front 556

frolicsome

Back 556

ADJ. /闹着玩的；嬉戏的/prankish; gay. The frolicsome puppy tried to lick the face of its master.

Front 557

frond

Back 557

N. /棕榈叶；蕨叶/fern leaf; palm or banana leaf. After the storm the beach was littered with the fronds of palm trees.

Front 558

frugality

Back 558

N. /俭省节约/thrift; economy. In economically hard times, anyone who doesn't learn to practice frugality risks bank?ruptcy. frugal,ADJ.

Front 559

fruition

Back 559

N. /享用；成就；实现/bearing of fruit; fulfillment; realization. This building marks the fruition of all our aspirations and years of hard work.

Front 560

frustrate

Back 560

V. /阻碍；挫败/thwart; defeat. We must frustrate this dictator's plan to seize control of the government.

Front 561

fugitive

Back 561

ADJ. /短暂的，易变的；流动的/fleeting or transitory; roving. The film brought a few fugitive images to her mind, but on the whole it made no lasting impression upon her.

Front 562

fulcrum

Back 562

N. /（杠杆的）支点/support on which a lever rests. If we use this stone as a fulcrum and the crowbar as a lever, we may be able to move this boulder.

Front 563

fulsome

Back 563

ADJ. /过分的/disgustingly excessive. His fulsome praise of the dictator revolted his listeners.

Front 564

fundamental

Back 564

V. /基本的，基础的/basic; primary; essential. The committee discussed all sorts of side issues without ever getting down to addressing the fundamental problem.

Front 565

furlough

Back 565

N. /休假/leave of absence; vacation granted a soldier or civil servant. Dreaming of her loved ones back in the States, the young soldier could hardly wait for her upcom?ing furlough.

Front 566

furor

Back 566

N. /非常激动/frenzy; great excitement. The story of her embez?zlement of the funds created a furor on the Stock Exchange.

Front 567

furtive

Back 567

ADJ. /隐秘的；偷偷摸摸，鬼祟/stealthy; sneaky. Noticing the furtive glance the customer gave the diamond bracelet on the counter, the jeweler wondered whether he had a potential shoplifter on his hands.

Front 568

fusion

Back 568

N. /熔合；熔接/union; coalition. The opponents of the political party in power organized a fusion of disgruntled groups and became an important element in the election.

Front 569

futile

Back 569

ADJ. /没出息；无望，没效果的/useless; hopeless; ineffectual. It is futile for me to try to get any work done around here while the telephone is ringing every thirty seconds. futility, N.

Front 570

gadfly

Back 570

N. /牛蝇；招人烦的人/animal-biting fly; an irritating person. Like a gad?fly, he irritated all the guests at the hotel; within forty-eight hours, everyone regarded him as an annoying busybody.

Front 571

gaffe

Back 571

N. /失态；出丑/social blunder. According to Miss Manners, to call your husband by your lover's name is worse than a mere gaffe; it is a tactical mistake.

Front 572

gainsay

Back 572

V. /否认，拒绝/deny. She was too honest to gainsay the truth of the report.

Front 573

gait

Back 573

N. /步态，步法；速度/manner of walking or running; speed. The lame man walked with an uneven gait.

Front 574

galaxy

Back 574

N. /星系；一群显赫的人；一系列重要的人或物/large, isolated system of stars, such as the Milky Way; any collection of brilliant personalities. Science fiction stories speculate about the possible existence of life in other galaxies. The deaths of such famous actors as John Candy and George Burns tells us that the galaxy of Holly?wood superstars is rapidly disappearing.

Front 575

gale

Back 575

N. /大风；一阵感情的爆发/windstorm; gust of wind; emotional outburst (laughter, tears). The Weather Channel warned viewers about a rising gale, with winds of up to sixty miles per hour.

Front 576

gall

Back 576

N. /痛苦；烦恼；恼怒/bitterness; nerve. The knowledge of his failure filled him with gall.

Front 577

gall

Back 577

V. /惹恼；侮辱/annoy; chafe. Their taunts galled him.

Front 578

galleon

Back 578

N. /大帆船/large sailing ship. The Spaniards pinned their hopes on the galleon, the large warship; the British, on the smaller and faster pinnace.

Front 579

galvanize

Back 579

V. /电镀；刺激，激励/stimulate by shock; stir up; revitalize. News that the prince was almost at their door galvanized the ugly stepsisters into a frenzy of combing and primping.

Front 580

gambit

Back 580

N. /弃子抢先/opening in chess in which a piece is sacrificed. The player was afraid to accept his opponent's gambit because he feared a trap which as yet he could not see. gambol

Front 581

gamely ADV. /勇敢的，有精神的/bravely; with spirit. Because he had fought gamely against a much superior boxer, the crowd gave him a standing ovation when he left the arena.

Front 582

gamut

Back 582

N. /整个领域/entire range. In this performance, the leading lady was able to demonstrate the complete gamut of her acting ability.

Front 583

gape

Back 583

V. /张着嘴呆看；裂缝/open widely; stare open-mouthed. The huge pit gaped before him; if he stumbled, he would fall in. Slack?jawed in wonder, Huck gaped at the huge stalactites hang?ing down from the ceiling of the limestone cavern.

Front 584

garbled

Back 584

ADJ. /混淆/mixed up; jumbled; distorted. A favorite party game involves passing a whispered message from one per?son to another until, by the time it reaches the last player, the message is totally garbled.

Front 585

gargantuan

Back 585

ADJ. /巨大的/huge; enormous. The gargantuan wrestler was terrified of mice.

Front 586

garish

Back 586

ADJ. /俗气；颜色太杂/over-bright in color; gaudy. She wore a gaudy rhinestone necklace with an excessively garish gold lame dress.

Front 587

garner

Back 587

V. /收集，储存/gather; store up. She hoped to garner the world's literature in one library.

Front 588

garnish

Back 588

V. /装饰/decorate. Parsley was used to garnish the boiled potato. also N.

Front 589

garrulous

Back 589

ADJ. /贫嘴/loquacious; wordy; talkative. My Uncle Henry can out-talk any three people I know. He is the most garrulous person in Cayuga County. garrulity, N.

Front 590

gauche

Back 590

ADJ. /粗笨的，粗糙的/clumsy; coarse and uncouth. Compared to the sophisticated young ladies in their elegant gowns, tomboyish Jo felt gauche and out of place.

Front 591

gaudy

Back 591

ADJ. /华而不实的/flashy; showy. The newest Trump skyscraper is typically gaudy, covered in gilded panels that gleam in the sun.

Front 592

gaunt

Back 592

ADJ. /瘦骨嶙峋，憔悴；荒芜/lean and angular; barren. His once round face looked surprisingly gaunt after he had lost weight.

Front 593

gavel

Back 593

N. /棒槌/hammerlike tool; mallet. "Sold!" cried the auction?eer, banging her gavel on the table to indicate she'd accepted the final bid.

Front 594

gawk

Back 594

V. /张着嘴呆看/stare foolishly; look in open-mouthed awe. The country boy gawked at the skyscrapers and neon lights of the big city.

Front 595

genealogy

Back 595

N. /家谱/record of descent; lineage. He was proud of his genealogy and constantly referred to the achievements of his ancestors.

Front 596

generality

Back 596

N. /一般性/vague statement. This report is filled with generalities; be more specific in your statements.

Front 597

generate

Back 597

V. /产生；创造/cause; produce; create. In his first days in office, President Clinton managed to generate a new mood of optimism; we just hoped he could generate some new jobs.

Front 598

generic

Back 598

ADJ. /普通的/characteristic of an entire class or species. Sue knew so many computer programmers who spent their spare time playing fantasy games that she began to think that playing Dungeons & Dragons was a generic trait.

Front 599

genesis

Back 599

N. /发源，源头/beginning; origin. Tracing the genesis of a fam?ily is the theme of Roots.

Front 600

geniality

Back 600

N. /亲切；同情/cheerfulness; kindliness; sympathy. This restaurant is famous and popular because of the geniality of the proprietor who tries to make everyone happy.

Front 601

genre

Back 601

N. /风格（文学、艺术）/particular variety of art or literature. Both a short story writer and a poet, Langston Hughes proved himself equally skilled in either genre.

Front 602

genteel

Back 602

ADJ. /上流的/well-bred; elegant. We are looking for a man with a genteel appearance who can inspire confidence by his cultivated manner.

Front 603

gentility

Back 603

N. /有教养，文雅/those of gentle birth; refinement. Her family was proud of its gentility and elegance.

Front 604

gentry

Back 604

N. /贵族/people of standing; class of people just below nobility. The local gentry did not welcome the visits of the summer tourists and tried to ignore their presence in the community.

Front 605

germane

Back 605

ADJ. /密切相关/pertinent; bearing upon the case at hand. The judge refused to allow the testimony to be heard by the jury because it was not germane to the case.

Front 606

germinal

Back 606

ADJ. /未成熟的，幼芽的/pertaining to a germ; creative. Such an idea is germinal, I am certain that it will influence thinkers and philosophers for many generations.

Front 607

germinate

Back 607

V. /发芽/cause to sprout; sprout. After the seeds ger?minate and develop their permanent leaves, the plants may be removed from the cold frames and transplanted to the garden.

Front 608

gesticulation

Back 608

N. /动作；手势/motion; gesture. Operatic performers are trained to make exaggerated gesticulations because of the large auditoriums in which they appear.

Front 609

ghastly

Back 609

ADJ. /恐怖的/horrible. The murdered man was a ghastly sight.

Front 610

gibberish

Back 610

N. /胡话；嘟囔/nonsense; babbling. Did you hear that fool boy spouting gibberish about monsters from outer space? gibber,V.

Front 611

gibe

Back 611

V. /嘲笑/mock. As you gibe at their superstitious beliefs, do you realize that you, too, are guilty of similarly foolish thoughts?

Front 612

giddy

Back 612

ADJ. /眼花缭乱/light-hearted; dizzy. He felt his giddy youth was past.

Front 613

gingerly

Back 613

ADV. /小心翼翼地/very carefully. To separate egg whites, first crack the egg gingerly.

Front 614

girth

Back 614

N. /方圆；周围环境/distance around something; circumference. It took an extra-large cummerbund to fit around Andrew Carnegie's considerable girth.

Front 615

gist

Back 615

N. /精华/essence. She was asked to give the gist of the essay in two sentences.

Front 616

glacial

Back 616

ADJ. /冰河的，冰川的/like a glacier; extremely cold. Never a warm person, when offended John could seem positively glacial.

Front 617

glaring

Back 617

ADJ. /耀眼的/highly conspicuous; harshly bright. Glaring spelling or grammatical errors in your resume will unfavor?ably impress potential employers.

Front 618

glaze

Back 618

V. /上釉/cover with a thin and shiny surface. The freezing rain glazed the streets and made driving hazardous. also N.

Front 619

glib

Back 619

ADJ. /光滑，柔顺；口齿伶俐，圆滑/fluent; facile; slick. Keeping up a steady patter to entertain his customers, the kitchen gadget salesman was a glib speaker, never at a loss for a word.

Front 620

glimmer

Back 620

V. /闪烁/shine erratically; twinkle. In the darkness of the cavern, the glowworms hanging from the cavern roof glim?mered like distant stars,

Front 621

gloat

Back 621

V. /垂涎；幸灾乐祸，洋洋得意/express evil satisfaction; view malevolently. As you gloat over your ill-gotten wealth, do you think of the many victims you have defrauded?

Front 622

glossary

Back 622

N. /词汇表/brief explanation of words used in the text. I have found the glossary in this book very useful; it has elim?inated many trips to the dictionary.

Front 623

gloss over

Back 623

V. /掩盖/explain away. No matter how hard he tried to talk around the issue, President Bush could not gloss over the fact that he had raised taxes after all.

Front 624

glossy

Back 624

ADJ. /光滑有光泽的/smooth and shining. I want this photograph printed on glossy paper, not matte.

Front 625

glower

Back 625

V. /瞪着，愤怒的看着/scowl. The angry boy glowered at his father.

Front 626

glut

Back 626

V. /充斥；过量/overstock; fill to excess. The many manufacturers glutted the market and could not find purchasers for the excess articles they had produced. also N.

Front 627

glutton

Back 627

N. /暴饮暴食者，饭桶/someone who eats too much. When Mother saw that Bobby had eaten all the cookies, she called him a little glutton. gluttonous,ADJ.

Front 628

gnarled

Back 628

ADJ. /扭曲/twisted. The gnarled oak tree had been a landmark for years and was mentioned in several deeds.

Front 629

gnome

Back 629

N. /地精；小矮人；土地公公/dwarf; underground spirit. In medieval mythol?ogy, gnomes were the special guardians and inhabitants of subterranean mines.

Front 630

goad

Back 630

V. /刺激；激励；驱策/urge on. He was goaded by his friends until he yielded to their wishes. also N.

Front 631

gorge

Back 631

N. /峡谷/small, steep-walled canyon. The white-water raft?ing guide warned us about the rapids farther downstream, where the river cut through a narrow gorge.

Front 632

gorge

Back 632

V. /狼吞虎咽/stuff oneself. The gluttonous guest gorged him?self with food as though he had not eaten for days.

Front 633

gory

Back 633

ADJ. /血腥的/bloody. The audience shuddered as they lis?tened to the details of the gory massacre.

Front 634

gouge

Back 634

V. /挖出；撕下/tear out. In that fight, all the rules were forgotten; the adversaries bit, kicked, and tried to gouge each other's eyes out.

Front 635

gourmand

Back 635

N. /老饕/epicure; person who takes excessive plea?sure in food and drink. Gourmands lack self-restraint; if they enjoy a particular cuisine, they eat far too much of it.

Front 636

gourmet

Back 636

N. /品尝家；美食比赛的评委/connoisseur of food and drink. The gourmet stated that this was the best onion soup she had ever tasted.

Front 637

graduated

Back 637

ADJ. /分级；排序/arranged by degrees (of height, difficulty, etc.). Margaret loved her graduated set of Russian hollow wooden dolls; she spent hours happily putting the smaller dolls into their larger counterparts.

Front 638

graft

Back 638

N. /移植；移植物；嫁接/piece of transplanted tissue; portion of plant inserted in another plant. After the fire, Greg required skin grafts to replace the badly damaged areas on his forearms. alsoV.

Front 639

grandeur

Back 639

N. /庄严，伟大，威严/impressiveness; stateliness; majesty. No mat?ter how often he hiked through the mountains, David never failed to be struck by the grandeur of the Sierra Nevada range.

Front 640

grandiloquent

Back 640

ADJ. /语言夸张的；词藻浮华的/pompous; bombastic; using high?sounding language. The politician could never speak sim?ply; she was always grandiloquent.

Front 641

grandiose

Back 641

ADJ. /自命不凡；堂皇；夸张的/pretentious; high-flown; ridiculously exag?gerated; impressive. The aged matinee idol still had grandiose notions of his supposed importance in the the?atrical world.

Front 642

granulate

Back 642

V. /粒化/form into grains. Sugar that has been granu?lated dissolves more readily than lump sugar. granule, N.

Front 643

graphic

Back 643

ADJ. /图像的；图画的/pertaining to the art of delineating; vividly described. I was particularly impressed by the graphic pre?sentation of the storm.

Front 644

grapple

Back 644

V. /格斗，摔跤/wrestle; come to grips with. He grappled with the burglar and overpowered him.

Front 645

grate

Back 645

V. /磨碎；惹恼；因摩擦发出的刺耳声音/make a harsh noise; have an unpleasant effect; shred. The screams of the quarreling children grated on her nerves.

Front 646

gratify

Back 646

V. /取悦/please. Lori's parents were gratified by her suc?cessful performance on the SAT.

Front 647

gratis

Back 647

ADJ. /免费的/free. The company offered to give one package gratis to every purchaser of one of their products. alsoADJ.

Front 648

gratuitous

Back 648

ADJ. /无条件的；无理由的；免费的/given freely; unwarranted; uncalled for. Quit making gratuitous comments about my driving; no one asked you for your opinion.

Front 649

gravity

Back 649

N. /重力；严重，庄严，严肃/seriousness. We could tell we were in serious trouble from the gravity of the principal's expression. (sec?ondary meaning) grave,ADJ.

Front 650

gregarious

Back 650

ADJ. /社交的；群居/sociable. Typically, partygoers are gregar?ious; hermits are not.

Front 651

grievance

Back 651

N. /委屈；冤情；不平/cause of complaint. When her supervisor ignored her complaint, she took her grievance to the union.

Front 652

grill

Back 652

V. /盘问/question severely. In violation of the Miranda law, the police grilled the suspect for several hours before read?ing him his rights. (secondary meaning)

Front 653

grimace

Back 653

N. /扭曲的脸；做鬼脸/a facial distortion to show feeling such as pain, disgust, etc. Even though he remained silent, his grimace indicated his displeasure. alsoV.

Front 654

grisly

Back 654

ADJ. /毛骨悚然的；恐怖的，可怕的/ghastly. She shuddered at the grisly sight.

Front 655

grouse

Back 655

V. /发牢骚/complain; fuss. Students traditionally grouse about the abysmal quality of "mystery meat" and similar dormitory food.

Front 656

grotesque

Back 656

ADJ. /稀奇古怪的；怪异/fantastic; comically hideous. On Halloween people enjoy wearing grotesque costumes.

Front 657

grove

Back 657

N. /小树林/group of trees (smaller than a forest); orchard. To the child, the small grove of oaks was as vast as Sherwood Forest, in which he played that legendary hero, Robin Hood.

Front 658

grovel

Back 658

V. /趴，匍匐/crawl or creep on ground; remain prostrate. Even though we have been defeated, we do not have to grovel before our conquerors.

Front 659

grudging

Back 659

ADJ. /不情愿；勉强/unwilling; reluctant; stingy. We received only grudging support from the mayor despite his earlier promises of aid.

Front 660

gruel

Back 660

V. /稀粥；极度紧张/liquid food made by boiling oatmeal, etc., in milk or water. Our daily allotment of gruel made the meal not only monotonous but also unpalatable.

Front 661

grueling

Back 661

ADJ. /重罚；使其筋疲力尽/exhausting. The marathon is a grueling race.

Front 662

gruesome

Back 662

ADJ. /可怕的/grisly; horrible. His face was the stuff of nightmares: all the children in the audience screamed when Freddy Kruger's gruesome countenance was flashed on the screen.

Front 663

gruff

Back 663

ADJ. /粗糙的；粗暴的/rough-mannered. Although he was blunt and gruff with most people, he was always gentle with children.

Front 664

guffaw

Back 664

N. /狂笑，哄笑/boisterous laughter. The loud guffaws that came from the closed room indicated that the members of the committee had not yet settled down to serious business. alsoV.

Front 665

guile

Back 665

N. /奸诈狡猾；诡计/deceit; duplicity; wiliness; cunning. lago uses considerable guile to trick Othello into believing that Desde?mona has been unfaithful.

Front 666

guileless

Back 666

ADJ. /诚实的/without deceit. He is naive, simple, and guileless; he cannot be guilty of fraud.

Front 667

guise

Back 667

N. /外观；装束/appearance; costume. In the guise of a plumber, the detective investigated the murder case.

Front 668

gullible

Back 668

ADJ. /易受骗的/easily deceived. Overly gullible people have only themselves to blame if they fall for con artists repeat?edly. As the saying goes, "Fool me once, shame on you. Fool me twice, shame on me."

Front 669

gustatory

Back 669

ADJ. /味觉的/affecting the sense of taste. The Thai restaurant offered an unusual gustatory experience for those used to a bland cuisine.

Front 670

gusto

Back 670

N. /爱好，嗜好；喜欢/enjoyment; enthusiasm. He accepted the assign?ment with such gusto that I feel he would have been satis?fied with a smaller salary.

Front 671

gusty

Back 671

ADJ. /多风的/windy. The gusty weather made sailing precari?ous.

Front 672

hackneyed

Back 672

ADJ. /常见的；不希罕，陈腐/commonplace; trite. When the reviewer criticized the movie for its hackneyed plot, we agreed; we had seen similar stories hundreds of times before.

Front 673

haggard

Back 673

ADJ. /枯槁的；憔悴的/wasted away; gaunt. After his long illness, he was pale and haggard.

Front 674

haggle

Back 674

V. /讨价还价/argue about prices. I prefer to shop in a store that has a one-price policy because, whenever I haggle with a shopkeeper, I am never certain that I paid a fair price for the articles I purchased.

Front 675

hallowed

Back 675

ADJ. /神圣化的/blessed; consecrated. Although the dead girl's parents had never been active churchgoers, they insisted that their daughter be buried in hallowed ground.

Front 676

hallucination

Back 676

N. /幻觉，幻想/delusion. I think you were frightened by a hallucination you created in your own mind.

Front 677

halting

Back 677

ADJ. /犹豫的/hesitant; faltering. Novice extemporaneous speakers often talk in a halting fashion as they grope for the right words.

Front 678

hamper

Back 678

V. /阻挡，牵制，妨碍/obstruct. The new mother didn't realize how much the effort of caring for an infant would hamper her ability to keep an immaculate house.

Front 679

haphazard

Back 679

ADJ. /随机的/random; by chance. His haphazard read?ing left him unacquainted with the authors of the books.

Front 680

harangue

Back 680

N. /夸大的讲话/noisy speech. In her lengthy harangue, the principal berated the offenders. alsoV.

Front 681

harass

Back 681

V. /烦恼/to annoy by repeated attacks. When he could not pay his bills as quickly as he had promised, he was harassed by his creditors.

Front 682

harbinger

Back 682

N. /先驱/forerunner. The crocus is an early harbinger of spring.

Front 683

harbor

Back 683

V. /庇护；隐藏/provide a refuge for; hide. The church harbored illegal aliens who were political refugees.

Front 684

hardy

Back 684

ADJ. /艰苦的；勇敢的/sturdy; robust; able to stand inclement weather. We asked the gardening expert to recommend particularly hardy plants that could withstand our harsh New England winters.

Front 685

harrowing

Back 685

ADJ. /痛苦；悲怆/agonizing; distressing; traumatic. At first the former prisoner did not wish to discuss his harrowing months of captivity as a political hostage.

Front 686

haughtiness

Back 686

N. /傲慢；不逊/pride; arrogance. When she realized that Darcy believed himself too good to dance with his inferiors, Elizabeth took great offense at his haughtiness.

Front 687

hazardous

Back 687

ADJ. d/危险/angerous. Your occupation is too haz?ardous for insurance companies to consider your application.

Front 688

hazy

Back 688

ADJ. /朦胧的；模糊的/slightly obscure. In hazy weather, you cannot see the top of this mountain.

Front 689

headlong

Back 689

ADJ. /轻率的/hasty; rash. The slave seized the unex?pected chance to make a headlong dash across the border to freedom.

Front 690

headstrong

Back 690

ADJ. /硬脖子；任性；不屈/stubborn; willful; unyielding. Because she refused to marry the man her parents had chosen for her, everyone scolded Minna and called her a foolish head?strong girl.

Front 691

heckler

Back 691

N. /质问者/person who harasses others. The heckler kept interrupting the speaker with rude remarks. heckle,V.

Front 692

hedonist

Back 692

N. /享乐主义者/one who believes that pleasure is the sole aim in life. A thoroughgoing hedonist, he considered only his own pleasure and ignored any claims others had on his money or time.

Front 693

heed

Back 693

V. /注意，关注，留意/pay attention to; consider. We hope you heed our advice and get a good night's sleep before the test. also N.

Front 694

heedless

Back 694

ADJ. /轻蔑的；不理睬的/not noticing; disregarding. He drove on, heedless of the danger warnings placed at the side of the road.

Front 695

heinous

Back 695

ADJ. /可恶的，令人深恶痛绝/atrocious; hatefully bad. Hitler's heinous crimes will never be forgotten.

Front 696

herbivorous

Back 696

ADJ. /吃粮食的（动物）/grain-eating. Some herbivorous animals have two stomachs for digesting their food.

Front 697

heresy

Back 697

N. /少数意见，异端/opinion contrary to popular belief; opinion con?trary to accepted religion. Galileo's assertion that the earth moved around the sun directly contradicted the religious teachings of his day; as a result, he was tried for heresy. heretic, N.

Front 698

hermetic

Back 698

ADJ. /密封的，气密的/sealed by fusion so as to be airtight. After you sterilize the bandages, place them in a container and seal it with a hermetic seal to protect them from contamina?tion by airborne bacteria.

Front 699

hermitage

Back 699

N. /隐居的居所/home of a hermit. Even in his remote her?mitage he could not escape completely from the world.

Front 700

heterodox

Back 700

ADJ. /非主流；异端/unorthodox; unconventional. To those who upheld the belief that the earth did not move, Galileo's the?ory that the earth circled the sun was disturbingly heterodox.

Front 701

heterogeneous

Back 701

ADJ. /异类，异种；不纯/dissimilar; mixed. This year's entering class is a remarkably heterogeneous body: it includes stu?dents from forty different states and twenty-six foreign countries, some the children of billionaires, others the off?spring of welfare families. heterogenity, N.

Front 702

heyday

Back 702

N. /鼎盛时期/time of greatest success; prime. In their hey?day, the San Francisco Forty-Niners won the Super Bowl two years running.

Front 703

hiatus

Back 703

N. /缝隙；短暂的空白/gap; interruption in duration or continuity; pause. During the summer hiatus, many students try to earn enough money to pay their tuition for the next school year.

Front 704

hibernal

Back 704

ADJ. /冬天的/wintry. Bears prepare for their long hibernal sleep by overeating.

Front 705

hibernate

Back 705

V. /冬眠/sleep throughout the winter. Bears are one of the many species of animals that hibernate. hibernation, N.

Front 706

hierarchy

Back 706

N. /分级，排序了的/arrangement by rank or standing; authoritar?ian body divided into ranks. To be low man on the totem pole is to have an inferior place in the hierarchy.

Front 707

hilarity

Back 707

N. /狂欢，欢闹/boisterous mirth. This hilarity is improper on this solemn day of mourning.

Front 708

hindrance

Back 708

N. /障碍物/block; obstacle. Stalled cars along the high?way are a hindrance to traffic that tow trucks should remove without delay. hinder,V.

Front 709

histrionic

Back 709

ADJ. /戏剧性的/theatrical. He was proud of his histrionic ability and wanted to play the role of Hamlet, histrionics, N.

Front 710

hoard

Back 710

V. /储藏/stockpile; accumulate for future use. Whenever there are rumors of a food shortage, many people are tempted to hoard food. also N.

Front 711

hoary

Back 711

ADJ. /灰白的/white with age. The man was hoary and wrin?kled when he was 70.

Front 712

hoax

Back 712

N. /伎俩；小聪明/trick; practical joke. Embarrassed by the hoax, he reddened and left the room. alsoV.

Front 713

hodgepodge

Back 713

N. /大杂烩/jumble; mixture of ill-suited elements. The reviewer roundly condemned the play as a hodgepodge of random and purposeless encounters carried out by a cast lacking any uniformity of accent or style.

Front 714

holster

Back 714

N. /手枪套/pistol case. Even when he was not in uniform, he carried a holster and pistol under his arm.

Front 715

homage

Back 715

N. /敬意/honor; tribute. In her speech she tried to pay homage to a great man.

Front 716

homogeneous

Back 716

ADJ. /同类的/of the same kind. Because the student body at Elite Prep was so homogeneous, Sara and James decided to send their daughter to a school that offered greater cultural diversity. homogenize,V.

Front 717

hone

Back 717

V. /磨尖/sharpen. To make shaving easier, he honed his razor with great care.

Front 718

hoodwink

Back 718

V. /欺骗，迷惑，蛊惑/deceive; delude. Having been hoodwinked once by the fast-talking salesman, he was extremely cau?tious when he went to purchase a used car.

Front 719

horde

Back 719

N. /拥挤/crowd. Just before Christmas the stores are filled with hordes of shoppers.

Front 720

horticultural

Back 720

ADJ. /园艺的/pertaining to cultivation of gardens. When he bought his house, he began to look for flowers and decorative shrubs, and began to read books dealing with horticultural matters.

Front 721

host

Back 721

N. /很多；主人；宿主/great number; person entertaining guests; animal or plant from which a parasite gets its nourishment. You must attend to a host of details if you wish to succeed as host of a formal dinner party. Leeches are parasites that cling to their hosts and drink their hosts' blood.

Front 722

hostility

Back 722

N. /不友好，敌意/unfriendliness; hatred. A child who has been the sole object of his parents' affection often feels hostility toward a new baby in the family, resenting the newcomer who has taken his place.

Front 723

hovel

Back 723

N. /小屋/shack; small, wretched house. He wondered how poor people could stand living in such a hovel.

Front 724

hover

Back 724

V. /逗留；盘旋；等待/hang about; wait nearby. The police helicopter hovered above the accident.

Front 725

hue

Back 725

N. /色调/color; aspect. The aviary contained birds of every possible hue.

Front 726

hulking

Back 726

ADJ. /大量的，巨大的/massive; bulky; great in size. Despite his hulking build, the heavyweight boxing champion was sur?prisingly light on his feet. hulk, N.

Front 727

humane

Back 727

ADJ. /仁慈/marked by kindness or consideration. It is ironic that the Humane Society sometimes must show its compassion toward mistreated animals by killing them to put them out of their misery.

Front 728

humdrum

Back 728

ADJ. /单调的/dull; monotonous. After his years of adven?ture, he could not settle down to a humdrum existence.

Front 729

humid

Back 729

ADJ. /潮湿的/damp. She could not stand the humid climate and moved to a drier area.

Front 730

humility

Back 730

N. /谦逊/humbleness of spirit. He spoke with a humility and lack of pride that impressed his listeners.

Front 731

hurtle

Back 731

V. /冲击；碰撞；急冲/crash; rush. The runaway train hurtled toward dis?aster.

Front 732

husband

Back 732

V. /节约/use sparingly; conserve; save. Marathon run?ners must husband their energy so that they can keep going for the entire distance.

Front 733

hybrid

Back 733

N. /混合的，混血的/mongrel; mixed breed. Mendel's formula explains the appearance of hybrids and pure species in breeding. alsoADJ.

Front 734

hydrophobia

Back 734

N. /恐水症；狂犬病/rabies; fear of water. A dog that bites a human being must be observed for symptoms of hydropho?bia.

Front 735

hyperbole

Back 735

N. /夸张/exaggeration; overstatement. As far as I'm concerned, Apple's claims about the new computer are pure hyperbole: no machine is that good!

Front 736

hypercritical

Back 736

ADJ. /及其夸张/excessively exacting. You are hypercriti?cal in your demands for perfection; we all make mistakes.

Front 737

hypochondriac

Back 737

N. /无病呻吟；忧郁症/person unduly worried about his health; worrier without cause about illness. The doctor prescribed chocolate pills for his patient who was a hypochondriac.

Front 738

hypocritical

Back 738

ADJ. /伪善；欺骗/pretending to be virtuous; deceiving. Believing Eddie to be interested only in his own advance?ment, Greg resented his hypocritical posing as a friend. hypocrisy, N.

Front 739

hypothetical

Back 739

ADJ. /基于假设的，设想的，假想的/based on assumptions or hypotheses; supposed. Suppose you are accepted by Harvard, Stan?ford, and Brown. Which one would you choose to attend? Remember, this is only a hypothetical situation. hypothe?SiS, N.

Front 740

ichthyology

Back 740

N. /鱼类学/study of fish. Jacques Cousteau's pro?grams about sea life have advanced the cause of ichthyol?ogy

Front 741

icon

Back 741

N. /偶像，象征；图标/religious image; idol. The icons on the walls of the church were painted in the 13th century.

Front 742

iconoclastic

Back 742

ADJ. /打破旧习/attacking cherished traditions. Deeply iconoclastic, Jean Genet deliberately set out to shock con?ventional theatergoers with his radical plays.

Front 743

ideology

Back 743

N. /意识形态/system of ideas of a group. For people who had grown up believing in the communist ideology, it was hard to adjust to capitalism.

Front 744

idiom

Back 744

N. /习语；成语/expression whose meaning as a whole differs from the meanings of its individual words; distinctive style. The phrase "to lose one's marbles" is an idiom: if I say that Joe's lost his marbles, I'm not asking you to find some for him. I'm telling you idiomatically that he's crazy.

Front 745

idiosyncrasy

Back 745

N. /特性，特质；古怪的，离心的/individual trait, usually odd in nature; eccentricity. One of Richard Nixon's little idiosyncrasies was his liking for ketchup on cottage cheese. One of Hannibal Lecter's little idiosyncrasies was his liking for human flesh. idiosyncratic,ADJ.

Front 746

idolatry

Back 746

N. /过度崇拜/worship of idols; excessive admiration. Such idolatry of singers of country music is typical of the exces?sive enthusiasm of youth.

Front 747

ignite

Back 747

V. /点燃/kindle; light. When Desi crooned, "Baby, light my fire," literal-minded Lucy looked around for some paper to ignite.

Front 748

ignoble

Back 748

ADJ. /不高贵的；不光彩的/of lowly origin; unworthy. This plan is inspired by ignoble motives and I must, therefore, oppose it.

Front 749

ignominy

Back 749

N. /丢脸；抹黑；耻辱/deep disgrace; shame or dishonor. To lose the Ping-Pong match to a trained chimpanzee! How could Rollo stand the ignominy of his defeat? ignominious,ADJ.

Front 750

illicit

Back 750

ADJ. /非法的/illegal. The defense attorney maintained that his client had never performed any illicit action.

Front 751

illimitable

Back 751

ADJ. /无限/infinite. Man, having explored the far corners of the earth, is now reaching out into illimitable space.

Front 752

illuminate

Back 752

V. /照亮；明朗；澄清/brighten; clear up or make understandable; enlighten. Just as a lamp can illuminate a dark room, a per?ceptive comment can illuminate a knotty problem.

Front 753

illusion

Back 753

N. /幻觉/misleading vision. It is easy to create an optical illusion in which lines of equal length appear different.

Front 754

illusory

Back 754

ADJ. /虚幻的，不真实的/deceptive; not real. Unfortunately, the costs of running the lemonade stand were so high that Tom's profits proved illusory.

Front 755

imbalance

Back 755

N. /不平衡，不成比例/lack of balance or symmetry; disproportion. To correct racial imbalance in the schools, school boards have bussed black children into white neighborhoods and white children into black ones.

Front 756

imbibe

Back 756

V. /吸收/drink in. The dry soil imbibed the rain quickly.

Front 757

immaculate

Back 757

ADJ. /无暇的/spotless; flawless; absolutely clean. Ken and Jessica were wonderful tenants and left the apartment in immaculate condition when they moved out.

Front 758

imminent

Back 758

ADJ. /即将到来，逼近的/near at hand; impending. Rosa was such a last-minute worker that she could never start writing a paper till the deadline was imminent.

Front 759

immobility

Back 759

N. /无法移动，不可移动的/state of being immovable. Modern armies cannot afford the luxury of immobility, as they are vulnera?ble to attack while standing still.

Front 760

immune

Back 760

ADJ. /免疫；抵抗/resistant to; free or exempt from. Fortunately, Florence had contracted chicken pox as a child and was immune to it when her baby broke out in spots.

Front 761

immutable

Back 761

ADJ. /不可动摇的，不能改变的/unchangeable. All things change over time; nothing is immutable.

Front 762

impair

Back 762

V. /伤害/injure; hurt. Drinking alcohol can impair your abil?ity to drive safely; if you're going to drink, don't drive.

Front 763

impale

Back 763

V. /刺穿/Pierce. He was impaled by the spear hurled by his adversary.

Front 764

impalpable

Back 764

ADJ. /难以明了，难以觉察的/imperceptible; intangible. The ash is so fine that it is impalpable to the touch but it can be seen as a fine layer covering the window ledge.

Front 765

impart

Back 765

V. /赋予；告诉/reveal or tell; grant. Polly begged Grandma to impart her recipe for rugeleh, but her grandmother wouldn't say a word.

Front 766

impartial

Back 766

ADJ. /公平的/not biased; fair. Knowing she could not be impartial about her own child, Jo refused to judge any match in which Billy was competing.

Front 767

impassable

Back 767

ADJ. /无路可通的；没法通行/not able to be traveled or crossed. A giant redwood had fallen across the highway, blocking all four lanes: the road was impassable.

Front 768

impasse

Back 768

N. /走投无路；僵局/predicament from which there is no escape; deadlock. In this impasse, all turned to prayer as their last hope.

Front 769

impassive

Back 769

ADJ. /冷漠的/without feeling; imperturbable; stoical. Refusing to let the enemy see how deeply shaken he was by his capture, the prisoner kept his face impassive.

Front 770

impeach

Back 770

V. /控告，检举；弹劾/charge with crime in office; indict. The angry congressman wanted to impeach the president for his mis?deeds.

Front 771

impeccable

Back 771

ADJ. /没有缺点/faultless. The uncrowned queen of the fashion industry, Diana was acclaimed for her impeccable taste.

Front 772

impecunious

Back 772

ADJ. /身无分文的/without money. Though Scrooge claimed he was too impecunious to give alms, he easily could have afforded to be charitable.

Front 773

impede

Back 773

V. /阻止；拖延/hinder; block; delay. A series of accidents impeded the launching of the space shuttle.

Front 774

impediment

Back 774

N. /妨碍；障碍物/hindrance; stumbling-block. She had a speech impediment that prevented her speaking clearly.

Front 775

impel

Back 775

V. /驱使/drive or force onward. A strong feeling of urgency impelled her; if she failed to finish the project right then, she knew that she would never get it done.

Front 776

impenetrable

Back 776

ADJ. /难以进入的；难以渗透的；不可理解的/not able to be pierced or entered; beyond understanding. How could the murderer have got?ten into the locked room? To Watson, the mystery, like the room, was impenetrable.

Front 777

impending

Back 777

ADJ. /接近的；附近的/nearing; approaching. The entire country was saddened by the news of his impending death.

Front 778

impenitent

Back 778

ADJ. /执迷不悟的/not repentant. We could see from his tough guy attitude that he was impenitent.

Front 779

imperative

Back 779

ADJ. /及其重要，及其关键/absolutely necessary; critically important. It is imperative that you be extremely agreeable to Great?Aunt Maud when she comes to tea: otherwise she might not leave you that million dollars in her will. also N.

Front 780

imperceptible

Back 780

ADJ. /察觉不到的/unnoticeable; undetectable. Fortu?nately, the stain on the blouse was imperceptible after the blouse had gone through the wash.

Front 781

imperial

Back 781

ADJ. /帝王的；皇帝的/like an emperor; related to an empire. When hotel owner Leona Helmsley appeared in ads as Queen Leona standing guard over the Palace Hotel, her critics mocked her imperial fancies.

Front 782

imperious

Back 782

ADJ. /专横的/domineering; haughty. Jane rather liked a man to be masterful, but Mr. Rochester seemed so bent on getting his own way that he was actually imperious!

Front 783

impermeable

Back 783

ADJ. /不能渗透的/impervious; not permitting passage through its substance. This new material is impermeable to liquids.

Front 784

impertinent

Back 784

ADJ. /不相干的；鲁莽的/insolent; rude. His neighbors' impertinent curiosity about his lack of dates angered Ted. It was down?right rude of them to ask him such personal questions.

Front 785

imperturbable

Back 785

ADJ. /沉着冷静；平静/calm; placid; composed. In the midst of the battle, the Duke of Wellington remained imper?turbable and in full command of the situation despite the hysteria and panic all around him. imperturbability, N.

Front 786

Impervious

Back 786

ADJ. /不会被损的；不能渗透的/impenetrable; incapable of being dam?aged or distressed. The carpet salesman told Simone that his most expensive brand of floor covering was warranted to be impervious to ordinary wear and tear. Having read so many negative reviews of his acting, the movie star had learned to ignore them, and was now impervious to criticism.

Front 787

impetuous

Back 787

ADJ. /冲动的，鲁莽的/violent; hasty; rash. "Leap before you look" was the motto suggested by one particularly impetuous young man.

Front 788

impetus

Back 788

N. /动力；动机/incentive; stimulus; moving force. A new fed?eral highway program would create jobs and give added impetus to our economic recovery.

Front 789

impiety

Back 789

N. /不敬（对神）；不虔诚/irreverence; lack of respect for God. When members of the youth group draped the church in toilet paper one Halloween, the minister reprimanded them for their impiety.

Front 790

impinge

Back 790

V. /撞击；碰撞/infringe; touch;. collide with. How could they be married without impinging on one another's freedom?

Front 791

impious

Back 791

ADJ. /不敬的；不礼貌的/irreverent. The congregation was offended by her impious remarks.

Front 792

implacable

Back 792

ADJ. /不能平静的/incapable of being pacified. Madame Defarge was the implacable enemy of the Evremonde family.

Front 793

implausible

Back 793

ADJ. /难以置信的；不像是真的/unlikely; unbelievable. Though her alibi seemed implausible, it in fact turned out to be true.

Front 794

implement

Back 794

V. /贯彻，实现；用工具实现/put into effect; supply with tools. The mayor was unwilling to implement the plan until she was sure it had the governor's backing. also N.

Front 795

implicate

Back 795

V. /牵连，牵扯（犯罪）；暗示/incriminate; show to be involved. Here's the deal: if you agree to take the witness stand and implicate your partners in crime, the prosecution will recommend that the judge go easy in sentencing you.

Front 796

implication

Back 796

N. /含义；暗示/something hinted at or suggested. When Miss Watson said she hadn't seen her purse since the last time Jim was in the house, the implication was that she sus?pected Jim had taken it. imply,V.

Front 797

implicit

Back 797

ADJ. /会意的，意会而不言传；暗示的/understood but not stated. Jack never told Jill he adored her; he believed his love was implicit in his actions.

Front 798

implore

Back 798

V. /恳求/beg. He implored her to give him a second chance.

Front 799

imply

Back 799

V. /暗示；表示/suggest a meaning not expressed; signify. When Aunt Millie said, "My! That's a big piece of pie, young man!" was she implying that Bobby was being a glutton in helping himself to such a huge piece?

Front 800

importunate

Back 800

ADJ. /胡搅蛮缠的；苛刻的/urging; demanding. He tried to hide from his importunate creditors until his allowance arrived.

Front 801

importune

Back 801

V. /强求；不停的求/beg persistently. Democratic and Republi?can phone solicitors importuned her for contributions so fre?quently that she decided to give nothing to either party.

Front 802

impostor

Back 802

N. /冒充者；冒名顶替的人/someone who assumes a false identity. Holmes exposed the doctor as an impostor.

Front 803

impotent

Back 803

ADJ. /无能的；弱的/weak; ineffective. Although he wished to break the nicotine habit, he found himself impotent in resist?ing the craving for a cigarette.

Front 804

impoverished

Back 804

ADJ. /穷/poor. The loss of their farm left the fam?ily impoverished and without hope.

Front 805

impregnable

Back 805

ADJ. /不受影响的；无敌的/invulnerable. Until the development of the airplane as a military weapon, the fort was considered impregnable.

Front 806

impromptu

Back 806

ADJ. /一时冲动的；即兴的/without previous preparation; off the cuff; on the spur of the moment. The judges were amazed that she could make such a thorough, well-supported presenta?tion in an impromptu speech.

Front 807

impropriety

Back 807

N. /不合适，不恰当/improperness; unsuitableness. Because of the impropriety of the punk rocker's slashed T-shirt and jeans, the management refused to admit him to the hotel's very formal dining room.

Front 808

improvident

Back 808

ADJ. /浪费的/thriftless. He was constantly being warned to mend his improvident ways and begin to "save for a rainy day." improvidence, N.

Front 809

improvise

Back 809

V. /临时准备；即席创作，现编/compose on the spur of the moment. She would sit at the piano and improvise for hours on themes from Bach and Handel.

Front 810

imprudent

Back 810

ADJ. /轻率的，判断错误的/lacking caution; injudicious. It is imprudent to exercise vigorously and become overheated when you are unwell.

Front 811

impudence

Back 811

N. /无礼；厚颜无耻/impertinence; insolence. Kissed on the cheek by a perfect stranger, Lady Catherine exclaimed, "Of all the nerve! Young man, I should have you horse-whipped for your impudence."

Front 812

impugn

Back 812

V. /打击；挑战/dispute or contradict (often in an insulting way); challenge; gainsay. Our treasurer was furious when the finance committee's report impugned the accuracy of his financial records and recommended that he should take bonehead math.

Front 813

impunity

Back 813

N. /免受惩罚/freedom from punishment or harm. A 98?pound weakling can't attack a beachfront bully with impunity. the poor, puny guy is sure to get mashed.

Front 814

inadvertently

Back 814

ADV. /不经意的/unintentionally; by oversight; care?lessly. Judy's great fear was that she might inadvertently omit a question on the exam and mismark her whole answer sheet.

Front 815

inalienable

Back 815

ADJ. /无可取代的；不能给与的/not to be taken away; nontransferable. The Declaration of Independence mentions the inalienable rights that all of us possess.

Front 816

inane

Back 816

ADJ. /傻；粗心/silly; senseless. There's no point to what you're saying. Why are you bothering to make such inane remarks?

Front 817

inanimate

Back 817

ADJ. /了无生气的，死气沉沉的/lifeless. She was asked to identify the still and inanimate body.

Front 818

inarticulate

Back 818

ADJ. /不善于表达的；口齿不清的/speechless; producing indistinct speech. He became inarticulate with rage and uttered sounds with?out meaning.

Front 819

inaugurate

Back 819

V. /开始；开幕；开幕式/start; initiate; install in office. The airline decided to inaugurate its new route to the Far East with a special reduced fare offer. inaugural,ADJ.

Front 820

incandescent

Back 820

ADJ. /白炽的/strikingly bright; shining with intense heat. If you leave on an incandescent light bulb, it quickly grows too hot to touch.

Front 821

incantation

Back 821

N. /咒语/singing or chanting of magic spells; magical formula. Uttering incantations to make the brew more potent, the witch doctor stirred the liquid in the caldron.

Front 822

incapacitate

Back 822

V. /使其无能力/disable. During the winter, many people were incapacitated by respiratory ailments.

Front 823

incarcerate

Back 823

V. /囚禁/imprison. The civil rights workers were will?ing to be arrested and even incarcerated if by their impris?onment they could serve the cause.

Front 824

incarnation

Back 824

N. /化身；具人形/act of assuming a human body and human nature. The incarnation of Jesus Christ is a basic tenet of Christian theology.

Front 825

incendiary

Back 825

N. /纵火者/arsonist. The fire spread in such an unusual manner that the fire department chiefs were certain that it had been set by an incendiary. alsoADJ.

Front 826

incense

Back 826

V. /激怒/enrage; infuriate. Cruelty to defenseless ani?mals incensed Kit: the very idea brought tears of anger to her eyes.

Front 827

incentive

Back 827

N. /刺激，驱动/spur; motive. Mike's strong desire to outshine his big sister was all the incentive he needed to do well in school.

Front 828

inception

Back 828

N. /开始，开端/start; beginning. She was involved with the project from its inception.

Front 829

incessant

Back 829

ADJ. /不停的/uninterrupted; unceasing. In a famous TV commercial, the frogs' incessant croaking goes on and on until eventually it turns into a single word: "Bud-weis-er."

Front 830

inchoate

Back 830

ADJ. /未成型的，早期的，刚开始的，发展中的/recently begun; rudimentary; elementary. Before the Creation, the world was an inchoate mass.

Front 831

incidence

Back 831

N. /发生；发生率；影响的范围、频度；入射角；关联，相结合，对接/rate of occurrence; particular occurrence. Health professionals expressed great concern over the high incidence of infant mortality in major urban areas.

Front 832

incidental

Back 832

ADJ. /不重要的；少数的/not essential; minor. The scholarship cov?ered his major expenses at college and some of his inci?dental expenses as well.

Front 833

incipient

Back 833

ADJ. /开始；早期的/beginning; in an early stage. I will go to sleep early for I want to break an incipient cold.

Front 834

incisive

Back 834

ADJ. /尖锐；深刻，激烈/cutting; sharp. His incisive remarks made us see the fallacy in our plans.

Front 835

incite

Back 835

V. /煽动，刺激，驱使/arouse to action; goad; motivate; induce to exist. In a fiery speech, Mario incited his fellow students to go out on strike to protest the university's anti-affirmative action stand.

Front 836

inclement

Back 836

ADJ. /险恶的；严酷的/stormy; unkind. In inclement weather, I like to curl up on the sofa with a good book and listen to the storm blowing outside.

Front 837

incline

Back 837

N. /倾斜，斜面/slope; slant. The architect recommended that the nursing home's ramp be rebuilt because its incline was too steep for wheelchairs.

Front 838

inclined

Back 838

ADJ. /倾向；倾向于，弯曲/tending or leaning toward; bent. Though I am inclined to be skeptical, the witness's manner inclines me to believe his story. alsoV.

Front 839

inclusive

Back 839

ADJ. /包揽一切的/tending to include all. The comedian turned down the invitation to join the Players' Club, saying any club that would let him in was too inclusive for him.

Front 840

incoherent

Back 840

ADJ. /缺乏逻辑的，不聪明的；陈腐的/unintelligible; muddled; illogical. The excited fan blushed and stammered, her words becoming almost incoherent in the thrill of meeting her favorite rock star face to face. incoherence, N.

Front 841

incompatible

Back 841

ADJ. /不和谐；不兼容/inharmonious. The married couple argued incessantly and finally decided to separate because they were incompatible. incompatibility, N.

Front 842

incongruous

Back 842

ADJ. /不调和的；荒谬的/not fitting; absurd. Dave saw nothing incongruous about wearing sneakers with his tuxedo; he couldn't understand why his date took one look at him and started to laugh. incongruity, N.

Front 843

inconsequential

Back 843

ADJ. /不合理的，不重要的/insignificant; unimportant. Brushing off Ali's apologies for having broken the wineglass, Tamara said, "Don't worry about it; it's inconsequential."

Front 844

inconsistency

Back 844

N. /不一致的，自相矛盾的/state of being self-contradictory; lack of uniformity or steadiness. How are lawyers different from agricultural inspectors? While lawyers check inconsisten?cies in witnesses' statements, agricultural inspectors check inconsistencies in Grade A eggs. inconsistent,ADJ.

Front 845

incontinent

Back 845

ADJ. /缺乏自制力，放肆/lacking self-restraint; licentious. His incon?tinent behavior off stage so shocked many people that they refused to attend the plays and movies in which he appeared.

Front 846

incontrovertible

Back 846

ADJ. /无疑的，无可争议的/indisputable; not open to question. Unless you find the evidence against my client absolutely incontrovertible, you must declare her not guilty of this charge.

Front 847

incorporate

Back 847

V. /合并，联合/introduce something into a larger whole; combine; unite. Breaking with precedent, President Truman ordered the military to incorporate blacks into every branch of the armed services. alsoADJ.

Front 848

incorporeal

Back 848

ADJ. /非物质的，无形的；无实体的/lacking a material body; insubstantial. While Casper the friendly ghost is an incorporeal being, nevertheless he and his fellow ghosts make quite an impact on the physical world.

Front 849

incorrigible

Back 849

ADJ. /不可救药/not correctable. Though Widow Douglass hoped to reform Huck, Miss Watson called him incorrigible and said he would come to no good end.

Front 850

incredulous

Back 850

ADJ. /怀疑的/withholding belief; skeptical. When Jack claimed he hadn't eaten the jelly doughnut, Jill took an incredulous look at his smeared face and laughed. incredulity, N.

Front 851

increment

Back 851

N. /增加/increase. The new contract calls for a 10 percent increment in salary for each employee for the next two years.

Front 852

incriminate

Back 852

V. /控告/accuse. The evidence gathered against the racketeers incriminates some high public officials as well.

Front 853

incrustation

Back 853

N. /驻扎/hard coating or crust. In dry dock, we scraped off the incrustation of dirt and barnacles that cov?ered the hull of the ship.

Front 854

incubate

Back 854

V. /孵卵/hatch; scheme. Inasmuch as our supply of electricity is cut off, we shall have to rely on the hens to incubate these eggs.

Front 855

inculcate

Back 855

V. /谆谆教导/teach; instill. In an effort to inculcate religious devotion, the officials ordered that the school day begin with the singing of a hymn.

Front 856

incumbent

Back 856

ADJ. /义不容辞的，职责在身的/obligatory; currently holding an office. It is incumbent upon all incumbent elected officials to keep accurate records of expenses incurred in office. also N.

Front 857

incur

Back 857

V. /招致/bring upon oneself. His parents refused to pay any future debts he might incur.

Front 858

incursion

Back 858

N. /袭击/temporary invasion. The nightly incursions and hit-and-run raids of our neighbors across the border tried the patience of the country to the point where we decided to retaliate in force.

Front 859

indefatigable

Back 859

ADJ. /疲倦/tireless. Although the effort of taking out the garbage tired Wayne out for the entire morning, when it came to partying, he was indefatigable.

Front 860

indelible

Back 860

ADJ. /去不掉的；不可磨灭的/not able to be erased. The indelible ink left a permanent mark on my shirt. Young Bill Clinton's meeting with President Kennedy made an indelible impression on the youth.

Front 861

indentation

Back 861

N. /槽；小开口/notch; deep recess. You can tell one tree from another by examining their leaves and noting the dif?ferences in the indentations along the edges of the leaves. indent,V.

Front 862

indenture

Back 862

V. /契约/bind as servant or apprentice to master. Many immigrants could come to America only after they had indentured themselves for several years. also N.

Front 863

indeterminate

Back 863

ADJ. /不确定/uncertain; not clearly fixed; indefinite. That interest rates shall rise appears certain; when they will do so, however, remains indeterminate.

Front 864

indicative

Back 864

ADJ. /预示的/suggestive; implying. A lack of appetite may be indicative of a major mental or physical disorder.

Front 865

indices

Back 865

n. PL. /符号；暗示/signs; indications. Many college admissions officers believe that SAT scores and high school grades are the best indices of a student's potential to succeed in col?lege.

Front 866

indict

Back 866

V. /控告；起诉/charge. The district attorney didn't want to indict the suspect until she was sure she had a strong enough case to convince a jury. indictment, N.

Front 867

indifferent

Back 867

ADJ. /普通的，无关紧要的/unmoved or unconcerned by; mediocre. Because Ann felt no desire to marry, she was indifferent to Carl's constant proposals. Not only was she indifferent to him personally, but she felt that, given his general silliness, he would make an indifferent husband.

Front 868

indigenous

Back 868

ADJ. native. Cigarettes are made of tobacco, a plant indigenous to the New World.

Front 869

indigent

Back 869

ADJ. /穷困的/poor; destitute. Someone who is truly indi?gent can't even afford to buy a pack of cigarettes. [Don't mix up indigent and indigenous. See previous sentence.]

Front 870

indignation

Back 870

N. /义愤；愤慨/anger at an injustice. He felt indignation at the ill-treatment of helpless animals.

Front 871

indignity

Back 871

N. /侮辱/offensive or insulting treatment. Although he seemed to accept cheerfully the indignities heaped upon him, he was inwardly very angry.

Front 872

indiscretion

Back 872

N. /轻率；莽撞/lack of tactfulness or sound judgment. Ter?rified that the least indiscretion could jeopardize his political career, the novice politician never uttered an unguarded word. indiscreet,ADJ.

Front 873

indiscriminate

Back 873

ADJ. /随意的；不分青红皂白的/choosing at random; confused. She disapproved of her son's indiscriminate television viewing and decided to restrict him to educational programs.

Front 874

indisputable

Back 874

ADJ. /没有争论余地；非常清楚的/too certain to be disputed. In the face of these indisputable statements, I withdraw my complaint.

Front 875

indissoluble

Back 875

ADJ. /不能分解的；永久的/permanent. The indissoluble bonds of marriage are all too often being dissolved.

Front 876

indoctrinate

Back 876

V. /教导；灌输/instruct in a doctrine or ideology. Cuban?Americans resisted sending Elian Gonzalez back to Cuba because he would be indoctrinated there with Communist principles.

Front 877

indolent

Back 877

ADJ. /懒惰/lazy. Couch potatoes lead an indolent life lying back on their Lazyboy recliners watching Tv. indo?lence, N.

Front 878

indomitable

Back 878

ADJ. /不屈服的；不可被征服的/unconquerable; unyielding. Focusing on her game despite all her personal problems, tennis cham?pion Steffi Graf proved she had an indomitable will to win.

Front 879

indubitable

Back 879

ADJ. /不容置疑的；无疑的/unable to be doubted; unquestionable. Auditioning for the chorus line, Molly was an indubitable hit: the director fired the leading lady and hired Molly in her place!

Front 880

induce

Back 880

V. /劝诱；导致，引起/persuade; bring about. After the quarrel, Tina said nothing could induce her to talk to Tony again. induce?ment, N.

Front 881

indulgent

Back 881

ADJ. /宽容，纵容，溺爱/humoring; yielding; lenient. Jay's mom was excessively indulgent she bought him every Nintendo car?tridge and video game on the market. She indulged Jay so much, she spoiled him rotten.

Front 882

industrious

Back 882

ADJ. /勤奋的，努力的/diligent; hard-working. Look busy when the boss walks by your desk; it never hurts to appear indus?trious. industry, N.

Front 883

inebriated

Back 883

ADJ. /醉的/habitually intoxicated; drunk. Abe was ine?briated more often than he was sober. Because of his ine?briety, he was discharged from his job as a bus driver.

Front 884

ineffable

Back 884

ADJ. /不可言喻的，无法用语言表达的；不能说的，避讳的/unutterable; cannot be expressed in speech. Such ineffable joy must be experienced; it cannot be described.

Front 885

ineffectual

Back 885

ADJ. /无效的，弱的/not effective; weak. Because the candi?date failed to get across his message to the public, his campaign was ineffectual.

Front 886

inefficacious

Back 886

ADJ. /无能的，无效的/not effective; unable to produce a desired result. All Lois's coaxing and urging was ineffica?cious: Clark still refused to join her and Superman for din?ner. inefficacy, N.

Front 887

inept

Back 887

ADJ. /不相称的，不合适的，不称职的/lacking skill; unsuited; incompetent. The inept glovemaker was all thumbs.

Front 888

inequity

Back 888

N. /不公平/unfairness. In demanding equal pay for equal work, women protest the basic inequity of a system that gives greater financial rewards to men.

Front 889

inert

Back 889

ADJ. /惰性的，不活跃的/inactive; lacking power to move. "Get up, you lazybones," she cried to her husband, who lay in bed inert. inertia, N.

Front 890

inevitable

Back 890

ADJ. /不可避免地/unavoidable. Though death and taxes are both supposedly inevitable, some people avoid paying taxes for years.

Front 891

inexorable

Back 891

ADJ. /无情的；残酷的/relentless; unyielding; implacable. After listening to the pleas for clemency, the judge was inex?orable and gave the convicted man the maximum punish?ment allowed by law.

Front 892

infallible

Back 892

ADJ. /一贯正确的/unerring. We must remember that none of us is infallible; we all make mistakes.

Front 893

infamous

Back 893

ADJ. /臭名昭著的，恶名远扬的/notoriously bad. Charles Manson and Jef?frey Dahmer are both infamous killers.

Front 894

infantile

Back 894

ADJ. /婴儿的，幼稚的/childish. When will he outgrow such infantile behavior?

Front 895

infer

Back 895

V. /推导，总结/deduce; conclude. From the students' glazed looks, it was easy for me to infer that they were bored out of their minds. inference, N.

Front 896

infernal

Back 896

ADJ. /魔鬼的，地狱的/pertaining to hell; devilish. Batman was baf?fled: he could think of no way to hinder the Joker's infernal scheme to destroy the city.

Front 897

infidel

Back 897

N. /异教徒，异端；不信宗教的/unbeliever. The Saracens made war against the infidels.

Front 898

infiltrate

Back 898

V. /渗透/pass into or through; penetrate (an organiza?tion) sneakily. In order to be able to infiltrate enemy lines at night without being seen, the scouts darkened their faces and wore black coveralls. infiltrator, N.

Front 899

infinitesimal

Back 899

ADJ. /微小的/very small. In the twentieth century, physi?cists have made their greatest discoveries about the charac?teristics of infinitesimal objects like the atom and its parts.

Front 900

infirmity

Back 900

N. /弱点/weakness. Her greatest infirmity was lack of willpower.

Front 901

inflated

Back 901

ADJ. /夸张的，虚华的，被放大的/exaggerated; pompous; enlarged (with air or gas). His claims about the new product were inflated, it did not work as well as he had promised.

Front 902

influx

Back 902

N. /注入，流入/flowing into. The influx of refugees into the coun?try has taxed the relief agencies severely.

Front 903

informal

Back 903

ADJ. /非正式的；不拘礼节的/absence of ceremony; casual. The English teacher preferred informal discussions to prepared lectures.

Front 904

infraction

Back 904

N. /打破（常规）/violation (of a rule or regulation); breach. When Dennis Rodman butted heads with that referee, he committed a clear infraction of NBA rules.

Front 905

infuriate

Back 905

V. /激怒，热火/enrage; anger. Her big brother's teasing always infuriated Margaret; no matter how hard she tried to keep her temper, he always got her goat.

Front 906

infusion

Back 906

N. /灌输；浸泡；注入/act of introducing or instilling a quality; liquid solution. The rookie quarterback brought an infusion of new life and vigor to the tired team. infuse,V.

Front 907

ingenious

Back 907

ADJ. /聪明的/clever; resourceful. Kit admired the inge?nious way that her computer keyboard opened up to reveal the built-in CD-ROM below. ingenuity, N.

Front 908

ingenue

Back 908

N. /天真无邪的少女；扮演天真无邪的少女的女演员/an artless girl; an actress who plays such parts. Although she was forty, she still insisted that she be cast as an ingenue and refused to play more mature roles.

Front 909

ingenuous

Back 909

ADJ. /心无城府的；天真的；幼稚的；可信的/naive and trusting; young; unsophisti?cated. The woodsman had not realized how ingenuous Lit?tle Red Riding Hood was until he heard that she had gone off for a walk in the woods with the Big Bad Wolf.

Front 910

ingrained

Back 910

ADJ. /牢固的；深深扎根的；深入人心的/deeply established; firmly rooted. Try as they would, the missionaries were unable to uproot the ingrained superstitions of the natives.

Front 911

ingrate

Back 911

N. /忘恩负义者；不领情的人/ungrateful person. That ingrate Bob sneered at the tie I gave him.

Front 912

ingratiate

Back 912

V. /迎合，讨好；流行开来/become popular with. He tried to ingratiate himself into her parents' good graces.

Front 913

inherent

Back 913

ADJ. /固有的，内在的；与生俱来的/firmly established by nature or habit. Katya's inherent love of justice caused her to champion anyone she considered treated unfairly by society.

Front 914

inhibit

Back 914

V. /限制，防止；阻碍/restrain; retard or prevent. Only two things inhib?ited him from taking a punch at Mike Tyson: Tyson's left hook, and Tyson's right jab. The protective undercoating on my car inhibits the formation of rust.

Front 915

inimical

Back 915

ADJ. /不友好的；敌意的；有害的/unfriendly; hostile; harmful; detrimental. I've always been friendly to Martha. Why is she so inimical to me?

Front 916

inimitable

Back 916

ADJ. /独一无二的，独特的；防伪的，难以模仿的/matchless; not able to be imitated. We admire Auden for his inimitable use of language; he is one of a kind.

Front 917

iniquitous

Back 917

ADJ. /邪恶的/wicked; immoral; unrighteous. Whether or not King Richard III was responsible for the murder of the two young princes in the Tower, it was an iniquitous deed. iniquity, N.

Front 918

initiate

Back 918

V. /开始，发源/begin; originate; receive into a group. The col?lege is about to initiate a program in reducing math anxiety among students.

Front 919

injurious

Back 919

ADJ./有害的/ harmful. Smoking cigarettes can be injurious to your health.

Front 920

inkling

Back 920

N. /暗示，提示/hint. This came as a complete surprise to me as I did not have the slightest inkling of your plans.

Front 921

innate

Back 921

ADJ. /先天的，天生的/inborn. Mozart's parents soon recognized young Wolfgang's innate talent for music.

Front 922

innocuous

Back 922

ADJ. /无害的，无辜的/harmless. An occasional glass of wine with dinner is relatively innocuous and should have no ill effect on you.

Front 923

innovation

Back 923

N. /发明；变革/change; introduction of something new. Although Richard liked to keep up with all the latest techno?logical innovations, he didn't always abandon tried and true techniques in favor of something new. innovate,V.

Front 924

innovative

Back 924

ADJ. /新奇的；创新的/novel; introducing a change. The estab?lishment of our SAT I computer data base has enabled us to come up with some innovative tactics for doing well on the SAT.

Front 925

innuendo

Back 925

N. /暗示，旁侧敲击；暗讽；讽刺，冷嘲热讽/hint; insinuation. I can defend myself against direct accusations; innuendos and oblique attacks on my character are what trouble me.

Front 926

inopportune

Back 926

ADJ. /不合时宜的/untimely; poorly chosen. A rock concert is an inopportune setting for a quiet conversation.

Front 927

inordinate

Back 927

ADJ. /紊乱的；不受限制的/unrestrained; excessive. She had an inor?dinate fondness for candy, eating two or three boxes in a single day.

Front 928

inquisitor

Back 928

N. /调查者；盘问者/questioner (especially harsh); investigator. Fearing being grilled ruthlessly by the secret police, Masha faced her inquisitors with trepidation.

Front 929

insalubrious

Back 929

ADJ. /有害的/unwholesome; not healthful. The mos?quito-ridden swamp was an insalubrious place, a breeding ground for malarial contagion.

Front 930

insatiable

Back 930

ADJ. /不容易伺候的；贪婪的/not easily satisfied; unquenchable; greedy. David's appetite for oysters was insatiable: he could easily eat four dozen at a single sitting.

Front 931

inscrutable

Back 931

ADJ. /不可渗透的；不可理解的，谜/impenetrable; not readily understood; mysterious. Experienced poker players try to keep their expressions inscrutable, hiding their reactions to the cards behind a so-called "poker face."

Front 932

insensible

Back 932

ADJ. /迟钝的；硬心肠的/unconscious; unresponsive. Sherry and I are very different; at times when I would be covered with embarrassment, she seems insensible to shame.

Front 933

insidious

Back 933

ADJ. /阴险的，奸诈的，狡猾的；鬼鬼祟祟的/treacherous; stealthy; sly. The fifth column is insidious because it works secretly within our territory for our defeat.

Front 934

insightful

Back 934

ADJ. /有洞察力的/discerning; perceptive. Sol thought he was very insightful about human behavior, but he was actually clueless as to why people acted the way they did.

Front 935

insinuate

Back 935

V. /暗示，含沙射影；慢慢的夺取，巧妙的迂回（进入）/hint; imply; creep in. When you said I looked robust, did you mean to insinuate that I'm getting fat?

Front 936

insipid

Back 936

ADJ. /索然无味的；单调的/lacking in flavor; dull. Flat prose and flat gin?ger ale are equally insipid: both lack sparkle.

Front 937

insolence

Back 937

N. /傲慢/impudent disrespect; haughtiness. How dare you treat me so rudely! The manager will hear of your inso?lence. insolent,ADJ.

Front 938

insolvent

Back 938

ADJ. /破产/bankrupt; unable to repay one's debts. Although young Lord Widgeon was insolvent, he had no fear of being thrown into debtors' prison, for he was sure that if his creditors pressed him for payment his wealthy parents would repay what he owed. insolvency, N.

Front 939

insomnia

Back 939

N. /失眠/wakefulness; inability to sleep. He refused to join us in a midnight cup of coffee because he claimed it gave him insomnia.

Front 940

instigate

Back 940

V. /驱使；激励，鼓动/urge; start; provoke. Rumors of police corrup?tion led the mayor to instigate an investigation into the department's activities.

Front 941

insubordination

Back 941

N. /反抗，不屈/disobedience; rebelliousness. At the slightest hint of insubordination from the sailors of the Bounty, Captain Bligh had them flogged; finally, they mutinied.

Front 942

insubstantial

Back 942

ADJ. /无实体的，虚无的；脆弱的，不坚固的/lacking substance; insignificant; frail. His hopes for a career in acting proved insubstantial; no one would cast him, even in an insubstantial role.

Front 943

insularity

Back 943

N. /与外界隔绝；僵化；思想狭窄/narrow-mindedness; isolation. The insularity of the islanders manifested itself in their suspicion of anything foreign. insular,ADJ.

Front 944

insulated

Back 944

ADJ. /分离；隔离/set apart; isolated. A well-to-do bachelor, James spent his money freely, insulated from the cares of his friends, who had families to support.

Front 945

insuperable

Back 945

ADJ. /不可战胜的，不能克服的/insurmountable; unbeatable. Though the odds against their survival seemed insuperable, the Apollo 13 astronauts reached earth safely.

Front 946

insurgent

Back 946

ADJ. /造反的，起义的/rebellious. Because the insurgent forces had occupied the capital and had gained control of the rail?way lines, several of the war correspondents covering the uprising predicted a rebel victory.

Front 947

insurmountable

Back 947

ADJ. /不能克服的，不能超越的/overwhelming; unbeatable; insupera?ble. Faced by almost insurmountable obstacles, the mem?bers of the underground maintained their courage and will to resist.

Front 948

insurrection

Back 948

N. /谋反的，造反的/rebellion; uprising. In retrospect, given how badly the British treated the American colonists, the even?tual insurrection seems inevitable.

Front 949

intangible

Back 949

ADJ. /难以明了的，无形的；暧昧的，模糊的/not able to be perceived by touch; vague. Though the financial benefits of his Oxford post were mea?ger, Lewis was drawn to it by its intangible rewards: pres?tige, intellectual freedom, the fellowship of his peers.

Front 950

integral

Back 950

ADJ. /一体的，完整的/complete; necessary for completeness. Phys?ical education is an integral part of our curriculum; a sound mind and a sound body are complementary.

Front 951

integrate

Back 951

V. /整合，合并/make whole; combine; make into one unit. She tried to integrate all their activities into one program.

Front 952

integrity

Back 952

N. /完整性/uprightness; wholeness. Lincoln, whose per?sonal integrity has inspired millions, fought a civil war to maintain the integrity of the Republic, that these United States might remain undivided for all time.

Front 953

intellect

Back 953

N. /智力/higher mental powers. He thought college would develop his intellect.

Front 954

intelligentsia

Back 954

N. /知识分子；知识界/the intelligent and educated classes [often used derogatorily]. She preferred discussions about sports and politics to the literary conversations of the intelligentsia.

Front 955

intemperate

Back 955

ADJ. /过度的；极端的；放纵的/immoderate; excessive; extreme. In a temper, Tony refused to tone down his intemperate remarks.

Front 956

inter

Back 956

V. /埋/bury. They are going to inter the body tomorrow at Broadlawn Cemetery.

Front 957

interim

Back 957

N. /临时的；间歇的/meantime. The company will not consider our proposal until next week; in the interim, let us proceed as we have in the past.

Front 958

interloper

Back 958

N. /闯入者；干涉者/intruder; unwanted meddler. The merchant thought of his competitors as interlopers who were stealing away his trade.

Front 959

interment

Back 959

N. /埋葬/burial. Interment will take place in the church cemetery at 2 P.M. Wednesday.

Front 960

interminable

Back 960

ADJ. /无尽的/endless. Although his speech lasted for only twenty minutes, it seemed interminable to his bored audience.

Front 961

intermittent

Back 961

ADJ. /间歇的；断断续续的/periodic; on and off. The outdoor wed?ding reception had to be moved indoors to avoid the inter?mittent showers that fell on and off all afternoon.

Front 962

interrogate

Back 962

V. /审问；讯问/question closely; cross-examine. Knowing that the Nazis would interrogate him about his background, the secret agent invented a cover story that would help him meet their questions.

Front 963

intervene

Back 963

V. /干预；干涉/come between. When two close friends get into a fight, be careful if you try to intervene; they may join forces to gang up on you.

Front 964

intimacy

Back 964

N. /亲密；隐私/closeness, often affectionate; privacy; familiar?ity. In a moment of rare intimacy, the mayor allowed the reporters a glimpse of his personal feelings about his fam?ily. intimate,ADJ.

Front 965

intimate

Back 965

V. /私下的，秘密的，亲密的；宣告/hint; suggest. Was Dick intimating that Jane had bad breath when he asked if she'd like a breath mint?

Front 966

intimidate

Back 966

V. /使害怕/frighten. I'll learn karate and then those big bullies won't be able to intimidate me any more.

Front 967

intractable

Back 967

ADJ. /难以处理的/unruly; stubborn; unyielding. Charlie Brown's friend Pigpen was intractable: he absolutely refused to take a bath.

Front 968

intransigence

Back 968

N. /不妥协；不让步/refusal of any compromise; stubborn?ness. The negotiating team had not expected such intransi?gence from the striking workers, who rejected any hint of a compromise. intransigent,ADJ.

Front 969

intrepid

Back 969

ADJ. /无畏的/fearless. For her intrepid conduct nursing the wounded during the war, Florence Nightingale was honored by Queen Victoria.

Front 970

intricate

Back 970

ADJ. /复杂的；错综的/complex; knotty; tangled. Philip spent many hours designing mazes so intricate that none of his class?mates could solve them. intricacy, N.

Front 971

intrinsic

Back 971

ADJ. /内在的；固有的/essential; inherent; built-in. Although my grandmother's china has little intrinsic value, I shall always cherish it for the memories it evokes.

Front 972

introspective

Back 972

ADJ. /内省的；反省的/looking within oneself. Though young Francis of Assisi led a wild and worldly life, even then he had introspective moments during which he examined his soul. introvert

Front 973

intrude

Back 973

V. /强挤入，侵入；强加于人/trespass; enter as an uninvited person. She hes?itated to intrude on their conversation.

Front 974

intuition

Back 974

N. /直觉/immediate insight; power of knowing without reasoning. Even though Tony denied that anything was wrong, Tina trusted her intuition that something was bother?ing him. intuitive,ADJ.

Front 975

inundate

Back 975

V. /淹没；吞并/overwhelm; flood; submerge. This semester I am inundated with work: You should see the piles of paper?work flooding my desk. Until the great dam was built, the waters of the Nile used to inundate the river valley like clockwork every year.

Front 976

inured

Back 976

ADJ. /习惯了的，适应了的/accustomed; hardened. She became inured to the Alaskan cold.

Front 977

invalidate

Back 977

V. /摧毁；使无效；弱化/weaken; destroy. The relatives who received little or nothing sought to invalidate the will by claiming that the deceased had not been in his right mind when he had signed the document.

Front 978

invasive

Back 978

ADJ. /入侵的/tending to spread aggressively; intrusive. Giving up our war with the invasive blackberry vines that had taken over the back yard, we covered the lawn with concrete. invade,V.

Front 979

invective

Back 979

N. /谩骂；非难；恶言相加/abuse. He had expected criticism but not the invective that greeted his proposal. inveigh,V.

Front 980

inverse

Back 980

ADJ. /倒转的/opposite. There is an inverse ratio between the strength of light and its distance.

Front 981

invert

Back 981

V. /倒转，翻转/turn upside down or inside out. When he inverted his body in a handstand, he felt the blood rush to his head. inveterate

Front 982

invidious

Back 982

ADJ. /易招嫉妒的；不公平的/designed to create ill will or envy. We disre?garded her invidious remarks because we realized how jealous she was.

Front 983

invigorate

Back 983

V. /激发；鼓舞/energize; stimulate. A quick dip in the pool invigorated Meg, and with renewed energy she got back to work.

Front 984

invincible

Back 984

ADJ. /无敌的/unconquerable. Superman is invincible.

Front 985

inviolable

Back 985

ADJ. /无敌的；神圣不可亵渎的/secure from corruption, attack, or violation; unassailable. Batman considered his oath to keep the peo?ple of Gotham City inviolable: nothing on earth could make him break this promise.

Front 986

invocation

Back 986

N. /祈祷/prayer for help; calling upon as a reference or support. The service of Morning Prayer opens with an invocation during which we ask God to hear our prayers.

Front 987

invoke

Back 987

V. /恳请，借助于，找来，调用/call upon; ask for. She invoked her advisor's aid in filling out her financial aid forms.

Front 988

invulnerable

Back 988

ADJ. /无懈可击的/incapable of injury. Achilles was invul?nerable except in his heel.

Front 989

iota

Back 989

N. /极少量的/very small quantity. She hadn't an iota of common sense.

Front 990

irascible

Back 990

ADJ. /易怒的；暴躁的/irritable; easily angered. Miss Minchin's iras?cible temper intimidated the younger schoolgirls, who feared she'd burst into a rage at any moment.

Front 991

irate

Back 991

ADJ. /愤怒的；生气的/angry. When John's mother found out he had overdrawn his checking account for the third month in a row, she was so irate she could scarcely speak to him.

Front 992

ire

Back 992

N. /怒气/anger. The waiter tried unsuccessfully to placate the ire of the diner who had found a cockroach in her soup.

Front 993

iridescent

Back 993

ADJ. /虹彩的/exhibiting rainbowlike colors. She admired the iridescent hues of the oil that floated on the surface of the water.

Front 994

irksome

Back 994

ADJ. /令人厌恶的；冗长乏味的/annoying; tedious. He found working on the assembly line irksome because of the monotony of the operation he had to perform. irk,V.

Front 995

ironic

Back 995

ADJ. /讽刺性的/resulting in an unexpected and contrary out?come. It is ironic that his success came when he least wanted it.

Front 996

irony

Back 996

N. /反话；讽刺/hidden sarcasm or satire; use of words that seem to mean the opposite of what they actually mean. Gradually his listeners began to realize that the excessive praise he was lavishing on his opponent was actually irony, he was in fact ridiculing the poor fool.

Front 997

irrational

Back 997

ADJ. /无理的，缺乏逻辑的；不理智的/illogical; lacking reason; insane. Many peo?ple have such an irrational fear of snakes that they panic at the sight of a harmless garter snake.

Front 998

irreconcilable

Back 998

ADJ. /不相容的；矛盾的/incompatible; not able to be resolved. Because the separated couple were irreconcilable, the marriage counselor recommended a divorce.

Front 999

irrefutable

Back 999

ADJ. /不可否认的；不能驳倒的/indisputable; incontrovertible; undeniable. No matter how hard I tried to find a good comeback for her argument, I couldn't think of one: her logic was irrefutable.

Front 1000

irrelevant

Back 1000

ADJ. /不相关的，不照号的/not applicable; unrelated. No matter how irrelevant the patient's mumblings may seem, they give us some indications of what he has on his mind.

Front 1001

irremediable

Back 1001

ADJ. /不能挽回的；不能治愈的/incurable; uncorrectable. The error she made was irremediable; she could see no way to repair it.

Front 1002

irreparable

Back 1002

ADJ. /不能弥补的，不能修复的；无可挽救的/not able to be corrected or repaired. Your apology cannot atone for the irreparable damage you have done to her reputation.

Front 1003

irrepressible

Back 1003

ADJ. /压不住的，抑制不住的/unable to be restrained or held back. My friend Kitty's curiosity was irrepressible: she poked her nose into everybody's business and just laughed when I warned her that curiosity killed the cat.

Front 1004

irreproachable

Back 1004

ADJ. /无可指责的；没有缺点的/blameless; impeccable. Homer's con?duct at the office party was irreproachable; even Marge didn't have anything bad to say about how he behaved.

Front 1005

irresolute

Back 1005

ADJ. /犹豫不决的/uncertain how to act; weak. Once you have made your decision, don't waver; a leader should never appear irresolute.

Front 1006

irretrievable

Back 1006

ADJ. /不能复原的；不能挽回的/impossible to recover or regain; irrepara?ble. The left fielder tried to retrieve the ball, but it flew over the fence, bounced off a wall, and fell into the sewer: it was irretrievable.

Front 1007

irreverence

Back 1007

N. /不尊敬的/lack of proper respect. Some audience members were amused by the irreverence of the come?dian's jokes about the Pope; others felt offended by his lack of respect for their faith. irreverent,ADJ.

Front 1008

irrevocable

Back 1008

ADJ. /不能取消的；不能变更的/unalterable; irreversible. As Sue dropped the "Dear John" letter into the mailbox, she suddenly had second thoughts and wanted to take it back, but she could not: her action was irrevocable.

Front 1009

itinerant

Back 1009

ADJ. /巡回的/wandering; traveling. He was an itinerant peddler and traveled through Pennsylvania and Virginia selling his wares. also N.

Front 1010

itinerary

Back 1010

N. /旅行计划；路线/plan of a trip. Disliking sudden changes in plans when she traveled abroad, Ethel refused to make any alterations in her itinerary.

Front 1011

jabber

Back 1011

V. /快速的说，含混不清的说/chatter rapidly or unintelligibly. Why does the fel?low insist on jabbering away in French when I can't under?stand a word he says?

Front 1012

jaded

Back 1012

ADJ. /疲倦的/fatigued; surfeited. He looked for exotic foods to stimulate his jaded appetite.

Front 1013

jargon

Back 1013

N. /黑话，行话，胡话/language used by a special group; technical ter?minology; gibberish. The computer salesmen at the store used a jargon of their own that we simply couldn't follow; we had no idea what they were jabbering about.

Front 1014

jaundiced

Back 1014

ADJ. /患黄疸病的；有偏见的/prejudiced (envious, hostile or resentful); yellowed. Because Sue disliked Carolyn, she looked at Car?olyn's paintings with a jaundiced eye, calling them formless smears. Newborn infants afflicted with jaundice look slightly yellow: they have jaundiced skin.

Front 1015

jaunt

Back 1015

N. /短途旅行/trip; short journey. He took a quick jaunt to Atlantic City.

Front 1016

jaunty

Back 1016

ADJ. /无忧无虑的，快乐的，轻松的/lighthearted; animated; easy and carefree. In An American in Paris, Gene Kelly sang and danced his way through "Singing in the Rain" in a properly jaunty style.

Front 1017

jeopardize

Back 1017

V. /置于危险之中/endanger; imperil; put at risk. You can't give me a D in chemistry: you'll jeopardize my chances of get?ting into M.I.T. jeopardy, N.

Front 1018

jettison

Back 1018

V. /投弃货物/throw overboard. In order to enable the ship to ride safely through the storm, the captain had to jettison much of his cargo.

Front 1019

jingoist

Back 1019

N. /狂热好战分子；侵略主义者/extremely aggressive and militant patriot; warlike chauvinist. Always bellowing "America first!," the congressman was such a jingoist you could almost hear the sabers rattling as he marched down the halls. jingoism, N.

Front 1020

jocose

Back 1020

ADJ. /诙谐的/given to joking. The salesman was so jocose that many of his customers suggested that he become a .,stand-up" comic.

Front 1021

jocular

Back 1021

ADJ. /诙谐的/said or done in jest. Although Bill knew the boss hated jokes, he couldn't resist making one jocular remark.

Front 1022

jollity

Back 1022

N. /高兴的；欢乐的/gaiety; cheerfulness. The festive Christmas dinner was a merry one, and old and young alike joined in the gen?eral jollity.

Front 1023

jostle

Back 1023

V. /推，挤；撞/shove; bump. In the subway he was jostled by the crowds.

Front 1024

jovial

Back 1024

ADJ. /天性善良的；好的；高兴的，愉快的/good-natured; merry. A frown seemed out of place on his invariably jovial face.

Front 1025

jubilation

Back 1025

N. /庆祝/rejoicing. There was great jubilation when the armistice was announced. jubilant,ADJ.

Front 1026

judicious

Back 1026

ADJ. /公平的/sound in judgment; wise. At a key moment in his life, he made a judicious investment that was the foundation of his later wealth.

Front 1027

juncture

Back 1027

N. /危机，转折点；关键点/crisis; joining point. At this critical juncture, let us think carefully before determining the course we shall follow.

Front 1028

junta

Back 1028

N. /小集团；政治团伙/group of men joined in political intrigue; cabal. As soon as he learned of its existence, the dictator ordered the execution of all of the members of the junta.

Front 1029

jurisprudence

Back 1029

N. /法学/science of law. He was more a student of jurisprudence than a practitioner of the law.

Front 1030

justification

Back 1030

N. /有理，正当；辩护；释罪/good or just reason; defense; excuse. The jury found him guilty of the more serious charge because they could see no possible justification for his actions,

Front 1031

kaleidoscope

Back 1031

N. /万花筒/tube in which patterns made by the reflection in mirrors of colored pieces of glass, etc., pro?duce interesting symmetrical effects. People found a new source of entertainment while peering through the kaleido?scope; they found the ever-changing patterns fascinating.

Front 1032

kernel

Back 1032

N. /核心的/central or vital part; whole seed (as of corn). "Watson, buried within this tissue of lies there is a kernel of truth; when I find it, the mystery will be solved."

Front 1033

killjoy

Back 1033

N. /扫兴的人；煞风景/grouch; spoilsport. At breakfast we had all been enjoying our bacon and eggs until that killjoy John started talking about how bad animal fats were for our health.

Front 1034

kindle

Back 1034

V. /点燃，照亮，激起/start a fire; inspire. One of the first things Ben learned in the Boy Scouts was how to kindle a fire by rub?bing two dry sticks together. Her teacher's praise for her poetry kindled a spark of hope inside Maya.

Front 1035

kindred

Back 1035

ADJ. /同族的，同类的；血缘的/related; belonging to the same family. Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn were two kindred spirits. also N.

Front 1036

kinetic

Back 1036

ADJ. /运动的；运动学的/producing motion. Designers of the electric automobile find that their greatest obstacle lies in the devel?opment of light and efficient storage batteries, the source of the kinetic energy needed to propel the vehicle.

Front 1037

kleptomaniac

Back 1037

N. /偷窃狂；盗窃癖/person who has a compulsive desire to steal. They discovered that the wealthy customer was a klep?tomaniac when they caught her stealing some cheap trinkets.

Front 1038

knave

Back 1038

N. /流氓；无赖；恶棍/untrustworthy person; rogue; scoundrel. Any politician nicknamed Tricky Dick clearly has the reputation of a knave. knavery, N.

Front 1039

knit

Back 1039

V. /编织；结合/contract into wrinkles; grow together. Whenever David worries, his brow knits in a frown. When he broke his leg, he sat around the house all day waiting for the bones to knit.

Front 1040

knoll

Back 1040

N. /小山包/little round hill. Robert Louis Stevenson's grave is on a knoll in Samoa; to reach the grave site, you must climb uphill and walk a short distance along a marked path.

Front 1041

knotty

Back 1041

ADJ. /复杂的，错综的；精细的/intricate; difficult; tangled. What to Watson had been a knotty problem, to Sherlock Holmes was simplicity itself.

Front 1042

kudos

Back 1042

N. /名望，声誉/honor; glory; praise. The singer complacently received kudos from his entourage on his performance.

Front 1043

laborious

Back 1043

ADJ. /艰苦的，勤劳的/demanding much work or care; tedious. In putting together his dictionary of the English language, Doctor Johnson undertook a laborious task.

Front 1044

labyrinth

Back 1044

N. /迷宫/maze. Hiding from Indian Joe, Tom and Becky soon lost themselves in the labyrinth of secret underground caves. labyrinthine,ADJ.

Front 1045

laceration

Back 1045

N. /破口/torn, ragged wound. The stock car driver needed stitches to close up the lacerations he received in the car crash.

Front 1046

lachrymose

Back 1046

ADJ. /爱哭的/producing tears. His voice has a lachry?mose quality more appropriate to a funeral than a class reunion.

Front 1047

lackadaisical

Back 1047

ADJ. /懒洋洋的，没上进心的/lacking purpose or zest; halfhearted; languid. Because Gatsby had his mind more on his love life than on his finances, he did a very lackadaisical job of man-aging his money.

Front 1048

lackluster

Back 1048

ADJ. /暗淡的，无光的；单调的/dull. We were disappointed by the lacklus?ter performance.

Front 1049

laconic

Back 1049

ADJ. /简洁的/brief and to the point. Many of the characters portrayed by Clint Eastwood are laconic types: strong men of few words.

Front 1050

laggard

Back 1050

ADJ. /缓慢的，迟缓的/slow; sluggish. The sailor had been taught not to be laggard in carrying out orders. lag,

Front 1051

lament

Back 1051

V. /悲伤，恸哭/grieve; express sorrow. Even advocates of the war lamented the loss of so many lives in combat. lamenta?tion, N.

Front 1052

lampoon

Back 1052

V. /讽刺的/ridicule. This article lampoons the pretensions of some movie moguls. also N.

Front 1053

languid

Back 1053

ADJ. /疲倦的，无精打采的/weary; sluggish; listless. Her siege of illness left her languid and pallid.

Front 1054

languish

Back 1054

V. /无力的，憔悴的/lose animation; lose strength. Left at Miss Minchin's school for girls while her father went off to war, Sarah Crewe refused to languish; instead, she hid her grief and actively befriended her less fortunate classmates.

Front 1055

languor

Back 1055

N. /衰弱，萧条/lassitude; depression. His friends tried to over?come the languor into which he had fallen by taking him to parties and to the theater.

Front 1056

lap

Back 1056

V. /舔食，泼溅/take in food or drink with one's tongue; splash gen?tly. The kitten neatly lapped up her milk. The waves softly lapped against the pier.

Front 1057

larceny

Back 1057

N. /盗窃/theft. Because of the prisoner's record, the dis?trict attorney refused to reduce the charge from grand lar?ceny to petty larceny.

Front 1058

larder

Back 1058

N. /食品室；储藏室/pantry; place where food is kept. The first thing Bill did on returning home from school was to check what snacks his mother had in the larder.

Front 1059

largess

Back 1059

N. /赠送；赠礼/generous gift. Lady Bountiful distributed largess to the poor.

Front 1060

lassitude

Back 1060

N. /疲乏/languor; weariness. After a massage and a long soak in the hot tub, I gave in to my growing lassitude and lay down for a nap.

Front 1061

latent

Back 1061

ADJ. /潜在的/potential but undeveloped; dormant; hidden. Polaroid pictures are popular at parties, because you can see the latent photographic image gradually appear before your eyes.

Front 1062

lateral

Back 1062

ADJ. /侧面的，侧向的/coming from the side. In order to get good plant growth, the gardener must pinch off all lateral shoots.

Front 1063

latitude

Back 1063

N. /范围/freedom from narrow limitations. I think you have permitted your son too much latitude in this matter.

Front 1064

laud

Back 1064

V. /赞美/praise. The NFL lauded Boomer Esiason's efforts to raise money to combat cystic fibrosis. laudable, lauda?tory,ADJ.

Front 1065

lavish

Back 1065

ADJ. /浪费的，大方的/liberal; wasteful. The actor's lavish gifts pleased her. alsoV.

Front 1066

Iax

Back 1066

ADJ. /粗心/careless. We dislike restaurants where the service is lax and inattentive.

Front 1067

leaven

Back 1067

V. /发酵/cause to rise or grow lighter; enliven. As bread dough is leavened, it puffs up, expanding in volume.

Front 1068

lechery

Back 1068

N. /好色；动机不纯/lustfulness; impurity in thought and deed. In his youth he led a life of lechery and debauchery; he did not mend his ways until middle age. lecherous,ADJ.

Front 1069

leery

Back 1069

ADJ. /机敏的；狡猾的/suspicious; cautious. Don't eat the sushi at this restaurant; I'm a bit leery about how fresh the raw fish is.

Front 1070

legacy

Back 1070

N. /遗赠/a gift made by a will. Part of my legacy from my parents is an album of family photographs.

Front 1071

legend

Back 1071

N. /图例/explanatory list of symbols on a map. The leg?end at the bottom of the map made it clear which symbols stood for rest areas along the highway and which stood for public camp sites. (secondary meaning)

Front 1072

legerdemain

Back 1072

N. /戏法；花招/sleight of hand. The magician demon?strated his renowned legerdemain.

Front 1073

leniency

Back 1073

N. /温和；宽大，仁慈/mildness; permissiveness. Considering the gravity of the offense, we were surprised by the leniency of the sentence.

Front 1074

lethal

Back 1074

ADJ. /致命的/deadly. It is unwise to leave lethal weapons where children may find them.

Front 1075

lethargic

Back 1075

ADJ. /昏睡的；瞌睡的/drowsy; dull. The stuffy room made her lethargic: she felt as if she was about to nod off.

Front 1076

levitate

Back 1076

V. /升空漂浮（魔法）/float in the air (especially by magical means). As the magician passed his hands over the recumbent body of his assistant, she appeared to rise and levitate about three feet above the table.

Front 1077

levity

Back 1077

N. /轻佻，轻浮/lack of seriousness; lightness. Stop giggling and wriggling around in the pew: such levity is improper in church.

Front 1078

levy

Back 1078

V. /征收/impose (a fine); collect (a payment). Crying "No taxation without representation," the colonists demonstrated against England's power to levy taxes.

Front 1079

lewd

Back 1079

ADJ. /淫荡的，下流的，好色的；猥亵的/lustful. They found his lewd stories objectionable.

Front 1080

lexicographer

Back 1080

N. /字典编纂者/compiler of a dictionary. The new dictio?nary is the work of many lexicographers who spent years compiling and editing the work.

Front 1081

lexicon

Back 1081

N. /字典/dictionary. I cannot find this word in any lexicon in the library.

Front 1082

liability

Back 1082

N. /责任；缺点；债/drawback; debts. Her lack of an extensive vocab?ulary was a liability that she was eventually able to overcome.

Front 1083

liaison

Back 1083

N. /联络；连音/contact keeping parts of an organization in com?munication; go-between; secret love affair. As the liaison between the American and British forces during World War II, the colonel had to ease tensions between the leaders of the two armies. Romeo's romantic liaison with Juliet ended in tragedy.

Front 1084

libel

Back 1084

N. /诽谤；中伤/defamatory statement; act of writing something that smears a person's character. If Batman wrote that the Joker was a dirty, 'rotten, mass-murdering criminal, could the Joker sue Batman for libel?

Front 1085

liberator

Back 1085

N. /解放者/one who sets free. Simon Bolivar, who led the South American colonies in their rebellion against Spanish rule, is known as the great liberator. liberate,V.

Front 1086

libretto

Back 1086

N. /歌词，剧本（舞剧，歌剧的）/text of an opera. The composer of an opera's music is remembered more frequently than the author of its libretto.

Front 1087

licentious

Back 1087

ADJ. /不道德的；下流的；放纵的/amoral; lewd and lascivious; unrestrained. Unscrupulously seducing the daughter of his host, Don Juan felt no qualms about the immorality of his licentious behavior.

Front 1088

lilliputian

Back 1088

ADJ. /极小的/extremely small. Tiny and delicate, the model was built on a lilliputian scale. also N.

Front 1089

limber

Back 1089

ADJ. /柔韧的；可塑的/flexible. Hours of ballet classes kept him limber.

Front 1090

limerick

Back 1090

N. /五行打油诗/humorous short verse. The limerick form is the best; its meter is pure anapest. A limerick's fun for most everyone, and the word may occur on your test.

Front 1091

limpid

Back 1091

ADJ. /清澈/clear. A limpid stream ran through his property.

Front 1092

linchpin

Back 1092

N. /关键/something that holds or links various parts together. The linchpin in the district attorney's case was a photograph showing the defendant shaking hands with the hired killer.

Front 1093

lineage

Back 1093

N. /血统/descent; ancestry. He traced his lineage back to Mayflower days.

Front 1094

linger

Back 1094

V. /逗留；闲逛；流连/loiter or dawdle; continue or persist. Hoping to see Juliet pass by, Romeo lingered outside the Capulet house for hours. Though Mother made stuffed cabbage on Monday, the smell lingered around the house for days.

Front 1095

linguistic

Back 1095

ADJ. /语言的/pertaining to language. The modern tourist will encounter very little linguistic difficulty as English has become an almost universal language.

Front 1096

liniment

Back 1096

N. /药膏；擦油/ointment; lotion; salve. The trainer carefully applied the liniment to the quarterback's bruise, gently rub?bing it into the skin.

Front 1097

lionize

Back 1097

V. /奉为名人；游览名胜/treat as a celebrity. She enjoyed being lionized and adored by the public.

Front 1098

liquidate

Back 1098

V. /清算/settle accounts; clearup. He was able to liqui?date all his debts in a short period of time.

Front 1099

list

Back 1099

V. /倾斜/tilt; lean over. That flagpole should be absolutely vertical; instead, it lists to one side. (secondary meaning)

Front 1100

listless

Back 1100

ADJ. /倦怠的，冷漠的/lacking in spirit or energy. We had expected him to be full of enthusiasm and were surprised by his list?less attitude.

Front 1101

litany

Back 1101

N. /连续虔诚的祈祷/supplicatory prayer. On this solemn day, the con?gregation responded to the prayers of the priest during the litany with fervor and intensity.

Front 1102

lithe

Back 1102

ADJ. /柔软的/flexible; supple. Her figure was lithe and willowy.

Front 1103

litigation

Back 1103

N. /诉讼/lawsuit. Try to settle this amicably; I do not want to become involved in litigation. litigant, N.

Front 1104

livid

Back 1104

ADJ. /铅灰色的；青一块紫一块的；暴怒的/lead-colored; black and blue; enraged. His face was so livid with rage that we were afraid that he might have an attack of apoplexy.

Front 1105

loath

Back 1105

ADJ. /不情愿的；勉强/reluctant; disinclined. Romeo and Juliet were both loath for him to go.

Front 1106

loathe

Back 1106

V. /厌恶；增武/detest. Booing and hissing, the audience showed how much they loathed the wicked villain.

Front 1107

lofty

Back 1107

ADJ. /高高在上的/very high. Though Barbara Jordan's fellow stu?dents used to tease her about her lofty ambitions, she rose to hold one of the highest positions in the land.

Front 1108

log

Back 1108

N. /日志；圆木/record of a voyage or flight; record of day to day activities. "Flogged two seamen today for insubordination" wrote Captain Bligh in the Bounty's log. To see how much work I've accomplished recently, just take a look at the number of new files listed on my computer log.

Front 1109

loiter

Back 1109

V. /闲逛；徘徊/hang around; linger. The policeman told him not to loiter in the alley.

Front 1110

loll

Back 1110

V. /懒洋洋的坐或靠/lounge about. They lolled around in their chairs watching television.

Front 1111

longevity

Back 1111

N. /长命不老/long life. When he reached ninety, the old man was proud of his longevity.

Front 1112

loom

Back 1112

V. /织布机/appear or take shape (usually in an enlarged or distorted form). The shadow of the gallows loomed threat?eningly above the small boy.

Front 1113

lope

Back 1113

V. /慢跑/gallop slowly. As the horses loped along, we had an opportunity to admire the ever-changing scenery. loquacious

Front 1114

lout

Back 1114

N. /笨人，呆子/clumsy person. That awkward lout dropped my priceless vase!

Front 1115

low

Back 1115

V. /牛叫，哞/moo. From the hilltop, they could see the herd like ants in the distance; they could barely hear the cattle low.

Front 1116

lucid

Back 1116

ADJ. /明晰的；聪明的/easily understood; clear; intelligible. Ellen makes an excellent teacher: her explanations of technical points are lucid enough for a child to grasp.

Front 1117

lucrative

Back 1117

ADJ. /有利润的/profitable. He turned his hobby into a lucra?tive profession.

Front 1118

ludicrous

Back 1118

ADJ. /可笑的，滑稽的；不重要的/laughable; trifling. Let us be serious; this is not a ludicrous issue.

Front 1119

lugubrious

Back 1119

ADJ. /悲哀的/mournful. The lugubrious howling of the dogs added to our sadness.

Front 1120

lull

Back 1120

N. /平静，安静，暂停，短暂的平息/moment of calm. Not wanting to get wet, they waited under the awning for a lull in the rain.

Front 1121

lull

Back 1121

V. /安抚，平静；换取信任，使其失去警惕/soothe; cause one to relax one's guard; subside. The mother's gentle song lulled the child to sleep. Malcolm tried to come up with a plausible story to lull his mother's suspicions, but she didn't believe a word he said.

Front 1122

lumber

Back 1122

V. /笨重的往前走/move heavily or clumsily. Still somewhat torpid after its long hibernation, the bear lumbered through the woods.

Front 1123

luminary

Back 1123

N. /名气，尊严/celebrity; dignitary. A leading light of the American stage, Ethel Barrymore was a theatrical luminary whose name lives on.

Front 1124

luminous

Back 1124

ADJ. /发光的，闪耀的/shining; issuing light. The sun is a luminous body.

Front 1125

lummox

Back 1125

N. /大而笨重的（通常指人）/big, clumsy, often stupid person. Because he was highly overweight and looked ungainly, John Candy often was cast as a slow-witted lummox.

Front 1126

lunar

Back 1126

ADJ. /月亮的/pertaining to the moon. Lunar craters can plainly seen with the aid of a small telescope.

Front 1127

lunge

Back 1127

V. /突进，刺，冲/quick forward dive or reach; thrust. The wide receiver lunged forward to grab the football. With his sword, Dartagnan lunged at his adversary.

Front 1128

lurid

Back 1128

ADJ. /耸人听闻的；可怕的；惨白的；血红的/wild; sensational; graphic; gruesome. Do the lurid cover stories in the Enquirer actually attract people to buy that trashy tabloid?

Front 1129

lurk

Back 1129

V. /埋伏/stealthily lie in waiting; slink; exist unperceived. "Who knows what evil lurks in the hearts of men? The Shadow knows."

Front 1130

luscious

Back 1130

ADJ. /美味的，甜美的/pleasing to taste or smell. The ripe peach was luscious.

Front 1131

luster

Back 1131

N. /光泽；光彩/shine; gloss. The soft luster of the silk in the dim light was pleasing.

Front 1132

lustrous

Back 1132

ADJ. /闪耀的/shining. Her large and lustrous eyes lent a touch of beauty to an otherwise plain face.

Front 1133

luxuriant

Back 1133

ADJ. /丰富的，富足的；丰富多彩；肥沃的/abundant; rich and splendid; fertile. Lady Godiva was completely covered by her luxuriant hair.

Front 1134

machinations

Back 1134

N. /阴谋，诡计/evil schemes or plots. Fortunately, Bat?man saw through the wily machinations of the Riddler and saved Gotham City from destruction by the forces of evil.

Front 1135

madrigal

Back 1135

N. /小曲；牧歌/pastoral song. His program of folk songs included several madrigals which he sang to the accompa?niment of a lute.

Front 1136

maelstrom

Back 1136

N. /漩涡/whirlpool. The canoe was tossed about in the maelstrom.

Front 1137

magnanimous

Back 1137

ADJ. /宽宏大量的/generous; great-hearted. Philan?thropists by definition are magnanimous; misers, by defini?tion, are not. Cordelia was too magnanimous to resent her father's unkindness to her; instead, she generously forgave him. magnanimity, N.

Front 1138

magnate

Back 1138

N. /富豪，要人；突出的人物，XX大王/person of prominence or influence. Growing up in Pittsburgh, Annie Dillard was surrounded by the man?sions of the great steel and coal magnates who set their mark on that city.

Front 1139

magnitude

Back 1139

N. /巨大的，大数量级的/ greatness; extent. It is difficult to compre?hend the magnitude of his crime.

Front 1140

maim

Back 1140

V. /伤害/mutilate; injure. The hospital could not take care of all who had been wounded or maimed in the railroad accident.

Front 1141

maladroit

Back 1141

ADJ. /搞砸的；笨拙的/clumsy; bungling. How maladroit it was of me to mention seeing you out partying last night! From the look on his face, I take it that your boyfriend thought you were otherwise occupied.

Front 1142

malady

Back 1142

N. /疾病/illness. A mysterious malady swept the coun?try, filling doctors' offices with feverish, purple-spotted patients.

Front 1143

malaise

Back 1143

N. /不适，欠佳/uneasiness; vague feeling of ill health. Feeling slightly queasy before going onstage, Carol realized that this touch of malaise was merely stage fright.

Front 1144

malapropism

Back 1144

N. /可笑的用词错误/comic misuse of a word. When Mrs. Mala?prop accuses Lydia of being "as headstrong as an allegory on the banks of the Nile," she confuses "allegory" and "alli?gator" in a typical malapropism.

Front 1145

malcontent

Back 1145

N. /不满的；不满现状的/person dissatisfied with existing state of affairs. One of the few malcontents in Congress, he con?stantly voiced his objections to the presidential program. alsoADJ.

Front 1146

malediction

Back 1146

N. /诅咒/curse. When the magic mirror revealed that Snow White was still alive, the wicked queen cried out in rage and uttered dreadful maledictions.

Front 1147

malefactor

Back 1147

N. /犯罪分子/evildoer; criminal. Mighty Mouse will save the day, hunting down malefactors and rescuing innocent mice from peril.

Front 1148

malevolent

Back 1148

ADJ. /坏心肠的/wishing evil. lago is a malevolent villain who takes pleasure in ruining Othello.

Front 1149

malfeasance

Back 1149

N. /渎职；不法行为/wrongdoing. The authorities did not dis?cover the campaign manager's malfeasance until after he had spent most of the money he had embezzled.

Front 1150

malicious

Back 1150

ADJ. /恶毒的/hateful; spiteful. Jealous of Cinderella's beauty, her malicious stepsisters expressed their spite by forcing her to do menial tasks. malice, N.

Front 1151

malign

Back 1151

V. /毒辣的言语；诽谤/speak evil of; bad-mouth; defame. Putting her hands over her ears, Rose refused to listen to Betty malign her friend Susan.

Front 1152

malignant

Back 1152

ADJ. /恶性的，伤害的；致命的/injurious; tending to cause death; aggres?sively malevolent. Though many tumors are benign, some are malignant, growing out of control and endangering the life of the patient.

Front 1153

malingerer

Back 1153

N. /装病的人；假病号/one who feigns illness to escape duty. The captain ordered the sergeant to punish all malingerers and force them to work. malinger,V.

Front 1154

malleable

Back 1154

ADJ. /有延展性的；可锻的/capable of being shaped by pounding; impressionable. Gold is a malleable metal, easily shaped into bracelets and rings. Fagin hoped Oliver was a mal?leable lad, easily shaped into a thief.

Front 1155

malodorous

Back 1155

ADJ. /恶臭的/foul-smelling. The compost heap was most malodorous in summer.

Front 1156

mammal

Back 1156

N. /哺乳动物/a vertebrate animal whose female suckles its young. Many people regard the whale as a fish and do not realize that it is a mammal.

Front 1157

mammoth

Back 1157

ADJ. /巨大的/gigantic; enormous. To try to memorize every word on this vocabulary list would be a mammoth undertak?ing; take on projects that are more manageable in size.

Front 1158

mandate

Back 1158

N. /委任；命令/order; charge. In his inaugural address, the president stated that he had a mandate from the people to seek an end to social evils such as poverty. alsoV.

Front 1159

mandatory

Back 1159

ADJ. /强制的，命令的；义不容辞的/obligatory. These instructions are manda?tory, any violation will be severely punished.

Front 1160

maniacal

Back 1160

ADJ. /疯狂的；无理智的/raging mad; insane. Though Mr. Rochester had locked his mad wife in the attic, he could still hear her maniacal laughter echoing throughout the house.

Front 1161

manifest

Back 1161

ADJ. /明白的，显然的；证明，表现/evident; visible; obvious. Digby's embar?rassment when he met Madonna was manifest: his ears turned bright pink, he kept scuffing one shoe in the dirt, and he couldn't look her in the eye.

Front 1162

manifesto

Back 1162

N. /声明/declaration; statement of policy. The Com?munist Manifesto by Marx and Engels proclaimed the prin?ciples of modern communism.

Front 1163

manipulate

Back 1163

v, /操作/operate with one's hands; control or play upon (people, forces, etc.) artfully. Jim Henson understood how to manipulate the Muppets. Madonna understands how to manipulate men (and publicity).

Front 1164

mannered

Back 1164

ADJ. /做作的，矫饰的/affected; not natural. Attempting to copy the style of his wealthy neighbors, Gatsby adopted a man?nered, artificial way of speech.

Front 1165

marital

Back 1165

ADJ. /婚姻的/pertaining to marriage. After the publication of his book on marital affairs, he was often consulted by mar?ried people on the verge of divorce.

Front 1166

maritime

Back 1166

ADJ. /海事的，海运的，海上的/bordering on the sea; nautical. The Maritime Provinces depend on the sea for their wealth.

Front 1167

marked

Back 1167

ADJ. /值得注意的；报仇的目标/noticeable or pronounced; targeted for vengeance. He walked with a marked limp, a souvenir of an old I.R.A. attack. As British ambassador, he knew he was a marked man, for he knew the Irish Republican Army wanted him dead.

Front 1168

marquee

Back 1168

N. /建筑物入口处的雨棚，遮蔽物/canopy above an entrance, under which one can take shelter; rooflike shelter above a theater entrance. On stormy days, the hotel doorman keeps dry by standing directly beneath the marquee. The title of Arthur Kopit's play Oh Dad, Poor Dad, Momma's Hung You in the Closet and I'm Feeling So Sad was too long to fit on the marquee.

Front 1169

marred

Back 1169

ADJ. /受损的/damaged; disfigured. She had to refinish the marred surface of the table. mar,V.

Front 1170

marshal

Back 1170

V. /排序；整理/put in order. At a debate tournament, extempo?raneous speakers have only a minute or two to marshal their thoughts before they address their audience.

Front 1171

marsupial

Back 1171

N. /有袋哺乳动物（袋鼠、袋熊、袋狼）/one of a family of mammals that nurse their offspring in a pouch. The most common marsupial in North America is the opossum.

Front 1172

martial

Back 1172

ADJ. /好战的；尚武的/warlike. The sound of martial music inspired the young cadet with dreams of military glory.

Front 1173

martinet

Back 1173

N. /严格纪律的人/strict disciplinarian. No talking at meals! No mingling with the servants! Miss Minchin was a martinet who insisted that the schoolgirls in her charge observe each regulation to the letter.

Front 1174

martyr

Back 1174

N./殉道者；殉教者；烈士/ one who voluntarily suffers death for his or her religion or cause; great sufferer. By burning her at the stake, the English made Joan of Arc a martyr for her faith. Mother played the martyr by staying home cleaning the house while the rest of the family went off to the beach.

Front 1175

masochist

Back 1175

N. /受虐狂/person who enjoys his own pain. The masochist begs, "Hit me." The sadist smiles and says, "I won't."

Front 1176

material

Back 1176

ADJ. /物质的；重要的/made of physical matter; unspiritual; impor?tant. Probing the mysteries of this material world has always fascinated physicist George Whitesides. Reporters nick?named Madonna the Material Girl because, despite her name, she seemed wholly uninterested in spiritual values. Lexy's active participation made a material difference to the success of the fund-raiser.

Front 1177

materialism

Back 1177

N. /唯物主义/preoccupation with physical comforts and things. By its nature, materialism is opposed to idealism, for where the materialist emphasizes the needs of the body, the idealist emphasizes the needs of the soul.

Front 1178

maternal

Back 1178

ADJ. /母性的/motherly. Many animals display maternal instincts only while their offspring are young and helpless.

Front 1179

matriarch

Back 1179

N. /女家长；掌管全家的老太婆/woman who rules a family or larger social group. The matriarch ruled her gypsy tribe with a firm hand.

Front 1180

matriculate

Back 1180

V. /入学/enroll (in college or graduate school). Incoming students formally matriculate at our college in a special ceremony during which they sign the official regis?ter of students.

Front 1181

maudlin

Back 1181

ADJ. /多愁善感/effusively sentimental. Whenever a particu?larly maudlin tearjerker was playing at the movies, Marvin would embarrass himself by weeping copiously.

Front 1182

maul

Back 1182

V. /粗手粗脚的处理/handle roughly. The rock star was mauled by his over-excited fans.

Front 1183

maverick

Back 1183

N. /没打烙印的动物；闹独立的人；非国教徒；造反者/rebel; nonconformist. To the masculine literary establishment, George Sand with her insistence on wearing trousers and smoking cigars was clearly a maverick who fought her proper womanly role.

Front 1184

mawkish

Back 1184

ADJ. /过分多愁善感；感情脆弱到令人作呕的/mushy and gushy; icky-sticky sentimental; maudlin. Whenever Gigi and her boyfriend would sigh and get all lovey-dovey, her little brother would shout, "Yuck!" protesting their mawkish behavior.

Front 1185

maxim

Back 1185

N. /至理名言；格言/proverb; a truth pithily stated. Aesop's fables illustrate moral maxims.

Front 1186

meager

Back 1186

ADJ. /瘦的；贫乏的，不足的/scanty; inadequate. Still hungry after his meager serving of porridge, Oliver Twist asked for a sec?ond helping.

Front 1187

meander

Back 1187

V. /弯曲；蜿蜒/wind or turn in its course. Needing to stay close to a source of water, he followed every twist and turn of the stream as it meandered through the countryside.

Front 1188

meddlesome

Back 1188

ADJ. /爱管闲事的；好事的；好插手的/interfering. He felt his marriage was suf?fering because of his meddlesome mother-in-law.

Front 1189

mediate

Back 1189

V. /调解；仲裁/settle a dispute through the services of an out?sider. King Solomon was asked to mediate a dispute between two women, each of whom claimed to be the mother of the same child.

Front 1190

mediocre

Back 1190

ADJ. /普通的，一般的/ordinary; commonplace. We were disap?pointed because he gave a rather mediocre performance in this role.

Front 1191

meditation

Back 1191

N. /沉思冥想/reflection; thought. She reached her deci?sion only after much meditation.

Front 1192

medley

Back 1192

N. /混合/mixture. To avoid boring dancers by playing any one tune for too long, bands may combine three or four tunes into a medley.

Front 1193

meek

Back 1193

ADJ. /谦卑的，驯服的；温和的；顺从的/quiet and obedient; spiritless. Can Lois Lane see through Superman's disguise and spot the superhero hiding behind the guise of meek, timorous Clark Kent? Mr. Barrett never expected his meek daughter would dare to defy him by eloping with her suitor.

Front 1194

melancholy

Back 1194

ADJ. /忧郁/gloomy; morose; blue. To Eugene, stuck in his small town, a train whistle was a melancholy sound, for it made him think of all the places he would never get to see.

Front 1195

mellifluous

Back 1195

ADJ. /优美的；流畅的；蜜一样的/sweetly or smoothly flowing; melodious. Ital?ian is a mellifluous language, especially suited to being sung.

Front 1196

membrane

Back 1196

N. /（动植物的）膜，薄膜/thin soft sheet of animal or vegetable tissue. Each individual section of an orange is covered with a thin, transparent membrane. membranous,ADJ.

Front 1197

memento

Back 1197

N. /有象征意义的物品；纪念品/token; reminder. Take this book as a memento of your visit.

Front 1198

menagerie

Back 1198

N. /动物园/collection of wild animals. Whenever the children run wild around the house, Mom shouts, "Calm down! I'm not running a menagerie!"

Front 1199

mendacious

Back 1199

ADJ. /撒谎成性的；撒谎的，假的/lying; habitually dishonest. Distrusting Huck from the start, Miss Watson assumed he was menda?cious and refused to believe a word he said.

Front 1200

mendicant

Back 1200

N. /乞丐/beggar. "O noble sir, give alms to the poor," cried Aladdin, playing the mendicant.

Front 1201

menial

Back 1201

ADJ. /仆人的；卑贱的/suitable for servants; lowly; mean. Her wicked stepmother forced Cinderella to do menial tasks around the house while her ugly stepsisters lolled around painting their toenails.

Front 1202

mentor

Back 1202

N. /门特；顾问；导师/teacher. During this very trying period, she could not have had a better mentor, for the teacher was sympathetic and understanding.

Front 1203

mercenary

Back 1203

ADJ. /唯利是图/interested in money or gain. Andy's every act was prompted by mercenary motives: his first question was always "What's in it for me?"

Front 1204

mercurial

Back 1204

ADJ. /善变的；无常的/capricious; changing; fickle. Quick as quicksilver to change, he was mercurial in nature and there?fore unreliable.

Front 1205

merger

Back 1205

N. /合并；吞并/combination (of two business corporations). When the firm's president married the director of financial planning, the office joke was that it wasn't a marriage, it was a merger.

Front 1206

mesmerize

Back 1206

V. /施催眠术/hypnotize. The incessant drone seemed to mesmerize him and place him in a trance.

Front 1207

metallurgical

Back 1207

ADJ. /冶金的/pertaining to the art of removing metals from ores. During the course of his metallurgical research, the scientist developed a steel alloy of tremendous strength.

Front 1208

metamorphosis

Back 1208

N. /变形/change of form; major transformation. The metamorphosis of caterpillar to butterfly is typical of many such changes in animal life. metamorphose,V.

Front 1209

metaphor

Back 1209

N. /隐喻/implied comparison. "He soared like an eagle" is an example of a simile; "He is an eagle in flight," a metaphor.

Front 1210

metaphysical

Back 1210

ADJ. /形而上学的/pertaining to speculative philosophy. The modern poets have gone back to the fanciful poems of the metaphysical poets of the seventeenth century for many of their images. metaphysics, N.

Front 1211

methodical

Back 1211

ADJ. /方法论的；系统化的/systematic. An accountant must be methodical and maintain order among his financial records.

Front 1212

meticulous

Back 1212

ADJ. /小心翼翼的/excessively careful; painstaking; scrupu?lous. Martha Stewart was a meticulous housekeeper, fuss?ing about each and every detail that went into making up her perfect home.

Front 1213

metropolis

Back 1213

N. /大都会/large city. Every evening the terminal is filled with thousands of commuters going from this metropolis to their homes in the suburbs.

Front 1214

mettle

Back 1214

N. /勇气；精神/courage; spirit. When challenged by the other horses in the race, the thoroughbred proved its mettle by its determination to hold the lead.

Front 1215

miasma

Back 1215

N. /沼气；瘴气，毒气；天然气/swamp gas; heavy, vaporous atmosphere, often emanating from decaying matter; pervasive corrupting influence. The smog hung over Victorian London like a dark cloud; noisome, reeking of decay, it was a visible miasma.

Front 1216

microcosm

Back 1216

N. /微观世界/small world; the world in miniature. The small village community that Jane Austen depicts serves as a microcosm of English society in her time, for in this small world we see all the social classes meeting and mingling.

Front 1217

migrant

Back 1217

ADJ. /移居的；候鸟的/changing its habitat; wandering. These migrant birds return every spring. also N.

Front 1218

migratory

Back 1218

ADJ. /迁徙的；流浪的/wandering. The return of the migratory birds to the northern sections of this country is a harbinger of spring. migrate,V.

Front 1219

milieu

Back 1219

N. /环境；（社会）背景/environment; means of expression. Surrounded by smooth preppies and arty bohemians, the country boy from Smalltown, USA, felt out of his milieu. Although he has produced excellent oil paintings and lithographs, his proper milieu is watercolor.

Front 1220

militant

Back 1220

ADJ. /好战的/combative; bellicose. Although at this time he was advocating a policy of neutrality, one could usually find him adopting a more militant attitude. also N.

Front 1221

mimicry

Back 1221

N. /模仿/imitation. Her gift for mimicry was so great that her friends said that she should be in the theater.

Front 1222

mincing

Back 1222

ADJ. /装腔作势的/affectedly dainty. Yum-Yum walked across the stage with mincing steps.

Front 1223

minuscule

Back 1223

ADJ. /极小的/extremely small. Why should I involve myself with a project with so minuscule a chance for success?

Front 1224

minute

Back 1224

ADJ. /极小的/extremely small. The twins resembled one another closely; only minute differences set them apart.

Front 1225

minutiae

Back 1225

N. /细节；细微之处/petty details. She would have liked to ignore the minutiae of daily living.

Front 1226

mirage

Back 1226

N. /曲解；海市蜃楼；虚影 /unreal reflection; optical illusion. The lost prospector was fooled by a mirage in the desert.

Front 1227

mire

Back 1227

V. /陷入（泥塘）；麻烦缠身/entangle; stick in swampy ground. Their rear wheels became mired in mud. also N.

Front 1228

mirth

Back 1228

N. /欢笑/merriment; laughter. Sober Malvolio found Sir Toby's mirth improper.

Front 1229

misanthrope

Back 1229

N. /厌恶人类的人；憎人者/one who hates mankind. In Gulliver's Travels, Swift portrays an image of humanity as vile, degraded beasts; for this reason, various critics consider him a misanthrope.

Front 1230

misapprehension

Back 1230

N. /错误；误解/error; misunderstanding. To avoid misapprehension, I am going to ask all of you to repeat the instructions I have given.

Front 1231

miscellany

Back 1231

N. /杂记/mixture of writings on various subjects. This is an interesting miscellany of nineteenth-century prose and poetry.

Front 1232

mischance

Back 1232

N. /霉运；不幸/ill luck. By mischance, he lost his week's salary.

Front 1233

misconception

Back 1233

N. /误解/mistaken idea. "Sir, you are suffering from a misconception. I do not wish to marry you in the least!"

Front 1234

misconstrue

Back 1234

V. /曲解/interpret incorrectly; misjudge. She took the passage seriously rather than humorously because she misconstrued the author's ironic tone.

Front 1235

misdemeanor

Back 1235

N. /轻罪/minor crime. The culprit pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor rather than face trial for a felony.

Front 1236

miserly

Back 1236

ADJ. /吝啬的；贪婪的；坏的/stingy; mean. Transformed by his vision on Christmas Eve, mean old Scrooge ceased being miserly and became a generous, kind old man.

Front 1237

misgivings

Back 1237

N. /担忧，疑虑/doubts. Hamlet described his misgivings to Horatio but decided to fence with Laertes despite his fore?boding of evil.

Front 1238

mishap

Back 1238

N. /意外，灾难/accident. With a little care you could have avoided this mishap.

Front 1239

misnomer

Back 1239

N. /错误的名字；写错名字；用词不当/wrong name; incorrect designation. His tyrannical conduct proved to all that his nickname, King Eric the Just, was a misnomer.

Front 1240

misrepresent

Back 1240

V. /误传；有意制造误解/give a false or incorrect impression, often deliberately; serve unsatisfactorily as a representative. In his job application, Milton misrepresented his academic background; he was fired when his employers discovered the truth. The reformers accused Senator Gunbucks of mis?representing his constituents and claimed he took bribes from the NRA.

Front 1241

missile

Back 1241

N. /投掷物/object to be thrown or projected. After carefully folding his book report into a paper airplane, Beavis threw the missile across the classroom at Butthead. Rocket scien?tists are building guided missiles; Beavis and Butthead can barely make unguided ones.

Front 1242

missive

Back 1242

N. /信件/letter. The ambassador received a missive from the secretary of state.

Front 1243

mite

Back 1243

N. /小东西；小硬币/very small object or creature; small coin. Gnats are annoying mites that sting.

Front 1244

mitigate

Back 1244

V. /减轻；减缓；中和/appease; moderate. Nothing Jason did could mitigate Medea's anger; she refused to forgive him for betraying her.

Front 1245

mnemonic

Back 1245

ADJ. /记忆的/pertaining to memory. He used mnemonic tricks to master new words.

Front 1246

mobile

Back 1246

ADJ. /移动的/movable; not fixed. The mobile blood bank operated by the Red Cross visited our neighborhood today. mobility, N.

Front 1247

mock

Back 1247

V. /嘲弄，嘲笑/ridicule; imitate, often in derision. It is unkind to mock anyone; it is stupid to mock anyone significantly big?ger than you. mockery, N.

Front 1248

mode

Back 1248

N. /时尚；方式；模式/prevailing style; manner; way of doing some?thing. The rock star had to have her hair done in the latest mode: frizzed, with occasional moussed spikes for variety. Henry plans to adopt a simpler mode of life: he is going to become a mushroom hunter and live off the land.

Front 1249

modicum

Back 1249

N. /少量/limited quantity. Although his story is based on a modicum of truth, most of the events he describes are fictitious.

Front 1250

modulate

Back 1250

V. /控制；调制到标准；调制（信号）/tone down in intensity; regulate; change from one key to another. Always singing at the top of her lungs, the budding Brunhilde never learned to modulate her voice.

Front 1251

molecule

Back 1251

N. /分子/the smallest particle (one or more atoms) of a substance, having all the properties of that substance. In chemistry, we study how atoms and molecules react to form new substances.

Front 1252

mollify

Back 1252

V. /平息；安抚/soothe. The airline customer service representa?tive tried to mollify the angry passenger by offering her a seat in first class.

Front 1253

molt

Back 1253

V. /换毛；褪毛/shed or cast off hair or feathers. When Molly's canary molted, he shed feathers all over the house.

Front 1254

molten

Back 1254

ADJ. /融化了的/melted. The city of Pompeii was destroyed by volcanic ash rather than by molten lava flowing from Mount Vesuvius.

Front 1255

momentous

Back 1255

ADJ. /非常重要的/very important. When Marie and Pierre Curie discovered radium, they had no idea of the momen?tous impact their discovery would have upon society.

Front 1256

momentum

Back 1256

N. /动量；动力/quantity of motion of a moving body; impetus. The car lost momentum as it tried to ascend the steep hill.

Front 1257

monarchy

Back 1257

N. /君主制；君主整体/government under a single ruler. Though England today is a monarchy, there is some question whether it will be one in twenty years, given the present dis?content at the prospect of Prince Charles as king.

Front 1258

monastic

Back 1258

ADJ. /僧侣的；遁入空门的，不问世事/related to monks or monasteries; removed from worldly concerns. Withdrawing from the world, Thomas Merton joined a contemplative religious order and adopted the monastic life.

Front 1259

monetary

Back 1259

ADJ. /金融的/pertaining to money. Jane held the family purse strings: she made all monetary decisions affecting the household.

Front 1260

monochromatic

Back 1260

ADJ. /单色的/having only one color. Most people who are color blind actually can distinguish several colors; some, however, have a truly monochromatic view of a world all in shades of gray.

Front 1261

monolithic

Back 1261

ADJ. /单片的，单块的；一体不动摇的/solidly uniform; unyielding. Knowing the importance of appearing resolute, the patriots sought to present a monolithic front.

Front 1262

monosyllabic

Back 1262

ADJ. /单音节的/having only one syllable. No matter what he was asked, the taciturn New Englander answered with a monosyllabic "Yep" or "Nope." monosyllable, N.

Front 1263

monotony

Back 1263

N. /千篇一律的/sameness leading to boredom. What could be more deadly dull than the monotony of punching num?bers into a computer hour after hour?

Front 1264

montage

Back 1264

N. /蒙太奇/photographic composition combining ele?ments from different sources. In one early montage, Beauchamp brought together pictures of broken man?nequins and newspaper clippings about the Vietnam War.

Front 1265

monumental

Back 1265

ADJ. /雄伟的；厚重的；结实的；纪念的/massive. Writing a dictionary is a monu?mental task.

Front 1266

moodiness

Back 1266

N. /闷闷不乐/fits of depression or gloom. Her recurrent moodiness left her feeling as if she had fallen into a black hole.

Front 1267

moratorium

Back 1267

N. /延期偿还/legal delay of payment. If we declare a moratorium and delay collection of debts for six months, I am sure the farmers will be able to meet their bills.

Front 1268

morbid

Back 1268

ADJ. /病态的，恐怖的；喜怒无常的；不成熟的/given to unwholesome thought; moody; char-acteristic of disease. People who come to disaster sites just to peer at the grisly wreckage are indulging their morbid curiosity.

Front 1269

mores

Back 1269

N. /风俗习惯/conventions; moral standards; customs. In America, Benazir Bhutto dressed as Western women did; in Pakistan, however, she followed the mores of her people, dressing in traditional veil and robes.

Front 1270

moribund

Back 1270

ADJ. /垂死的/dying. Hearst took a moribund, failing weekly newspaper and transformed it into one of the liveli?est, most profitable daily papers around.

Front 1271

morose

Back 1271

ADJ. /郁闷的；乖僻的/ill-humored; sullen; melancholy. Forced to take early retirement, Bill acted morose for months; then, all of a sudden, he shook off his sullen mood and was his usual cheerful self.

Front 1272

mortician

Back 1272

N. /殡仪业者/undertaker. The mortician prepared the corpse for burial.

Front 1273

mortify

Back 1273

V. /侮辱；体罚/humiliate; punish the flesh. She was so mortified by her blunder that she ran to her room in tears.

Front 1274

mosaic

Back 1274

N. /马赛克/picture made of colorful small inlaid tiles. The mayor compared the city to a beautiful mosaic made up of people of every race and religion on earth.

Front 1275

mote

Back 1275

N. /小半点/small speck. The tiniest mote in the eye is very painful.

Front 1276

motif

Back 1276

N. /主旨，本意；动机/theme. This simple motif runs throughout the entire score.

Front 1277

motley

Back 1277

ADJ. /多彩的，杂色的；混合的/multi-colored; mixed. The jester wore a motley tunic, red and green and blue and gold all patched together haphazardly. Captain Ahab had gathered a motley crew to sail the vessel: old sea dogs and runaway boys, pil?lars of the church and drunkards, even a tattooed islander who terrified the rest of the crew.

Front 1278

mottled

Back 1278

ADJ. /有斑点的；弄脏的/blotched in coloring; spotted. When old Fal?staff blushed, his face was mottled with embarrassment, all pink and purple and red.

Front 1279

muddle

Back 1279

V. /迷惑的；搞乱了的，混淆了的/confuse; mix up. His thoughts were muddled and chaotic. also N.

Front 1280

muggy

Back 1280

ADJ. /又热又潮的（天气）/warm and damp. August in New York City is often muggy.

Front 1281

multifaceted

Back 1281

ADJ. /多面的/having many aspects. A multifaceted composer, Roger Davidson has recorded original pieces that range from ragtime tangos to choral masses.

Front 1282

multifarious

Back 1282

ADJ. /多样的；各式各样的/varied; greatly diversified. A career woman and mother, she was constantly busy with the multi?farious activities of her daily life.

Front 1283

multiform

Back 1283

ADJ. /多态的/having many forms. Snowflakes are multi?form but always hexagonal.

Front 1284

multilingual

Back 1284

ADJ. /多语种的/having many languages. Because they are bordered by so many countries, the Swiss people are multilingual.

Front 1285

multiplicity

Back 1285

N. /多样性/state of being numerous. He was appalled by the multiplicity of details he had to complete before set?ting out on his mission.

Front 1286

mundane

Back 1286

ADJ. /世俗的；日常的/worldly as opposed to spiritual; everyday. Uninterested in philosophical or spiritual discussions, Tom talked only of mundane matters such as the daily weather forecast or the latest basketball results.

Front 1287

munificent

Back 1287

ADJ. /宽宏大量的；慷慨大方的/very generous. Shamelessly fawning over a particularly generous donor, the dean kept on referring to her as "our munificent benefactor." munificence, N.

Front 1288

mural

Back 1288

N. /壁画/wall painting. The walls of the Chicano Commu?nity Center are covered with murals painted in the style of Diego Rivera, the great Mexican artist.

Front 1289

murky

Back 1289

ADJ. /暗的，模糊的，暧昧的/dark and gloomy; thick with fog; vague. The murky depths of the swamp were so dark that one couldn't tell the vines and branches from the snakes.

Front 1290

muse

Back 1290

V. /沉思/ponder. For a moment he mused about the beauty of the scene, but his thoughts soon changed as he recalled his own personal problems. also N.

Front 1291

mushroom

Back 1291

V. /膨胀，迅速生长/expand or grow rapidly. Between 1990 and 1999, the population of Silicon Valley mushroomed; with the rapidly increasing demand for housing, home prices sky?rocketed as well.

Front 1292

musky

Back 1292

ADJ. /麝香味儿的/having the odor of musk. She left a trace of musky perfume behind her.

Front 1293

muster

Back 1293

V. /收集；集合/gather; assemble. Washington mustered his forces at Trenton. also N.

Front 1294

musty

Back 1294

ADJ. /陈腐的，变质的；时间长损失品质的/stale; spoiled by age. The attic was dark and musty.

Front 1295

mutability

Back 1295

N. /变化能力/ability to change in form; fickleness. Going from rags to riches, and then back to rags again, the bank?rupt financier was a victim of the mutability of fortune.

Front 1296

muted

Back 1296

ADJ. /静默的；静音的/silent; muffled; toned down. Thanks to the thick, sound-absorbing walls of the cathedral, only muted traffic noise reached the worshippers within.

Front 1297

mutinous

Back 1297

ADJ. /反抗的；暴动的/unruly; rebellious. The captain had to use force to quiet his mutinous crew. mutiny, N.

Front 1298

myopic

Back 1298

ADJ. /鼠目寸光；缺乏远见/nearsighted; lacking foresight. Stumbling into doors despite the coke bottle lenses on his glasses, the nearsighted Mr. Magoo is markedly myopic. In playing all summer long and ignoring to store up food for winter, the grasshopper in Aesop's fable was myopic as well.

Front 1299

myriad

Back 1299

N. /无数，非常多/very large number. Myriads of mosquitoes from the swamps invaded our village every twilight. alsoADJ.

Front 1300

mystify

Back 1300

V. /迷惑，蛊惑/bewilder purposely. When doctors speak in medical jargon, they often mystify their patients, who have little knowledge of medical terminology.

Front 1301

nadir

Back 1301

N. /谷底，最低点；天底/lowest point. Although few people realized it, the Dow-Jones averages had reached their nadir and would soon begin an upward surge.

Front 1302

naiveté

Back 1302

N. /天真烂漫的，简单的/quality of being unsophisticated; simplicity; art?lessness; gullibility. Touched by the naivetd of sweet, con?vent-trained Cosette, Marius pledges himself to protect her innocence. naive,ADJ.

Front 1303

narcissist

Back 1303

N. /自我陶醉的人；逞能的人/conceited person; someone in love with his own image. A narcissist is her own best friend.

Front 1304

narrative

Back 1304

ADJ. /解说的/related to telling a story. A born teller of tales, Tillie Olsen used her impressive narrative skills to advantage in her story "I Stand Here Ironing." narrate,V.

Front 1305

nascent

Back 1305

ADJ. /初生的/incipient; coming into being. If we could identify these revolutionary movements in their nascent state, we would be able to eliminate serious trouble in later years.

Front 1306

natty

Back 1306

ADJ. /穿着整齐干净的/neatly or smartly dressed. Priding himself on being a natty dresser, the gangster Bugsy Siegel collected a wardrobe of imported suits and ties.

Front 1307

nauseate

Back 1307

V. /令人作呕的/cause to become sick; fill with disgust. The foul smells began to nauseate him.

Front 1308

nautical

Back 1308

ADJ. /航海的/pertaining to ships or navigation. The Mar?itime Museum contains many models of clipper ships, log?books, anchors and many other items of a nautical nature.

Front 1309

navigable

Back 1309

ADJ. /可以通航的/wide and deep enough to allow ships to pass through; able to be steered. So much sand had built up at the bottom of the canal that the waterway was barely navigable.

Front 1310

nebulous

Back 1310

ADJ. /暧昧的，混浊不清的/vague; hazy; cloudy. After twenty years, she had only a nebulous memory of her grandmother's face.

Front 1311

necromancy

Back 1311

N. /巫术，妖术，招魂术/black magic; dealings with the dead. The evil sorceror performed feats of necromancy, calling on the spirits of the dead to tell the future.

Front 1312

nefarious

Back 1312

ADJ. /十恶不赦的/very wicked. The villain's crimes, though various, were one and all nefarious.

Front 1313

negate

Back 1313

V. /拒绝，否定，取消/cancel out; nullify; deny. A sudden surge of adrenalin can negate the effects of fatigue: there's nothing like a good shock to wake you up.

Front 1314

negligence

Back 1314

N. /疏忽，没能尽力的/neglect; failure to take reasonable care. Tommy failed to put back the cover on the well after he fetched his pail of water; because of his negligence, Kitty fell in.

Front 1315

negligible

Back 1315

ADJ. /可忽略不计的/so small, trifling, or unimportant that it may be easily disregarded. Because the damage to his car had been negligible, Michael decided he wouldn't bother to report the matter to his insurance company.

Front 1316

nemesis

Back 1316

N. /复仇的人；寻衅者/someone seeking revenge. Abandoned at sea in a small boat, the vengeful Captain Bligh vowed to be the nemesis of Fletcher Christian and his fellow mutineers.

Front 1317

neologism

Back 1317

N. /新生词/new or newly coined word or phrase. As we invent new techniques and professions, we must also Invent neologisms such as "microcomputer" and "astronaut" to describe them.

Front 1318

neophyte

Back 1318

N. /新入教者；新信徒/recent convert; beginner. This mountain slope contains slides that will challenge experts as well as neophytes.

Front 1319

nepotism

Back 1319

N. /偏袒的人（亲戚）/favoritism (to a relative). John left his position with the company because he felt that advancement was based on nepotism rather than ability.

Front 1320

nettle

Back 1320

V. /烦恼；激怒；荨麻/annoy; vex. Do not let him nettle you with his sar?castic remarks.

Front 1321

neutral

Back 1321

ADJ. /中型的；自然的；中庸的，公允的/impartial; not supporting one side over another. Reluctant to get mixed up in someone else's quar?rel, Bobby tried to remain neutral, but eventually he had to take sides.

Front 1322

nicety

Back 1322

N. /准确，精密/precision; minute distinction. I cannot distinguish between such niceties of reasoning.

Front 1323

nihilist

Back 1323

N. /虚无主义者/one who believes traditional beliefs to be groundless and existence meaningless; absolute skeptic; revolutionary terrorist. In his final days, Hitler revealed him?self a power-mad nihilist, ready to annihilate all of Western Europe, even to destroy Germany itself, in order that his will might prevail. The root of the word nihilist is nihil, Latin for nothing. nihilism, N.

Front 1324

nip

Back 1324

V. /夹，捏；剪断；阻止/stop something's growth or development; snip off; bite; make numb with cold. The twins were plotting mis?chief, but Mother intervened and nipped that plan in the bud. The gardener nipped off a lovely rose and gave it to me. Last week a guard dog nipped the postman in the leg; this week the extreme chill nipped his fingers till he could barely hold the mail.

Front 1325

nirvana

Back 1325

N. /涅磐/in Buddhist teachings, the ideal state in which the individual loses himself in the attainment of an imper?sonal beatitude. Despite his desire to achieve nirvana, the young Buddhist found that even the buzzing of a fly could distract him from his meditation.

Front 1326

nocturnal

Back 1326

ADJ. /夜的/done at night. Mr. Jones obtained a watch?dog to prevent the nocturnal raids on his chicken coops.

Front 1327

noisome

Back 1327

ADJ. /有害的，有毒的；恶臭的/foul-smelling; unwholesome. The noisome atmosphere downwind of the oil refinery not only stank, it damaged the lungs of everyone living in the area.

Front 1328

nomadic

Back 1328

ADJ. /游牧的/wandering. Several nomadic tribes of Indi?ans would hunt in this area each year.

Front 1329

nomenclature

Back 1329

N. /命名法；术语学/terminology; system of names. Sharon found Latin word parts useful in translating medical nomen?clature: when her son had to have a bilateral myringotomy, she figured out that he just needed a hole in each of his eardrums to end the earaches he had.

Front 1330

nominal

Back 1330

ADJ. /有名无实的，名存实亡的；名义上的/in name only; trifling. He offered to drive her to the airport for only a nominal fee.

Front 1331

nonchalance

Back 1331

N. /冷淡/indifference; lack of concern; composure. Cool, calm, and collected under fire, James Bond shows remarkable nonchalance in the face of danger.

Front 1332

noncommittal

Back 1332

ADJ. /不明朗的，不表态的；中庸的，未决的/neutral; unpledged; undecided. We were annoyed by his noncommittal reply for we had been led to expect definite assurances of his approval.

Front 1333

nondescript

Back 1333

ADJ. /普通的/undistinctive; ordinary. The private detec?tive was a short, nondescript fellow with no outstanding fea?tures, the sort of person one would never notice in a crowd.

Front 1334

nonentity

Back 1334

N. /不存在/person of no importance; nonexistence. Because the two older princes dismissed their youngest brother as a nonentity, they did not realize that he was qui?etly plotting to seize the throne.

Front 1335

nonplus

Back 1335

V. /使迷惑；使为难；混淆/bring to halt by confusion; perplex. Jack's uncharacteristic rudeness nonplussed Jill, leaving her uncertain how to react.

Front 1336

nostalgia

Back 1336

N. /想家；乡愁/homesickness; longing for the past. My grandfather seldom spoke of life in the old country; he had little patience with nostalgia. nostalgic,ADJ.

Front 1337

notable

Back 1337

ADJ. /显著的；值得注意的/conspicuous; important; distinguished. Nor?mally notable for his calm in the kitchen, today the head cook was shaking, for the notable chef Julia Child was com?ing to dinner.

Front 1338

notoriety

Back 1338

N. /臭名昭著的/disrepute; ill fame. To the starlet, any publicity was good publicity: if she couldn't have a good reputation, she'd settle for notoriety. notorious,ADJ.

Front 1339

novelty

Back 1339

N. /新奇/something new; newness. The computer is no longer a novelty at work; every desk in our office has one. novel,ADJ.

Front 1340

novice

Back 1340

N. /新手/beginner. Even a novice at working with comput?ers can install Barron's Computer Study Program for the SAT by following the easy steps outlined in the user's manual.

Front 1341

noxious

Back 1341

ADJ. /有害的/harmful. We must trace the source of these noxious gases before they asphyxiate us.

Front 1342

nuance

Back 1342

N. /细微差别/shade of difference in meaning or color; subtle distinction. Jody gazed at the Monet landscape for an hour, appreciating every subtle nuance of color in the painting.

Front 1343

nullify

Back 1343

V. /使无效/to make invalid. Once the contract was nullified, it no longer had any legal force.

Front 1344

numismatist

Back 1344

N. /硬币收藏家/person who collects coins. The numisma?tist had a splendid collection of antique coins.

Front 1345

nuptial

Back 1345

ADJ. /婚姻的/related to marriage. Reluctant to be married in a traditional setting, they decided to hold their nuptial cere?mony at the carousel in Golden Gate Park.

Front 1346

nurture

Back 1346

V. /养育；教育/nourish; educate; foster. The Head Start pro?gram attempts to nurture pre-kindergarten children so that they will do well when they enter public school. also N.

Front 1347

nutrient

Back 1347

N. /营养品/nourishing substance. As a budding nutrition?ist, Kim has learned to design diets that contain foods rich in important basic nutrients.

Front 1348

oaf

Back 1348

N. /愚蠢的人/stupid, awkward person. "Watch what you're doing, you clumsy oaf!" Bill shouted at the waiter who had drenched him with iced coffee.

Front 1349

obdurate

Back 1349

ADJ. /执拗的；顽固的/stubborn. He was obdurate in his refusal to listen to our complaints.

Front 1350

obese

Back 1350

ADJ. /肥胖的/fat. It is advisable that obese people try to lose weight.

Front 1351

obfuscate

Back 1351

V. /迷惑，困惑；增加不必要的复杂性/confuse; muddle; cause confusion; make needlessly complex. Was the president's spokesman trying to clarify the Whitewater mystery, or was he trying to obfus?cate the issue so the voters would never figure out what went on?

Front 1352

obituary

Back 1352

ADJ. /讣告/death notice. I first learned of her death when I read the obituary column in the newspaper. also N.

Front 1353

objective

Back 1353

ADJ. /不为情所动的；公平的/not influenced by emotions; fair. Even though he was her son, she tried to be objective about his behavior.

Front 1354

objective

Back 1354

N. /目标/goal; aim. A degree in medicine was her ulti?mate objective.

Front 1355

obligatory

Back 1355

ADJ. /必须的/binding; required. It is obligatory that books borrowed from the library be returned within two weeks.

Front 1356

oblique

Back 1356

ADJ. /间接的；倾斜的；无诚意的/indirect; slanting (deviating from the perpen?dicular or from a straight line). Casting a quick, oblique glance at the reviewing stand, the sergeant ordered the company to march "Oblique Right."

Front 1357

obliterate

Back 1357

V. /彻底摧毁/destroy completely. The tidal wave obliterated several island villages,

Front 1358

oblivion

Back 1358

N. /遗忘；赦免/obscurity; forgetfulness. After a decade of pop?ularity, Hurston's works had fallen into oblivion; no one bothered to read them any more.

Front 1359

oblivious

Back 1359

ADJ. /遗忘的；出神的/inattentive or unmindful; wholly absorbed. Deep in her book, Nancy was oblivious to the noisy squab?bles of her brother and his friends.

Front 1360

obnoxious

Back 1360

ADJ. /讨厌的；冒犯的/offensive. I find your behavior obnoxious; please mend your ways.

Front 1361

obscure

Back 1361

ADJ. /模糊的，不明了的，暗淡的/dark; vague; unclear. Even after I read the poem a fourth time, its meaning was still obscure. obscu?rity, N.

Front 1362

obscure

Back 1362

V. /使模糊；使暗淡/darken; make unclear. At times he seemed purposely to obscure his meaning, preferring mystery to clarity.

Front 1363

obsequious

Back 1363

ADJ. /谄媚的；拍马屁的；奴性的/slavishly attentive; servile; sycophantic. Helen liked to be served by people who behaved as if they respected themselves; nothing irritated her more than an excessively obsequious waiter or a fawning salesclerk.

Front 1364

obsessive

Back 1364

ADJ. /强迫性的，入迷的；出神的/related to thinking about something con?stantly; preoccupying. Ballet, which had been a hobby, began to dominate his life: his love of dancing became obsessive. obsession, N.

Front 1365

obsolete

Back 1365

ADJ. /过时的；无用的/no longer useful; outmoded; antiquated. The invention of the pocket calculator made the slide rule used by generations of engineers obsolete.

Front 1366

obstetrician

Back 1366

N. /妇产科医师/physician specializing in delivery of babies. In modern times, the delivery of children has passed from the midwife to the more scientifically trained obstetrician,

Front 1367

obstinate

Back 1367

ADJ. /坚定的，倔强的/stubborn; hard to control or treat. We tried to persuade him to give up smoking, but he was obstinate and refused to change. Blackberry stickers are the most obstinate weeds I know: once established in a yard, they're extremely hard to root out. obstinacy, N.

Front 1368

obstreperous

Back 1368

ADJ. /喧闹的，喧嚣的；任性的/boisterous; noisy. What do you do when an obstreperous horde of drunken policemen goes carous?ing through your hotel, crashing into potted plants and singing vulgar songs?

Front 1369

obtrude

Back 1369

V. /插手，强入，冲出/push (oneself or one's ideas) forward or intrude; butt in; stick out or extrude. Because Fanny was reluctant to obtrude her opinions about child-raising upon her daughter-in-law, she kept a close watch on her tongue. obtrusive,ADJ.

Front 1370

obtuse

Back 1370

ADJ. /钝的，迟钝的；愚蠢的/blunt; stupid. What can you do with somebody who's so obtuse that he can't even tell that you're insulting him?

Front 1371

obviate

Back 1371

V. /消除；排除；避免/make unnecessary; get rid of. I hope this contri?bution will obviate any need for further collections of funds.

Front 1372

odious

Back 1372

ADJ. /可恨的；可耻的/hateful; vile. Cinderella's ugly stepsisters had the odious habit of popping their zits in public.

Front 1373

odium

Back 1373

N. /讨厌；憎恶/detestation; hatefulness; disrepute. Prince Charming could not express the odium he felt toward Cin?derella's stepsisters because of their mistreatment of poor Cinderella.

Front 1374

odorous

Back 1374

ADJ. /有气味的/having an odor. This variety of hybrid tea rose is more odorous than the one you have in your garden.

Front 1375

odyssey

Back 1375

N. /长期的冒险旅行/long, eventful journey. The refugee's journey from Cambodia was a terrifying odyssey.

Front 1376

offensive

Back 1376

ADJ. /攻击的；冒犯的/attacking; insulting; distasteful. Getting into street brawls is no minor matter for professional boxers, who are required by law to restrict their offensive impulses to the ring.

Front 1377

offhand

Back 1377

ADJ. /即时的；随意的/casual; done without prior thought. Expecting to be treated with due propriety by her hosts, Great-Aunt Maud was offended by their offhand manner.

Front 1378

officious

Back 1378

ADJ. /多管闲事的/meddlesome; excessively pushy in offering one's services. Judy wanted to look over the new computer models on her own, but the officious salesman kept on butting in with "helpful" advice until she was ready to walk out of the store.

Front 1379

ogle

Back 1379

V. /抛媚眼；送秋波/look at amorously; make eyes at. At the coffee house, Walter was too shy to ogle the pretty girls openly; instead, he peeked out at them from behind a rubber plant.

Front 1380

olfactory

Back 1380

ADJ. /嗅觉的/concerning the sense of smell. A wine taster must have a discriminating palate and a keen olfactory sense, for a good wine appeals both to the taste buds and to the nose.

Front 1381

oligarchy

Back 1381

N. /寡头政治/government by a privileged few. One small clique ran the student council: what had been intended as a democratic governing body had turned into an oligarchy.

Front 1382

ominous

Back 1382

ADJ. /有威胁的；恶兆的/threatening. Those clouds are ominous; they suggest a severe storm is on the way.

Front 1383

omnipotent

Back 1383

ADJ. /无所不能的；全能的/all-powerful. The monarch regarded him?self as omnipotent and responsible to no one for his acts.

Front 1384

omnipresent

Back 1384

ADJ. /无所不在的/universally present; ubiquitous. On Christmas Eve, Santa Claus is omnipresent.

Front 1385

omniscient

Back 1385

ADJ. /无所不知的/all-knowing. I do not pretend to be omni?scient, but I am positive about this fact.

Front 1386

omnivorous

Back 1386

ADJ. /无所不吃的；杂食的/eating both plant and animal food; devouring everything. Some animals, including man, are omnivorous and eat both meat and vegetables; others are either carnivorous or herbivorous.

Front 1387

onerous

Back 1387

ADJ. /范忠德/burdensome. He asked for an assistant because his work load was too onerous.

Front 1388

onset

Back 1388

N. /开始，发作，肇端；攻击/beginning; attack. Caught unprepared by the sudden onset of the storm, we rushed around the house closing windows and bringing the garden furniture into shelter. Caught unprepared by the enemy onset, the troops scrambled to take shelter.

Front 1389

onus

Back 1389

N. /负担；责任/burden; responsibility. The emperor was spared the onus of signing the surrender papers; instead, he rele?gated the assignment to his generals.

Front 1390

opalescent

Back 1390

ADJ. /乳白的/iridescent; lustrous. The oil slick on the water had an opalescent, rainbow-like sheen.

Front 1391

opaque

Back 1391

ADJ. /暗的；不透明的/dark; not transparent. The opaque window shade kept the sunlight out of the room. opacity, N.

Front 1392

opiate

Back 1392

N. /鸦片剂；安眠的，止痛的/medicine to induce sleep or deaden pain; some?thing that relieves emotions or causes inaction. To say that religion is the opiate of the people is to condemn religion as a drug that keeps the people quiet and submissive to those in power.

Front 1393

opportune

Back 1393

ADJ. /世纪恰巧的；刚好的/timely; well-chosen. Sally. looked at her father struggling to balance his checkbook; clearly this would not be an opportune moment to ask him for a raise in her allowance.

Front 1394

opportunist

Back 1394

N. /机会主义者/individual who sacrifices principles for expediency by taking advantage of circumstances. Joe is such an opportunist that he tripled the price of bottled water at his store as soon as the earthquake struck. Because it can break water pipes, an earthquake is, to most people, a disaster; to Joe, it was an opportunity.

Front 1395

optician

Back 1395

N. /眼镜商/maker and seller of eyeglasses. The patient took the prescription given him by his oculist} o the optician.

Front 1396

optimist

Back 1396

N. /乐观者/person who looks on the good side. The pes?simist says the glass is half-empty; the optimist says it is half-full.

Front 1397

optimum

Back 1397

ADJ. /最优的/most favorable. If you wait for the optimum moment to act, you may never begin your project. also N.

Front 1398

optional

Back 1398

ADJ. /可选的/not obligatory; left to one's choice. Most col?leges require applicants to submit SAT I scores; at some colleges, however, submitting SAT I scores is optional.

Front 1399

opulence

Back 1399

N. /奢华；巨富；富裕，富足/extreme wealth; luxuriousness; abundance. The glitter and opulence of the ballroom took Cinderella's breath away. opulent,ADJ.

Front 1400

opus

Back 1400

N. /作品/work. Although many critics hailed his Fifth Sym?phony as his major work, he did not regard it as his major opus.

Front 1401

oracular

Back 1401

ADJ. /神一样的；谜一样的；超自然的，无法理解的/prophetic; uttered as if with divine authority; mysterious or ambiguous. Like many others who sought divine guidance from the oracle at Delphi, Oedipus could not understand the enigmatic oracularwarning he received.

Front 1402

orator

Back 1402

N. /演讲者/public speaker. The abolitionist Frederick Dou?glass was a brilliant orator whose speeches brought home to his audience the evils of slavery.

Front 1403

ordain

Back 1403

V. /指定；规定；任命；命令/decree or command; grant holy orders; predes?tine. The king ordained that no foreigner should be allowed to enter the city. The Bishop of Michigan ordained David a deacon in the Episcopal Church. The young lovers felt that fate had ordained their meeting.

Front 1404

ordeal

Back 1404

N. /严酷的考验；折磨/severe trial or affliction. June was so painfully shy that it was an ordeal for her to speak up when the teacher called on her in class.

Front 1405

ordinance

Back 1405

N. /法令；政令/decree. Passing a red light is a violation of a city ordinance.

Front 1406

ordination

Back 1406

N. /圣职授任；委任/ceremony making someone a minister. At the young priest's ordination, the members of the congregation presented him with a set of vestments. ordain,V.

Front 1407

orgy

Back 1407

N. /放荡，旷野；纵酒狂欢/wild, drunken revelry; unrestrained indulgence in a tendency. The Roman emperor's orgies were far wilder than the toga party in the movie Animal House. When her income tax refund check finally arrived, Sally indulged in an orgy of shopping.

Front 1408

orient

Back 1408

V. /确定方向；校准/get one's bearings; adjust. Philip spent his first day in Denver orienting himself to the city.

Front 1409

orientation

Back 1409

N. /定位（在社会上）/act of finding oneself in society. Freshman ori?entation provides the incoming students with an opportunity to learn about their new environment and their place in it.

Front 1410

ornate

Back 1410

ADJ. /华丽的；过分装饰的/excessively or elaborately decorated. With its elaborately carved, convoluted lines, furniture of the Baroque period was highly ornate.

Front 1411

ornithologist

Back 1411

N. /鸟类学家/scientific student of birds. Audubon's drawings of American bird life have been of interest not only to the ornithologists but also to the general public.

Front 1412

ornithology

Back 1412

N. /鸟类学/study of birds. Audubon's studies of Ameri?can birds greatly influenced the course of ornithology.

Front 1413

orthodox

Back 1413

ADJ. /传统的；保守的/traditional; conservative in belief. Faced with a problem, he preferred to take an orthodox approach rather than shock anyone. orthodoxy, N.

Front 1414

oscillate

Back 1414

V. /振荡/vibrate pendulumlike; waver. It is interesting to note how public opinion oscillates between the extremes of optimism and pessimism.

Front 1415

ossify

Back 1415

V. /硬化；骨化；化石化/change or harden into bone. When he called his opponent a "bonehead," he implied that his adversary's brain had ossified to the point that he was incapable of clear thinking.

Front 1416

ostensible

Back 1416

ADJ. /显然的；虚假的/apparent; professed; pretended. Although the ostensible purpose of this expedition is to discover new lands, we are really interested in finding new markets for our products.

Front 1417

ostentatious

Back 1417

ADJ. /卖弄的；企图惹人注意的；哗众取宠的/showy; pretentious; trying to attract attention. Donald Trump's latest casino in Atlantic City is the most ostentatious gambling palace in the East: it easily out?glitters its competitors. ostentation, N.

Front 1418

ostracize

Back 1418

V. /放逐/exclude from public favor; ban. As soon as the newspapers carried the story of his connection with the criminals, his friends began to ostracize him. ostracism, N.

Front 1419

oust

Back 1419

V. /剥夺；驱逐/expel; drive out. The world wondered if Aquino would be able to oust Marcos from office. ouster, N.

Front 1420

outlandish

Back 1420

ADJ. /奇异的；偏僻的；前卫的/bizarre; peculiar; unconventional. The eccentric professor who engages in markedly outlandish behavior is a stock figure in novels with an academic setting.

Front 1421

outmoded

Back 1421

ADJ. /过时的/longer stylish; old-fashioned. Uncon?cerned about keeping in style, Lenore was perfectly happy to wear outmoded clothes as long as they were clean and unfrayed.

Front 1422

outskirts

Back 1422

N. /边界；郊区；外围/fringes; outer borders. We lived, not in central London, but in one of those peripheral suburbs that spring up on the outskirts of a great city.

Front 1423

outspoken

Back 1423

ADJ. /坦率直言的/candid; blunt. The candidate was too out?spoken to be a successful politician; he had not yet learned to weigh his words carefully.

Front 1424

outstrip

Back 1424

V. /超过/surpass; outdo. Jesse Owens easily out?stripped his white competitors to win the gold medal at the Olympic Games.

Front 1425

outwit

Back 1425

V. /欺骗；瞒骗/outsmart; trick. By disguising himself as an old woman, Holmes was able to outwit his pursuers and escape capture.

Front 1426

ovation

Back 1426

N. /热情洋溢的喝彩/enthusiastic applause. When the popular tenor Placido Domingo came on stage in the first act of La Boheme, he was greeted by a tremendous ovation.

Front 1427

overbearing

Back 1427

ADJ. /傲慢专横的/bossy and arrogant; decisively impor?tant. Certain of her own importance, and of the unimpor?tance of everyone else, Lady Bracknell was intolerably overbearing in her manner. "In choosing a husband," she said, "good birth is of overbearing importance; compared to that, neither wealth nor talent signifies."

Front 1428

overt

Back 1428

ADJ. /明显的；公然的/open to view. According to the United States Constitution, a person must commit an overt act before he may be tried for treason.

Front 1429

overwrought

Back 1429

ADJ. /歇斯底里的/extremely agitated; hysterical. When Kate heard the news of the sudden tragedy, she became too overwrought to work and had to leave the office early.

Front 1430

pachyderm

Back 1430

N. /皮厚的动物（如大象）/thick-skinned animal. The elephant is prob?ably the best-known pachyderm.

Front 1431

pacifist

Back 1431

N. /和平主义者/one opposed to force; antimilitarist. Shooting his way through the jungle, Rambo was clearly not a pacifist.

Front 1432

pacify

Back 1432

V. /安抚；平静/soothe; make calm or quiet; subdue. Dentists criticize the practice of giving fussy children sweets to pacify them.

Front 1433

pact

Back 1433

N. /和约；条约/agreement; treaty. Tweedledum and Tweedledee made a pact not to quarrel anymore.

Front 1434

paean

Back 1434

N. /欢乐歌；赞美歌/song of praise or joy. Paeans celebrating the victory filled the air.

Front 1435

painstaking

Back 1435

ADJ. /辛勤的/showing hard work; taking-Dreat care. The new high-frequency word list is the result of painstaking efforts on the part of our research staff.

Front 1436

palatable

Back 1436

ADJ. /可接受的；美味的/agreeable; pleasing to the taste. Neither Jack's underbaked opinions nor his overcooked casseroles were palatable to Jill.

Front 1437

paleontology

Back 1437

N. /古生物学/study of prehistoric life. The paleontology instructor had a superb collection of fossils.

Front 1438

palette

Back 1438

N. /调色板/board on which painter mixes pigments. At the present time, art supply stores are selling a paper palette that may be discarded after use.

Front 1439

pall

Back 1439

V. /厌烦，腻味/grow tiresome. The study of word lists can eventu?ally pall and put one to sleep.

Front 1440

palliate

Back 1440

V. /减轻/lessen the violence of (a disease); alleviate; moderate intensity; gloss over with excuses. Not content merely to palliate the patient's sores and cankers, the researcher sought a means of wiping out the disease. pal?liative,ADJ.

Front 1441

pallid

Back 1441

ADJ. /苍白的，惨淡的/pale; wan. Because his job required that he work at night and sleep during the day, he had an excep?tionally pallid complexion.

Front 1442

palpable

Back 1442

ADJ. /易于领会的；明显的/tangible; easily perceptible; unmistakable. The patient's enlarged spleen was palpable: even the first year medical student could feel it.

Front 1443

palpitate

Back 1443

V. /拍动；跳动；搏动/throb; flutter. As he became excited, his heart began to palpitate more and more erratically.

Front 1444

paltry

Back 1444

ADJ. /不显著的；微小的/insignificant; petty; trifling. One hundred dollars for a genuine imitation Rolex watch! Lady, this is a paltry sum to pay for such a high-class piece of jewelry.

Front 1445

pan

Back 1445

V. /剧烈批评；猛烈抨击/criticize harshly. Hoping for a rave review of his new show, the playwright was miserable when the critics panned it unanimously.

Front 1446

panacea

Back 1446

N. /包治百病的药，灵丹妙药/cure-all; remedy for all diseases. The rich youth cynically declared that the panacea for all speeding tickets was a big enough bribe.

Front 1447

panache

Back 1447

N. /华丽/flair; flamboyance. Many performers imitate Noel Coward, but few have his panache and sense of style.

Front 1448

pandemic

Back 1448

ADJ. /广泛传播的，流行的/widespread; affecting the majority of peo?ple. They feared the AIDS epidemic would soon reach pan?demic proportions.

Front 1449

pandemonium

Back 1449

N. /喧嚣；混乱/wild tumult. When the ships collided in the harbor, pandemonium broke out among the passengers.

Front 1450

pander

Back 1450

V. /低级趣味的；拉皮条/cater to the low desires of others. The reviewer accused the makers of Lethal Weapon of pandering to the masses' taste for violence.

Front 1451

panegyric

Back 1451

N. /推崇之至/formal praise. Blushing at all the praise heaped upon him by the speakers, the modest hero said, °I don't deserve such panegyrics."

Front 1452

panoramic

Back 1452

ADJ. /全景的/related to an unobstructed and compre?hensive view. On a clear day, from the top of the World Trade Center you can get a panoramic view of New York City and parts of New Jersey and Long Island. panorama, N.

Front 1453

pantomime

Back 1453

N. /演哑剧/acting without dialogue. Because he worked in pantomime, the clown could be understood wherever he appeared. alsoV.

Front 1454

papyrus

Back 1454

N. /纸草；草纸（古代的）/ancient paper made from stem of papyrus plant. The ancient Egyptians were among the first to write on papyrus.

Front 1455

parable

Back 1455

N. /寓言/short, simple story teaching a moral. Let us apply to our own conduct the lesson that this parable teaches.

Front 1456

paradigm

Back 1456

N. /典范；模式/model; example; pattern. Pavlov's experiment in which he trains a dog to salivate on hearing a bell is a paradigm of the conditioned-response experiment in behavioral psychology. Barron's How to Prepare for College Entrance Examinations was a paradigm for all the SAT-prep books that followed.

Front 1457

paradox

Back 1457

N. /悖论；佯谬/something apparently contradictory in nature; statement that looks false but is actually correct. Richard presents a bit of a paradox, for he is a card-carrying mem?ber of both the National Rifle Association and the relatively pacifist American Civil Liberties Union.

Front 1458

paragon

Back 1458

N. /模范/model of perfection. Her fellow students dis?liked Lavinia because Miss Minchin always pointed her out as a paragon of virtue.

Front 1459

parallelism

Back 1459

N. /平行状态；相似的/state of being parallel; similarity. Although the twins were separated at birth and grew up in different adop?tive families, a striking parallelism exists between their lives.

Front 1460

paramount

Back 1460

ADJ. /极其重要的/foremost in importance; supreme. Proper nutrition and hygiene are of paramount importance in ado?lescent development and growth.

Front 1461

paranoia

Back 1461

N. /妄想狂；偏执狂/psychosis marked by delusions of grandeur or persecution. Suffering from paranoia, Don claimed every?one was out to get him; ironically, his claim was accurate: even paranoids have enemies.

Front 1462

paraphernalia

Back 1462

N. /琐碎的东西；零碎的随身物品/equipment; odds and ends. His desk was cluttered with paper, pen, ink, dictionary and other paraphernalia of the writing craft.

Front 1463

paraphrase

Back 1463

V. /解释；批注；注释/restate a passage in one's own words while retaining thought of author. In 250 wordsaor less, para?phrase this article. also N.

Front 1464

parasite

Back 1464

N. /寄生；寄生体/animal or plant living on another; toady; syco?phant. The tapeworm is an example of the kind of parasite that may infest the human body.

Front 1465

parched

Back 1465

ADJ. /干旱的；干渴的/extremely dry; very thirsty. The parched desert landscape seemed hostile to life.

Front 1466

pariah

Back 1466

N. /贱民；被社会遗弃的人/social outcast. If everyone ostracized singer Mariah Carey, would she then be Mariah the pariah?

Front 1467

parity

Back 1467

N. /相等；势均力敌；奇偶/equality in status or amount; close resemblance. Unfortunately, some doubt exists whether women's salaries will ever achieve paritywith men's.

Front 1468

parochial

Back 1468

ADJ. /狭小的，地方的/narrow in outlook; provincial; related to parishes. Although Jane Austen sets her novels in small rural communities, her concerns are universal, not parochial,

Front 1469

parody

Back 1469

N. /拙劣的模仿/humorous imitation; spoof; takeoff; travesty. The show Forbidden Broadway presents parodies spoofing the year's new productions playing on Broadway.

Front 1470

paroxysm

Back 1470

N. /突然一阵的，突发的（痛苦，笑，愤怒）/fit or attack of pain, laughter, rage. When he heard of his son's misdeeds, he was seized by a paroxysm of rage.

Front 1471

parry

Back 1471

V. /躲避/ward off a blow; deflect. Unwilling to injure his opponent in such a pointless clash, Dartagnan simply tried to parry his rival's thrusts. What fun it was to watch Kather?ine Hepburn and Spencer Tracy parry each other's verbal thrusts in their classic screwball comedies!

Front 1472

parsimony

Back 1472

N. /过度俭省；吝啬/stinginess; excessive frugality. Furious because her father wouldn't let her buy out the clothing store, Annie accused him of parsimony.

Front 1473

partial

Back 1473

ADJ. /不完善的；偏爱的/incomplete; having a liking for something. In this issue we have published only a partial list of contribu?tors because we lack space to acknowledge everyone. I am extremely partial to chocolate eclairs.

Front 1474

partiality

Back 1474

N. /倾向；偏见/inclination; bias. As a judge, not only must I be unbiased, but I must also avoid any evidence of partiality when I award the prize.

Front 1475

partisan

Back 1475

ADJ. /一边倒的/one-sided; prejudiced; committed to a party. On certain issues of principle, she refused to take a partisan stand, but let her conscience be her guide. Rather than join?ing forces to solve our nation's problems, the Democrats and Republicans spend their time on partisan struggles. also N.

Front 1476

partition

Back 1476

V. /分裂开来/divide into parts. Before their second daughter was born, Jason and Lizzie decided each child needed a room of her own, and so they partitioned a large bedroom into two small but separate rooms. also N.

Front 1477

passive

Back 1477

ADJ. /被动的/not active; acted upon. Mahatma Gandhi urged his followers to pursue a program of passive resis?tance as he felt that it was more effective than violence and acts of terrorism.

Front 1478

passport

Back 1478

N. /护照/legal document identifying the bearer as a citi?zen of a country and allowing him or her to travel abroad. In arranging your first trip abroad, be sure to allow yourself enough time to apply for and receive your passport you won't be allowed to travel without one.

Front 1479

pastiche

Back 1479

N. /摹写；模仿/imitation of another's style in musical composi?tion or in writing. We cannot even say that her music is a: pastiche of this composer or that; it is, rather, reminiscent of many musicians.

Front 1480

pastoral

Back 1480

ADJ. /田园的；乡下的/rural. In these stories of pastoral life, we find an understanding of the daily tasks of country folk.

Front 1481

patent

Back 1481

ADJ. /显而易见的；公开查阅的/open for the public to read; obvious. It was patent to everyone that the witness spoke the truth. also N.

Front 1482

pathetic

Back 1482

ADJ. /可怜的，触动人心的/causing sadness, compassion, pity; touch?ing. Everyone in the auditorium was weeping by the time he finished his pathetic tale about the orphaned boy.

Front 1483

pathological

Back 1483

ADJ. /病理学/related to the study of disease; diseased or markedly abnormal. Jerome's pathological fear of germs led him to wash his hands a hundred times a day. pathol?ogy, N.

Front 1484

pathos

Back 1484

N. /痛苦，悲怆，哀婉/tender sorrow; pity; quality in art or literature that produces these feelings. The quiet tone of pathos that ran through the novel never degenerated into the maudlin or the overly sentimental.

Front 1485

patina

Back 1485

N. /铜绿；光泽；古色/green crust on old bronze works; tone slowly taken by varnished painting. Judging by the patina on this bronze statue, we can conclude that this is the work of a medieval artist.

Front 1486

patriarch

Back 1486

N. /长者，家长；酋长，族长/father and ruler of a family or tribe. In many primitive tribes, the leader and lawmaker was the patriarch.

Front 1487

patrician

Back 1487

ADJ. /贵族的/noble; aristocratic. We greatly admired her well-bred, patrician elegance. also N.

Front 1488

patronize

Back 1488

V. /资助；支持/support; act superior toward; be a customer of. Penniless artists hope to find some wealthy art-lover who will patronize them. If some condescending wine steward patronized me because he saw I knew nothing about fine wine, I'd refuse to patronize his restaurant.

Front 1489

paucity

Back 1489

N. /少量；缺乏/scarcity. They closed the restaurant because the paucity of customers made it uneconomical to operate.

Front 1490

pauper

Back 1490

N. /叫花子；非常可怜的人/very poor person. Though Widow Brown was living on a reduced income, she was by no means a pauper.

Front 1491

peccadillo

Back 1491

N. /轻罪，轻微冒犯/slight offense. When Peter Piper picked a peck of Polly Potter's pickles, did Pete commit a major crime or just a peccadillo?

Front 1492

pecuniary

Back 1492

ADJ. /钱的，货币的/pertaining to money. Seldom earning enough to cover their expenses, folk dance teachers work because they love dancing, not because they expect any pecuniary reward.

Front 1493

pedagogy

Back 1493

N. /教育学/teaching; art of education. Though Maria Montessori gained fame for her innovations in pedagogy, it took years before her teaching techniques were common practice in American schools.

Front 1494

pedant

Back 1494

N. /学究式人物/scholar who overemphasizes book learning or technicalities. Her insistence that the book be memorized marked the teacher as a pedant rather than a scholar.

Front 1495

pedantic

Back 1495

ADJ. /书生气的/showing off learning; bookish. Leavening his decisions with humorous, down-to-earth anecdotes, Judge Walker was not at all the pedantic legal scholar. pedant, pedantry, N.

Front 1496

pedestrian

Back 1496

ADJ. /没有想象力的，普通的/ordinary; unimaginative. Unintentionally boring, he wrote page after page of pedestrian prose.

Front 1497

pediatrician

Back 1497

N. /儿科专家/expert in children's diseases. The family doctor advised the parents to consult a pediatrician about their child's ailment.

Front 1498

peerless

Back 1498

ADJ. /不可比较的，不相衡的，无可匹敌的/having no equal; incomparable. The reign?ing operatic tenor of his generation, to his admirers Luciano Pavarotti was peerless: no one could compare with him.

Front 1499

pejorative

Back 1499

ADJ. /轻蔑；蔑视的/negative in connotation; having a belittling effect. Instead of criticizing Clinton's policies, the Republi?cans made pejorative remarks about his character.

Front 1500

pellucid

Back 1500

ADJ. /透明；清澈；明白的/transparent; limpid; easy to understand. After reading these stodgy philosophers, I find Bertrand Russell's pellucid style very enjoyable.

Front 1501

penchant

Back 1501

N. /倾向；趣味/strong inclination; liking. Dave has a penchant for taking risks: one semester he went steady with three girls, two of whom were stars on the school karate team.

Front 1502

pendant

Back 1502

N. /装饰品；首饰/ornament (hanging from a necklace, etc.) The?grateful team presented the coach with a silver chain and pendant engraved with the school's motto.

Front 1503

penitent

Back 1503

ADJ. /悔过的/repentant. When he realized the enormity of his crime, he became remorseful and penitent, also N.

Front 1504

pensive

Back 1504

ADJ. /沉思默想的；忧心忡忡的/dreamily thoughtful; thoughtful with a hint of sadness; contemplative. The pensive lover gazed at the portrait of his beloved and deeply sighed.

Front 1505

penury

Back 1505

N. /一贫如洗；穷困潦倒/severe poverty; stinginess. When his pension fund failed, George feared he would end his days in penury. He became such a penny pincher that he turned into a closefisted, penurious miser.

Front 1506

perceptive

Back 1506

ADJ. /有洞察力的，警觉的；智慧的/insightful; aware; wise. Although Maud was a generally perceptive critic, she had her blind spots: she could never see flaws in the work of her friends.

Front 1507

percussion

Back 1507

ADJ. /打击/striking one object against another sharply. The drum is a percussion instrument. also N.

Front 1508

perdition

Back 1508

N. /毁灭/damnation; complete ruin. Praying for salva?tion, young Steven Daedalus feared he was damned to eternal perdition.

Front 1509

peregrination

Back 1509

N. /旅程；旅行/journey. Auntie Mame was a world traveler whose peregrinations took her from Tiajuana to Timbuctoo.

Front 1510

peremptory

Back 1510

ADJ. /专制的；强硬的，专横的/demanding and leaving no choice. From Jack's peremptory knock on the door, Jill could tell he would not give up until she let him in.

Front 1511

perennial

Back 1511

N. /终年的；永久的/something that is continuing or recurrent. These plants are hardy perennials and will bloom for many years. alsoADJ.

Front 1512

perfidious

Back 1512

ADJ. /背信弃义的；不忠的/treacherous; disloyal. When Caesar real?ized that Brutus had betrayed him, he reproached his per?fidious friend. perfidy, N.

Front 1513

perforate

Back 1513

V. /打孔/pierce; put a hole through. Before you can open the aspirin bottle, you must first perforate the plastic safety seal that covers the cap.

Front 1514

perfunctory

Back 1514

ADJ. /肤浅的，不投入的；漠不关心的/superficial; not thorough; lacking interest, care, or enthusiasm. The auditor's perfunctory inspection of the books overlooked many errors. Giving the tabletop only a perfunctory swipe with her dust cloth, Betty promised her?self she'd clean it more thoroughly tomorrow.

Front 1515

perimeter

Back 1515

N. /周长/outer boundary. To find the perimeter of any quadrilateral, we add the lengths of the four sides.

Front 1516

peripheral

Back 1516

ADJ. /外围的/marginal; outer. We lived, not in central London, but in one of those peripheral suburbs that spring up on the outskirts of a great city.

Front 1517

periphery

Back 1517

N. /（圆形的）边缘/edge, especially of a round surface. He sensed that there was something just beyond the periphery of his vision.

Front 1518

perjury

Back 1518

N. /伪誓；伪证/false testimony while under oath. Rather than lie under oath and perhaps be indicted for perjury, the witness chose to take the Fifth Amendment, refusing to answer any questions on the grounds that he might incriminate himself.

Front 1519

permeable

Back 1519

ADJ. /可渗透的，可学习的/penetrable; porous; allowing liquids or gas to pass through. If your jogging clothes weren't made out of permeable fabric, you'd drown in your own perspira?tion (figuratively speaking).

Front 1520

permeate

Back 1520

V. /传播；流传/pass through; spread. The odor of frying onions permeated the air.

Front 1521

pernicious

Back 1521

ADJ. /及具毁灭性的/very destructive. Crack cocaine has had a pernicious effect on urban society: it has destroyed fami?lies, turned children into drug dealers, and increased the spread of violent crimes.

Front 1522

perpetrate

Back 1522

V. /犯/commit an offense. Only an insane person could perpetrate such a horrible crime.

Front 1523

perpetual

Back 1523

ADJ. /永久的/everlasting. Ponce de Leon hoped to find the legendary fountain of perpetual youth.

Front 1524

perpetuate

Back 1524

V. /保护免于灭绝/make something last; preserve from extinc?tion. Some critics attack The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn because they believe Twain's book perpetuates a false image of Blacks in this country.

Front 1525

perquisite

Back 1525

N. /津贴，补贴；奖金/any gain above stipulated salary. The perquisites attached to this job make it even more attractive than the salary indicates.

Front 1526

persona

Back 1526

N. /角色/public personality or facade. Offstage the comedian was a sullen, irritable grumbler, a far cry from his ever-cheerful adopted stage persona.

Front 1527

personable

Back 1527

ADJ. /有吸引力的/attractive. The man I am seeking to fill this position must be personable since he will be representing us before the public.

Front 1528

perspicacious

Back 1528

ADJ. /洞察一切的，渗透的；机敏的/having insight; penetrating; astute. The brilliant lawyer was known for his perspicacious deductions. perspicacity, N.

Front 1529

pert

Back 1529

ADJ. /爱管闲事的，无理的/impertinent; forward. I think your pert and impu?dent remarks call for an apology.

Front 1530

pertinacious

Back 1530

ADJ. /拒不屈服；反抗/stubborn; persistent. He is bound to succeed because his pertinacious nature will not permit him to quit.

Front 1531

pertinent

Back 1531

ADJ. /说到点子上的；中肯的；有关的/To the point; relevant. Virginia Woolf's words on women's rights are as pertinent today as they were when she wrote them nearly a century ago.

Front 1532

perturb

Back 1532

V. /感到不安/disturb greatly. The thought that electricity might be leaking out of the empty light bulb sockets perturbed my aunt so much that at night she crept about the house screw?ing fresh bulbs in the vacant spots. perturbation, N.

Front 1533

peruse

Back 1533

V. /细读/read with care. After the conflagration that burned down her house, Joan closely perused her home insurance policy to discover exactly what benefits her cov?erage provided her. perusal, N.

Front 1534

pervasive

Back 1534

ADJ. /深入人心的；普遍的/pervading; spread throughout every part. Despite airing them for several hours, Martha could not rid her clothes of the pervasive odor of mothballs that clung to them. pervade,V.

Front 1535

perverse

Back 1535

ADJ. /不正当的，邪恶的，做作的 ；硬脖子的/stubbornly wrongheaded; wicked and per?verted. When Jack was in a perverse mood, he would do the opposite of whatever Jill asked him. When Hannibal Lecter was in a perverse mood, he ate the flesh of his vic?tims. Jack acted out of perversity. Hannibal's act proved his perversion.

Front 1536

pessimism

Back 1536

N. /悲观主义者/belief that life is basically bad or evil; gloominess. Considering how well you have done in the course so far, you have no real reason for such pessimism about your final grade.

Front 1537

petrify

Back 1537

V. /石化/turn to stone. His sudden and unexpected appearance seemed to petrify her.

Front 1538

petty

Back 1538

ADJ. /微小的，不重要的/trivial; unimportant; very small. She had no major complaints to make about his work, only a few petty quibbles that were almost too minor to state.

Front 1539

petulant

Back 1539

ADJ. /脾气坏的/touchy; peevish. If you'd had hardly any sleep for three nights and people kept phoning and waking you up, you'd sound pretty petulant, too.

Front 1540

phenomena

Back 1540

N. /现象/observable facts; subjects of scientific investigation. We kept careful records of the phenomena we noted in the course of these experiments.

Front 1541

philanderer

Back 1541

N. /调情；轻佻的人/faithless lover; flirt. Swearing he had never so much as looked at another woman, Ralph assured Alice he was no philanderer.

Front 1542

philanthropist

Back 1542

N. /慈善家/lover of mankind; doer of good. In his role as philanthropist and public benefactor, John D. Rocke?feller, Sr., donated millions to charity; as an individual, how?ever, he was a tight-fisted old man.

Front 1543

philistine

Back 1543

N. /俗气的人，无教养的人；心胸狭窄的人/narrow-minded person, uncultured and exclu?sively interested in material gain. We need more men of cul?ture and enlightenment; we have too many philistines among us.

Front 1544

philology

Back 1544

N. /语言学/study of language. The professor of philology advocated the use of Esperanto as an international lan?guage.

Front 1545

phlegmatic

Back 1545

ADJ. /冷静的；平静的；不易被激起的/calm; not easily disturbed. The nurse was a cheerful but phlegmatic person, unexcited in the face of sudden emergencies.

Front 1546

phobia

Back 1546

N. /恐怖/morbid fear. Her fear of flying was more than mere nervousness; it was a real phobia.

Front 1547

phoenix

Back 1547

N. /凤凰（象征不死和重生、涅磐）/symbol of immortality or rebirth. Like the leg?endary phoenix rising from its ashes, the city of San Fran?cisco rose again after its destruction during the 1906 earth?quake.

Front 1548

phylum

Back 1548

N. /门；语群/major class of plants; primary branch of animal kingdom; division. In sorting out her hundreds of packets of seeds, Katya decided to file them by phylum.

Front 1549

physiological

Back 1549

ADJ. /生理学的/pertaining to the science of the function of living organisms. To understand this disease fully, we must examine not only its physiological aspects but also its psychological elements.

Front 1550

picaresque

Back 1550

ADJ. /以歹徒为题材的文学作品的/pertaining to rogues in literature. Tom Jones has been hailed as one of the best picaresque nov?els in the English language.

Front 1551

piebald

Back 1551

ADJ. /花斑的；斑驳的/mottled; spotted. You should be able to iden?tify Polka Dot in this race; it is the only piebald horse run?ning.

Front 1552

piecemeal

Back 1552

ADV. /一次一个的，逐个的；渐渐的；碎的/one piece at a time; gradually. Tolstoy's War and Peace is too huge to finish in one sitting; I'll have to read it piecemeal.

Front 1553

pied

Back 1553

ADJ. /杂色的；斑驳的/variegated; multicolored. The Pied Piper of Hamelin got his name from the multicolored clothing he wore.

Front 1554

piety

Back 1554

N. /虔诚；孝行/religious devotion; godliness. The nuns in the con?vent were noted for their piety; they spent their days in wor?ship and prayer. Pious,ADJ.

Front 1555

pigment

Back 1555

N. /色素/coloring matter. Van Gogh mixed various pig?ments with linseed oil to create his paints.

Front 1556

pillage

Back 1556

V. /掠夺/plunder. The enemy pillaged the quiet village and left it in ruins.

Front 1557

pine

Back 1557

V. /消瘦，憔悴；渴望；松树/languish, decline; long for, yearn. Though she tried to be happy living with Clara in the city, Heidi pined for the mountains and for her gruff but loving grandfather.

Front 1558

pinnacle

Back 1558

N. /顶尖；顶点/peak. We could see the morning sunlight illu?minate the pinnacle while the rest of the mountain lay in shadow.

Front 1559

pious

Back 1559

ADJ. /尽职的；虔诚的/devout; religious. The challenge for church people today is how to be pious in the best sense, that is, to be devout without becoming hypocritical or sanctimonious. piety, N.

Front 1560

piquant

Back 1560

ADJ. /开胃的；辛辣的；刺激的；淘气顽皮的/pleasantly tart-tasting; stimulating. The piquant sauce added to our enjoyment of the meal. piquancy, N.

Front 1561

pique

Back 1561

N. /愤怒；不满/irritation; resentment. She showed her pique at her loss by refusing to appear with the other contestants at the end of the competition. alsoV.

Front 1562

pique

Back 1562

V. /激起，煽动；激怒/provoke or arouse; annoy. "I know something you don't know," said Lucy, trying to pique Ethel's interest.

Front 1563

pitfall

Back 1563

N. /缺陷/hidden danger; concealed trap. Her parents warned young Sophie against the many pitfalls that lay in wait for her in the dangerous big city.

Front 1564

pithy

Back 1564

ADJ. /精炼的；抓住灵魂的/concise; meaningful; substantial; meaty. While other girls might have gone on and on about how uncool Elton was, Liz summed it up in one pithy remark: "He's bogus!"

Front 1565

pittance

Back 1565

N. /微薄的薪水/a small allowance or wage. He could not live on the pittance he received as a pension and had to look for an additional source of revenue.

Front 1566

pivotal

Back 1566

ADJ. /关键的/crucial; key; vital. The new "smart weapons" technology played a pivotal role in the quick resolution of the war with Iraq.

Front 1567

placate

Back 1567

V. /安抚/pacify; conciliate. The store manager tried to placate the angry customer, offering to replace the dam?aged merchandise or to give back her money right away.

Front 1568

placebo

Back 1568

N. /安慰剂/harmless substance prescribed as a dummy pill. In a controlled experiment, fifty volunteers were given aspirin tablets; the control group received only placebos.

Front 1569

placid

Back 1569

ADJ. /平静的/peaceful; calm. After his vacation in this placid section, he felt soothed and rested.

Front 1570

plagiarism

Back 1570

N. /剽窃/theft of another's ideas or writings passed off as original. The editor recognized the plagiarism and rebuked the culprit who had presented the manuscript as original.

Front 1571

plagiarize

Back 1571

V. /剽窃/steal another's ideas and pass them off as one's own. The teacher could tell that the student had pla?giarized parts of his essay; she could recognize whole paragraphs straight from Barron's Book Notes.

Front 1572

plaintive

Back 1572

ADJ. /哀伤的/mournful. The dove has a plaintive and melancholy call.

Front 1573

plasticity

Back 1573

N. /塑性/ability to be molded. When clay dries out, it loses its plasticity and becomes less malleable.

Front 1574

platitude

Back 1574

N. /陈词滥调/trite remark; commonplace statement. In giving advice to his son, old Polonius expressed himself only in platitudes; every word out of his mouth was a commonplace.

Front 1575

plaudit

Back 1575

N. /喝彩/enthusiastically worded approval; round of applause. The theatrical company reprinted the plaudits of the critics in its advertisements. plauditory,ADJ.

Front 1576

plausible

Back 1576

ADJ. /似是而非的/having a show of truth but open to doubt; specious. Your mother made you stay home from school because she needed you to program the VCR? I'm sorry, you'll have to come up with a more plausible excuse than that.

Front 1577

plenitude

Back 1577

N. /充分，富足/abundance; completeness. Looking in the pantry, we admired the plenitude of fruits and pickles we had preserved during the summer.

Front 1578

plethora

Back 1578

N. /过剩；过多/excess; overabundance. She offered a plethora of excuses for her shortcomings.

Front 1579

pliable

Back 1579

ADJ. /圆滑的；柔韧的；易弯曲的/flexible; yielding; adaptable. In remodeling the bathroom, we have replaced all the old, rigid lead pipes with new, pliable copper tubing.

Front 1580

pliant

Back 1580

ADJ. /顺从的/flexible; easily influenced. Pinocchio's disposi?tion was pliant, he was like putty in his tempters' hands.

Front 1581

plight

Back 1581

N. /情况，状况；困境/condition, state (especially a bad state or condi?tion); predicament. Many people feel that the federal gov?ernment should do more to alleviate the plight of the homeless. Loggers, unmoved by the plight of the spotted owl, plan to continue logging whether or not they ruin the owl's habitat.

Front 1582

plumb

Back 1582

ADJ. /垂直；铅锤；用铅锤量/checking perpendicularity; vertical. Before hanging wallpaper it is advisable to drop a plumb line from the ceiling as a guide. also

Front 1583

plumage

Back 1583

N. /鸟类的羽毛/feathers of a bird. Bird watchers identify differ?ent species of bird by their characteristic songs and dis?tinctive plumage.

Front 1584

plummet

Back 1584

V. /垂直落下/fall sharply. Stock prices plummeted as Wall Street reacted to the crisis in the economy.

Front 1585

plutocracy

Back 1585

N. /富豪统治/society ruled by the wealthy. From the way the government caters to the rich, you might think our soci?ety is a plutocracy rather than a democracy.

Front 1586

podiatrist

Back 1586

N. /足病医生/doctor who treats ailments of the feet. He consulted a podiatrist about his fallen arches.

Front 1587

podium

Back 1587

N. /指挥台；检阅台/pedestal; raised platform. The audience applauded as the conductor made his way to the podium.

Front 1588

poignancy

Back 1588

N. /强烈的；感人的；尖锐的/quality of being deeply moving; keenness of emotion. Watching the tearful reunion of the long-separated mother and child, the social worker was touched by the poignancy of the scene. poignant,ADJ.

Front 1589

polarize

Back 1589

V. /极化；分化；两极分化/split into opposite extremes or camps. The abortion issue has polarized the country into pro-choice and anti-abortion camps. polarization, N.

Front 1590

polemical

Back 1590

ADJ. /辩论的，好辩的/aggressive in verbal attack; disputatious. Lexy was a master of polemical rhetoric; she should have worn a T-shirt with the slogan "Born to Debate."

Front 1591

politic

Back 1591

ADJ. /精明的；明智的；诡计多端的；谨慎的/expedient; prudent; well advised. Even though he was disappointed by the size of the bonus he was offered, he did not think it politic to refuse it.

Front 1592

polygamist

Back 1592

N. /多配偶/one who has more than one spouse at a time. He was arrested as a polygamist when his two wives filed complaints about him.

Front 1593

polyglot

Back 1593

ADJ. /多语言/speaking several languages. New York City is a polyglot community because of the thousands of immi?grants who settle there.

Front 1594

pomposity

Back 1594

N. /夸大，华丽；浮夸；自大/self-important behavior; acting like a stuffed shirt. Although the commencement speaker had some good things to say, we had to laugh at his pomposity and general air of parading his own dignity. POMPOUS,ADJ.

Front 1595

ponderous

Back 1595

ADJ. /沉重的；笨重的；呆板的；冗长的/weighty; unwieldy. His humor lacked the light touch; his jokes were always ponderous.

Front 1596

pontifical

Back 1596

ADJ. /教皇的；主教的/pertaining to a bishop or pope; pompous or pretentious. From his earliest days at the seminary, John seemed destined for a high pontifical office. However, he sounded so pompous when he pontificated that he never was chosen pontiff after all.

Front 1597

pore

Back 1597

V. /沉思；考察；深思熟虑；小孔，细口/study industriously; ponder; scrutinize. Deter?mined to become a physician, Beth spent hours poring over her anatomy text.

Front 1598

porous

Back 1598

ADJ. /筛子似的/full of pores; like a sieve. Dancers like to wear porous clothing because it allows the ready passage of water and air.

Front 1599

portend

Back 1599

V. /预示/foretell; presage. The king did not know what these omens might portend and asked his soothsayers to interpret them.

Front 1600

portent

Back 1600

N. /征兆/sign; omen; forewarning. He regarded the black cloud as a portent of evil.

Front 1601

portly

Back 1601

ADJ. /健壮的；肥胖的；魁梧的/stately; stout. The overweight gentleman was referred to as portly by the polite salesclerk.

Front 1602

poseur

Back 1602

N. /装模作样的人；邯郸学步/person who pretends to be sophisticated, ele?gant, etc., to impress others. Some thought Salvador Dali was a brilliant painter; others dismissed him as a poseur.

Front 1603

posterity

Back 1603

N. /子孙；后裔/descendants; future generations. We hope to leave a better world to posterity.

Front 1604

posthumous

Back 1604

ADJ. /身后的；遗腹的（书出版于作者死后，孩子生于父亲死后）/after death (as of child born after father's death or book published after author's death). The critics ignored his works during his lifetime; it was only after the posthumous publication of his last novel that they recog?nized his great talent.

Front 1605

postulate

Back 1605

N. /前提；基于的假定/essential premise; underlying assumption. The basic postulate of democracy, set forth in the Declara?tion of Independence, is that all men are created equal.

Front 1606

potable

Back 1606

ADJ. /可饮用的/suitable for drinking. The recent drought in the Middle Atlantic states has emphasized the need for exten?sive research in ways of making sea water potable. also N.

Front 1607

potent

Back 1607

ADJ. /有效的/powerful; persuasive; greatly influential. Look?ing at the expiration date on the cough syrup bottle, we wondered whether the medication would still be potent. potency, N.

Front 1608

potentate

Back 1608

N. /当权者/monarch; sovereign. The potentate spent more time at Monte Carlo than he did at home on his throne.

Front 1609

potential

Back 1609

ADJ. /潜在的/expressing possibility; latent. This juvenile delinquent is a potential murderer. also N.

Front 1610

potion

Back 1610

N. /剂量/dose (of liquid). Tristan and Isolde drink a love potion in the first act of the opera.

Front 1611

practicable

Back 1611

ADJ. /可行的/feasible. The board of directors decided that the plan was practicable and agreed to undertake the project.

Front 1612

practical

Back 1612

ADJ. /有用的；经验的；实践证明的/based on experience; useful. He was a practical man, opposed to theory.

Front 1613

practitioner

Back 1613

N. /从业者/someone engaged in a profession (law, medicine). In need of a hip replacement, Carl sought a practitioner with considerable experience performing this particular surgery.

Front 1614

pragmatic

Back 1614

ADJ. /实际的；注重实效的/practical (as opposed to idealistic); con?cerned with the practical worth or impact of something. This coming trip to France should provide me with a pragmatic test of the value of my conversational French class.

Front 1615

pragmatist

Back 1615

N. /爱管闲事的人；实用主义者/practical person. No pragmatist enjoys becoming involved in a game he can never win.

Front 1616

prank

Back 1616

N. /胡闹；打扮/mischievous trick. Is tipping over garbage cans on Halloween merely a childish prank, or is it vandalism?

Front 1617

prate

Back 1617

V. /空谈/speak foolishly; boast idly. Let us not prate about our good qualities; rather, let our virtues speak for them?selves.

Front 1618

prattle

Back 1618

V. /闲聊；胡说；废话；唠叨/babble. Baby John prattled on and on about the cats and his ball and the Cookie Monster.

Front 1619

preamble

Back 1619

N. /导言；介绍词/introductory statement. In the Preamble to the Constitution, the purpose of the document is set forth.

Front 1620

precarious

Back 1620

ADJ. /不确定的；冒风险/uncertain; risky. Saying the stock would be a precarious investment, the broker advised her client against purchasing it.

Front 1621

precedent

Back 1621

N. /先例/something preceding in time that may be used as an authority or guide for future action. If I buy you a car for your sixteenth birthday, your brothers will want me to buy them cars when they turn sixteen, too; I can't afford to set such an expensive precedent. The law professor asked Jill to state which famous case served as a precedent for the court's decision in Brown ll.

Front 1622

precept

Back 1622

N. /规则/practical rule guiding conduct. "Love thy neigh?bor as thyself" is a worthwhile precept.

Front 1623

precinct

Back 1623

N. /行政区/district or division of a city. Ed McBain's detec?tive novels set in the 87th precinct provide an exciting picture of police work.

Front 1624

precipice

Back 1624

N. /悬崖；危险的位置/cliff; dangerous position. Suddenly Indiana Jones found himself dangling from the edge of a precipice.

Front 1625

precipitate

Back 1625

ADJ. /匆忙的；突然的；未成熟的；草率的/rash; premature; hasty; sudden. Though I was angry enough to resign on the spot, I had enough sense to keep myself from quitting a job in such a precipi?tate fashion.

Front 1626

precipitate

Back 1626

V. /下降；下坠/throw headlong; hasten. The removal of American political support appears to have precipitated the downfall of the Marcos regime.

Front 1627

precipitous

Back 1627

ADJ. /陡峭的；急躁的/steep; overhasty. This hill is difficult to climb because it is so precipitous; one slip, and our descent will be precipitous as well.

Front 1628

précis

Back 1628

N. /大纲；摘要/concise summing up of main points. Before mak?ing her presentation at the conference, Ellen wrote up a neat précis of the major elements she would cover.

Front 1629

precise

Back 1629

ADJ. /精确的/exact. If you don't give me precise directions and a map, I'll never find your place.

Front 1630

preclude

Back 1630

V. /消灭；杜绝/make impossible; eliminate. The fact that the band was already booked to play in Hollywood on New Year's Eve precluded their accepting the New Year's Eve gig in London they were offered.

Front 1631

precocious

Back 1631

ADJ. /早熟的/advanced in development. Listening to the grown-up way the child discussed serious topics, we couldn't help remarking how precocious she was. precocity, N.

Front 1632

precursor

Back 1632

N. /领跑者，先驱/forerunner. Though Gray and Burns share many traits with the Romantic poets who followed them, most critics consider them precursors of the Romantic Movement, not true Romantics.

Front 1633

predator

Back 1633

N. /捕食者/creature that seizes and devours another ani?mal; person who robs or exploits others. Not just cats, but a wide variety of predators-owls, hawks, weasels, foxes?catch mice for dinner. A carnivore is by definition predatory, for he preys on weaker creatures.

Front 1634

predecessor

Back 1634

N. /前任；前辈/former occupant of a post. I hope I can live up to the fine example set by my late predecessor in this office.

Front 1635

predetermine

Back 1635

V. /预定；预先确定/predestine; settle or decide beforehand; influence markedly. Romeo and Juliet believed that Fate had predetermined their meeting. Bea gathered estimates from caterers, florists, and stationers so that she could pre?determine the costs of holding a catered buffet. Philip's love of athletics predetermined his choice of a career in sports marketing.

Front 1636

predicament

Back 1636

N. /困境；危险的境地；两难/tricky or dangerous situation; dilemma. Tied to the railroad tracks by the villain, Pauline strained against her bonds. How would she escape from this terrible predicament?

Front 1637

predilection

Back 1637

N. /偏爱；偏好/partiality; preference. Although I have writ?ten all sorts of poetry over the years, I have a definite predilection for occasional verse.

Front 1638

predispose

Back 1638

V. /预先安排，使其偏向于/give an inclination toward; make suscepti?ble to. Oleg's love of dressing up his big sister's Barbie doll may have predisposed him to become a fashion designer. Genetic influences apparently predispose people to certain forms of cancer.

Front 1639

preeminent

Back 1639

ADJ. /出色的；出类拔萃的/outstanding; superior. The king traveled to Boston because he wanted the preeminent surgeon in the field to perform the operation.

Front 1640

preempt

Back 1640

V. /排挤，代替；阻止；抢占；先发制人/head off; forestall by acting first; appropriate for oneself; supplant. Hoping to preempt any attempts by the opposition to make educational reform a hot political issue, the candidate set out her own plan to revitalize the public schools. preemptive,ADJ.

Front 1641

preen

Back 1641

V. /把自己打扮漂亮；自我满足；鸟类用嘴梳理羽毛/make oneself tidy in appearance; feel self-satis?faction. As Kitty preened before the mirror, carefully smoothing her shining hair, she couldn't help preening over how pretty she looked.

Front 1642

prehensile

Back 1642

ADJ. /可以得到的；可以抓住的/capable of grasping or holding. Monkeys use not only their arms and legs but also their prehensile tails in traveling through the trees.

Front 1643

prelate

Back 1643

N. /高级教士/church dignitary. The archbishop of Moscow and other high-ranking prelates visited the Russian Ortho?dox seminary.

Front 1644

prelude

Back 1644

N. /序；先驱；先导/introduction; forerunner. I am afraid that this border raid is the prelude to more serious attacks.

Front 1645

premeditate

Back 1645

V. /预谋，预先考虑/plan in advance. She had premeditated the murder for months, reading about common poisons and buying weed killer that contained arsenic.

Front 1646

premise

Back 1646

N. /假定，假设；前提/assumption; postulate. Based on the premise that there's no fool like an old fool, P. T. Barnum hired a ninety-year-old clown for his circus.

Front 1647

premonition

Back 1647

N. /前兆/forewarning. We ignored these premoni?tions of disaster because they appeared to be based on childish fears.

Front 1648

preposterous

Back 1648

ADJ. /荒唐的/absurd; ridiculous. When he tried to downplay his youthful experiments with marijuana by saying he hadn't inhaled, we all thought, "What a preposterous excuse!"

Front 1649

prerogative

Back 1649

N. /特权/privilege; unquestionable right. The presi?dent cannot levy taxes; that is the prerogative of the legisla?tive branch of government.

Front 1650

presage

Back 1650

V. /预示/foretell. The vultures flying overhead presaged the discovery of the corpse in the desert.

Front 1651

prescience

Back 1651

N. /预示能力/ability to foretell the future. Given the current wave of Japan-bashing, it does not take prescience for me to foresee problems in our future trade relations with Japan.

Front 1652

presentiment

Back 1652

N. /预感/feeling something will happen; anticipa?tory fear; premonition. Saying goodbye at the airport, Jack had a sudden presentiment that this was the last time he would see Jill.

Front 1653

prestige

Back 1653

N. /声望；威信/impression produced by achievements or repu?tation. Many students want to go to Harvard College not for the education offered but for the prestige of Harvard's name.

Front 1654

presumptuous

Back 1654

ADJ. /自大；轻狂；专横/overconfident; impertinently bold; tak?ing liberties. Matilda thought it was somewhat presumptu?ous of the young man to have addressed her without first having been introduced. Perhaps manners were freer here in the New World.

Front 1655

pretentious

Back 1655

ADJ. /自命不凡；华而不实；自大/ostentatious; pompous; making unjusti?fied claims; overly ambitious. None of the other prize win?ners are wearing their medals; isn't it a bit pretentious of you to wear yours?

Front 1656

preternatural

Back 1656

ADJ. /超自然的/beyond what is normal in nature. Mal?colm's mother's total ability to tell when he was lying struck him as almost preternatural.

Front 1657

pretext

Back 1657

N. /借口；托辞/excuse. He looked for a good pretext to get out of paying a visit to his aunt.

Front 1658

prevail

Back 1658

V. /导致，促使；击败；盛行/induce; triumph over. He tried to prevail on her to type his essay for him.

Front 1659

prevalent

Back 1659

ADJ. /普遍的；流行的/widespread; generally accepted. A radical committed to social change, Reed had no patience with the conservative views prevalent in the America of his day.

Front 1660

prevaricate

Back 1660

V. /撒谎；支吾，搪塞；糊弄/lie. Some people believe that to prevaricate in a good cause is justifiable and regard such a statement as a "white lie."

Front 1661

prey

Back 1661

N. /猎物；受害人，牺牲品/target of a hunt; victim. In Stalking the Wild Asparagus, Euell Gibbons has as his prey not wild beasts but wild plants. alsoV.

Front 1662

prim

Back 1662

ADJ. /整洁的；精准的，精确的/very precise and formal; exceedingly proper. Many people commented on the contrast between the prim attire of the young lady and the inappropriate clothing worn by her escort.

Front 1663

primordial

Back 1663

ADJ. /原始的；与时间同在的/existing at the beginning (of time); rudi?mentary. The Neanderthal Man is one of our primordial ancestors.

Front 1664

primp

Back 1664

V. /打扮/groom oneself with care; adorn oneself. The groom stood by idly while his nervous bride-to-be primped one last time before the mirror.

Front 1665

pristine

Back 1665

ADJ. /史前的；质朴的/characteristic of earlier times; primitive; unspoiled. This area has been preserved in all its pristine wildness.

Front 1666

privation

Back 1666

N. /困难，困苦；短缺，缺少/hardship; want. In his youth, he knew hunger and privation.

Front 1667

probe

Back 1667

V. /探测/explore with tools. The surgeon probed the wound for foreign matter before suturing it. also N.

Front 1668

problematic

Back 1668

ADJ. /忧郁的；忧心忡忡的；心存疑虑的；有疑问的/doubtful; unsettled; questionable; per-plexing. Given the way building costs have exceeded esti?mates for the job, whether the arena will ever be completed is problematic.

Front 1669

proclivity

Back 1669

N. /倾向；自然倾向/inclination; natural tendency. Watching the two-year-old voluntarily put away his toys, I was amazed by his proclivityfor neatness.

Front 1670

procrastinate

Back 1670

V. /推迟；延期/postpone; delay or put off. Looking at four years of receipts and checks he still had to sort through, Bob was truly sorry he had procrastinated for so long and not finished filing his taxes long ago.

Front 1671

prod

Back 1671

V. /刺；刺激；激励/poke; stir up; urge. If you prod him hard enough, he'll eventually clean his room.

Front 1672

prodigal

Back 1672

ADJ. /浪费的/wasteful; reckless with money. Don't be so prodigal spending my money; when you've earned some money yourself, you can waste it as much as you want! also N.

Front 1673

prodigious

Back 1673

ADJ. /巨大的/marvelous; enormous. Watching the champion weight lifter heave the weighty barbell to shoul?der height and then boost it overhead, we marveled at his prodigious strength.

Front 1674

prodigy

Back 1674

N. /奇才；天才/marvel; highly gifted child. Menuhin was a prodigy, performing wonders on his violin when he was barely eight years old.

Front 1675

profane

Back 1675

V. /亵渎/violate; desecrate; treat unworthily. The mem?bers of the mysterious Far Eastern cult sought to kill the British explorer because he had profaned the sanctity of their holy goblet by using it as an ashtray. alsoADJ.

Front 1676

profligate

Back 1676

ADJ. /放荡的；放肆的；不检点的/dissipated; wasteful; wildly immoral. Although surrounded by wild and profligate companions, she nevertheless managed to retain some sense of decency.

Front 1677

profound

Back 1677

ADJ. /深刻的/deep; not superficial; complete. Freud's remarkable insights into human behavior caused his fellow scientists to honor him as a profound thinker. profundity, N.

Front 1678

profusion

Back 1678

N. /过量；过剩/overabundance; lavish expenditure; excess. Freddy was so overwhelmed by the profusion of choices on the menu that he knocked over his wine glass and soaked his host. He made profuse apologies to his host, the waiter, the bus boy, the people at the next table, and the attendant handing out paper towels.

Front 1679

progenitor

Back 1679

N. /祖先/ancestor. The Roth family, whose progeni?tors emigrated from Germany early in the nineteenth cen?tury, settled in Peru, Illinois.

Front 1680

progeny

Back 1680

N. /后裔/children; offspring. He was proud of his prog?eny in general, but regarded George as the most promising of all his children.

Front 1681

prognosis

Back 1681

N. /预言；疾病警告/forecasted course of a disease; prediction. If the doctor's prognosis is correct, the patient will be in a coma for at least twenty-four hours.

Front 1682

projectile

Back 1682

N. /发射；导弹/missile. Man has always hurled projectiles at his enemy whether in the form of stones or of highly explo?sive shells.

Front 1683

proletarian

Back 1683

N. /无产阶级的；蓝领的/member of the working class; blue collar person. "Workers of the world, unite! You have nothing to lose but your chains" is addressed to proletarians, not preppies. So is Blue Collar Holler. proletariat, N.

Front 1684

proliferation

Back 1684

N. /迅速增长，倍增；扩散/rapid growth; spread; multiplication. Times of economic hardship inevitably encourage the proliferation of countless get-rich-quick schemes. proliferate,V.

Front 1685

prolific

Back 1685

ADJ. /多产的；丰富的/abundantly fruitful. My editors must assume I'm a prolific writer: they expect me to revise six books this year!

Front 1686

prolixity

Back 1686

N. /冗长的；啰嗦的/tedious wordiness; verbosity. A writer who suf?fers from prolixity tells his readers everything they never wanted to know about his subject (or were too bored to ask). prolix,ADJ.

Front 1687

prologue

Back 1687

N. /序（诗歌，歌剧的）/introduction (to a poem or play). In the pro?logue to Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare introduces the audience to the feud between the Montagues and the Capulets.

Front 1688

prolong

Back 1688

V. /拖延/make longer; draw out; lengthen. In their deter?mination to discover ways to prolong human life, doctors fail to take into account that longer lives are not always happier ones.

Front 1689

prominent

Back 1689

ADJ. /显著的；突出的；卓越的/conspicuous; notable; sticking out. Have you ever noticed that Prince Charles's prominent ears make him look like the big-eared character in Mad comics?

Front 1690

promiscuous

Back 1690

ADJ. /随意混合的；打乱的；随便的/mixed indiscriminately; haphazard; irregular, particularly sexually. In the opera La Boheme, we get a picture of the promiscuous life led by the young artists of Paris.

Front 1691

promontory

Back 1691

N. /岬；海角/headland. They erected a lighthouse on the promontory to warn approaching ships of their nearness to the shore.

Front 1692

promote

Back 1692

V. /提升；促进/help to flourish; advance in rank; publicize. Founder of the Children's Defense Fund, Marian Wright Edelman ceaselessly promotes the welfare of young people everywhere.

Front 1693

prompt

Back 1693

V. /提示；鼓动；迅速及时的/cause; provoke; provide a cue for an actor. Whatever prompted you to ask for such a big piece of cake when you're on a diet?

Front 1694

promulgate

Back 1694

V. /发布；公布/proclaim a doctrine or law; make known by official publication. When Moses came down from the mountain top all set to promulgate God's commandments, he freaked out on discovering his followers worshipping a golden calf.

Front 1695

prone

Back 1695

ADJ. /倾向于/inclined to; prostrate. She was prone to sudden fits of anger during which she would lie prone on the floor, screaming and kicking her heels.

Front 1696

propagate

Back 1696

V. /迅速增长，传播，扩散/multiply; spread. Since bacteria propagate more quickly in unsanitary environments, it is important to keep hospital rooms clean.

Front 1697

propellants

Back 1697

N. /推进剂/substances that propel or drive forward. The development of our missile program has forced our sci?entists to seek more powerful propellants.

Front 1698

propensity

Back 1698

N. /自然倾向/natural inclination. Convinced of his own tal?ent, Sol has an unfortunate propensity to belittle the talents of others.

Front 1699

prophetic

Back 1699

ADJ. /预言的/foretelling the future. I have no magical prophetic powers; when I predict what will happen, I base my predictions on common sense. prophesy,V.

Front 1700

propinquity

Back 1700

N. /亲近；血缘/nearness; kinship. Their relationship could not be explained as being based on mere propinquity; they were more than relatives, they were true friends.

Front 1701

propitiate

Back 1701

V. /劝解；平静；安抚/appease. The natives offered sacrifices to propitiate the gods.

Front 1702

propitious

Back 1702

ADJ. /吉利的；有利的/favorable; fortunate; advantageous. Chloe consulted her horoscope to see whether Tuesday would be a propitious day to dump her boyfriend.

Front 1703

proponent

Back 1703

N. /支持者；建议者/supporter; backer; opposite of opponent. In the Senate, proponents of the universal health care mea?sure lobbied to gain additional support for the controversial legislation.

Front 1704

propound

Back 1704

V. /提出/put forth for analysis. In your discussion, you have propounded several questions; let us consider each one separately.

Front 1705

propriety

Back 1705

N. /适当/fitness; correct conduct. Miss Manners coun?sels her readers so that they may behave with due propriety in any social situation and not embarrass themselves.

Front 1706

propulsive

Back 1706

ADJ. /推进的；有推进力的/driving forward. The jet plane has a greater propulsive power than the engine-driven plane.

Front 1707

prosaic

Back 1707

ADJ. /事实的；平淡的；缺乏想象力的/dull and unimaginative; matter-of-fact; factual. Though the ad writers came up with an original way to pub?licize the product, the head office rejected it for a more pro?saic, ordinary slogan.

Front 1708

proscribe

Back 1708

V. /禁止/ostracize; banish; outlaw. Antony, Octavius, and Lepidus proscribed all those who had conspired against Julius Caesar.

Front 1709

proselytize

Back 1709

V. /劝其改宗；改宗/convert to a religion or belief. In these inter?faith meetings, there must be no attempt to proselytize; we must respect all points of view.

Front 1710

prosperity

Back 1710

N. /繁荣；好运/good fortune; financial success; physical well-being. Promising to stay together "for richer, for poorer," the newlyweds vowed to be true to one another in prosperity and hardship alike.

Front 1711

prostrate

Back 1711

V. /弄倒；降伏/stretch out full on ground. He prostrated him?self before the idol. alsoADJ.

Front 1712

protean

Back 1712

ADJ. /变化多端的/versatile; able to take on many shapes. A remarkably protean actor, Alec Guinness could take on any role.

Front 1713

protégé

Back 1713

N. /被保护人/person receiving protection and support from a patron. Born with an independent spirit, Cyrano de Berg?erac refused to be a protégé of Cardinal Richelieu.

Front 1714

protocol

Back 1714

N. /协议/diplomatic etiquette. We must run this state dinner according to protocol if we are to avoid offending any of our guests.

Front 1715

prototype

Back 1715

N. /原型/original work used as a model by others. The crude typewriter on display in this museum is the prototype of the elaborate machines in use today.

Front 1716

protract

Back 1716

V. /延长/prolong. Seeking to delay the union members' vote, the management team tried to protract the negotia?tions endlessly.

Front 1717

protrude

Back 1717

V. /突出/stick out. His fingers protruded from the holes in his gloves. protrusion, N.

Front 1718

protuberance

Back 1718

N. /隆起；突出；瘤/protrusion; bulge. A ganglionic cyst is a fluid-filled tumor that develops near a joint membrane or tendon sheath, and that bulges beneath the skin, forming a protuberance.

Front 1719

provident

Back 1719

ADJ. /有远见的/displaying foresight; thrifty; preparing for emergencies. In his usual provident manner, he had insured himself against this type of loss.

Front 1720

provincial

Back 1720

ADJ. /省级的；视野不宽的；简单的/pertaining to a province; limited in outlook; unsophisticated. As provincial governor, Sir Henry adminis?tered the Queen's law in his remote corner of Canada. Caught up in local problems, out of touch with London news, he became sadly provincial.

Front 1721

provisional

Back 1721

ADJ. /临时的/tentative. Kim's acceptance as an Ameri?can Express card holder was provisional: before issuing her a card, American Express wanted to check her employment record and credit history.

Front 1722

provocative

Back 1722

ADJ. /煽动的；刺激的；激怒的/arousing anger or interest; annoying. In a typically provocative act, the bully kicked sand into the weaker man's face.

Front 1723

provoke

Back 1723

V. /激怒；惹；煽动；挑起/stir to anger; cause retaliation. In order to pre?vent a sudden outbreak of hostilities, we must not provoke our foe. provocation, N; provocative,ADJ.

Front 1724

prowess

Back 1724

N. /非常勇猛/extraordinary ability; military bravery. Perform?ing triple axels and double lutzes at the age of six, the young figure skater was world famous for her prowess on the ice.

Front 1725

proximity

Back 1725

N. /接近；亲近/nearness. Blind people sometimes develop a compensatory ability to sense the proximity of objects around them.

Front 1726

proxy

Back 1726

N. /代理/authorized agent. Please act as my proxy and vote for this slate of candidates in my absence.

Front 1727

prude

Back 1727

N. /规矩的人；正经人；故作正经的人/excessively modest person. The X-rated film was definitely not for prudes, prudish,ADJ.

Front 1728

prudent

Back 1728

ADJ. /谨慎的/cautious; careful. A miser hoards money not because he is prudent but because he is greedy. prudence, N.

Front 1729

prune

Back 1729

V. /切掉；修剪/cut away; trim. With the help of her editor, she was able to prune her overlong manuscript into publishable form.

Front 1730

prurient

Back 1730

ADJ. /好色的；渴望的/having or causing lustful thoughts and desires. Aroused by his prurient impulses, the dirty old man leered at the sweet young thing and offered to give her a sample of his "prowess."

Front 1731

pseudonym

Back 1731

N. /假名；笔名/pen name. Samuel Clemens' pseudonym was Mark Twain.

Front 1732

psyche

Back 1732

N. /灵魂/soul; mind. It is difficult to delve into the psyche of a human being.

Front 1733

pterodactyl

Back 1733

N. /翼龙/extinct flying reptile. The remains of ptero?dactyls indicate that these flying reptiles had a wingspan of as much as twenty feet.

Front 1734

puerile

Back 1734

ADJ. /幼稚的，孩子气的/childish. His puerile pranks sometimes offended his more mature friends.

Front 1735

pugilist

Back 1735

N. /拳击家/boxer. The famous pugilist Cassius Clay changed his name to Muhammed Ali.

Front 1736

pugnacity

Back 1736

N. /好斗的/combativeness; disposition to fight. "Put up your dukes!" he cried, making a fist to show his pugnacity. pugnacious,ADJ.

Front 1737

pulchritude

Back 1737

N. /美丽；标致/beauty; comeliness. I do not envy the judges who have to select this year's Miss America from this collection of female pulchritude.

Front 1738

pulverize

Back 1738

V. /磨碎；粉碎/crush or grind into dust. Before sprinkling the dried herbs into the stew, Michael first pulverized them into a fine powder.

Front 1739

pummel

Back 1739

V. /用拳头打/beat or pound with fists. Swinging wildly, Pam pummeled her brother around the head and shoulders.

Front 1740

punctilious

Back 1740

ADJ. /谨小慎微的；一丝不苟的/laying stress on niceties of conduct or form; minutely attentive to fine points (perhaps too much so). Percy is punctilious about observing the rules of eti?quette whenever Miss Manners invites him to stay. punctil?iousness.N.

Front 1741

pundit

Back 1741

N. /博学者；梵文学家/authority on a subject; learned person; expert. Some authors who write about SAT I as if they are pundits actually know very little about the test.

Front 1742

pungent

Back 1742

ADJ. /刺激的；辛辣的；尖锐的/stinging; sharp in taste or smell; caustic. The pungent odor of ripe Limburger cheese appealed to Simone but made Stanley gag.

Front 1743

punitive

Back 1743

ADJ. /惩罚的/punishing. He asked for punitive measures against the offender.

Front 1744

puny

Back 1744

ADJ. /不显著的；不明显的；细微的/insignificant; tiny; weak. Our puny efforts to stop the flood were futile.

Front 1745

purchase

Back 1745

N. /赢得；换得；努力争取得；购买/firm grasp or footing. The mountaineer strug?gled to get a proper purchase on the slippery rock. (sec?ondary meaning)

Front 1746

purge

Back 1746

V. /净化；清除；拉肚子/remove or get rid of something unwanted; free from blame or guilt; cleanse or purify. When the Communist government purged the party to get rid of members sus-pected of capitalist sympathies, they sent the disloyal mem?bers to labor camps in Siberia.

Front 1747

purported

Back 1747

ADJ. /传说的；谣传的/alleged; claimed; reputed or rumored. The purported Satanists sacrificing live roosters in the park turned out to be a party of Shriners holding a chicken barbecue.

Front 1748

purse

Back 1748

V. /折叠；褶皱；钱包；手提包（女式）/pucker; contract into wrinkles. Miss Watson pursed her lips to show her disapproval of Huck's bedrag?gled appearance.

Front 1749

purveyor

Back 1749

N. /承办商/furnisher of foodstuffs; caterer. As purveyor of rare wines and viands, he traveled through France and Italy every year in search of new products to sell.

Front 1750

pusillanimous

Back 1750

ADJ. /懦弱的；优柔寡断的/cowardly; fainthearted. You should be ashamed of your pusillanimous conduct during this dispute.

Front 1751

putrid

Back 1751

ADJ. /恶臭的；腐烂的/foul; rotten; decayed. The gangrenous condi?tion of the wound was indicated by the putrid smell when the bandages were removed. putrescence, N.

Front 1752

pyromaniac

Back 1752

N. /纵火狂/person with an insane desire to set things on fire. The detectives searched the area for the pyroma?niac who had set these costly fires.

Front 1753

quack

Back 1753

N. /骗子；吹嘘的人/charlatan; impostor. Do not be misled by the exorbitant claims of this quack; he cannot cure you.

Front 1754

quadruped

Back 1754

N. /四足动物/four-footed animal. Most mammals are quadrupeds.

Front 1755

quaff

Back 1755

V. /一饮而尽/drink with relish. As we quaffed our ale, we lis?tened to the lively songs of the students in the tavern.

Front 1756

quagmire

Back 1756

N. /沼泽；湿地/soft wet boggy land; complex or dangerous situation from which it is difficult to free oneself. Up to her knees in mud, Myra wondered how on earth she was going to extricate herself from this quagmire.

Front 1757

quail

Back 1757

V. /懦弱；胆怯/cower; lose heart. The Cowardly Lion was afraid that he would quail in the face of danger.

Front 1758

quaint

Back 1758

ADJ. /离奇古怪的；做的精巧的；过时的/odd; old-fashioned; picturesque. Her quaint clothes and old-fashioned language marked her as an eccentric.

Front 1759

qualified

Back 1759

ADJ. /有资格的；有限制的；被限制的/limited; restricted. Unable to give the candi?date full support, the mayor gave him only a qualified endorsement. (secondary meaning)

Front 1760

qualms

Back 1760

N. /担心，害怕；担惊受怕；愧对良心/misgivings; uneasy fears, especially about mat?ters of conscience. I have no qualms about giving this assignment to Helen; I know she will handle it admirably.

Front 1761

quandary

Back 1761

N. /两难的困境/dilemma. When both Harvard and Stanford accepted Laura, she was in a quandary as to which school she should attend.

Front 1762

quarantine

Back 1762

N. /隔离/isolation of person or ship to prevent spread of infection. We will have to place this house under quaran?tine until we determine the exact nature of the disease. alsoV.

Front 1763

quarry

Back 1763

N. /猎物；受害者/Victim; object of a hunt. The police closed in on their quarry.

Front 1764

quarry

Back 1764

V. /挖掘出，寻找出/dig into. They quarried blocks of marble out of the hillside. also N.

Front 1765

quay

Back 1765

N. /码头/dock; landing place. Because of the captain's carelessness, the ship crashed into the quay.

Front 1766

queasy

Back 1766

ADJ. /神经质的，洁癖的；易呕吐的/easily nauseated; squeamish. Remember that great chase movie, the one with the carsick passenger? That's right: Queasy Rider!

Front 1767

quell

Back 1767

V. /扑灭；镇压；平息/extinguish; put down; quiet. Miss Minchin's demeanor was so stern and forbidding that she could quell any unrest among her students with one intimidating glance.

Front 1768

quench

Back 1768

V. /弄湿；扑灭；熄灭；淬火/douse or extinguish; assuage or satisfy. No matter how much water the hiker drank, she could not quench her thirst.

Front 1769

querulous

Back 1769

ADJ. /鸣不平的；易发牢骚的/fretful; whining. Even the most agreeable toddlers can begin to act querulous if they miss their nap.

Front 1770

query

Back 1770

N. /问询；质问/inquiry; question. In her column "Ask Beth," the columnist invites young readers to send her their queries about life and love.

Front 1771

quibble

Back 1771

N. /遁词；狡辩；支吾；吹毛求疵/minor objection or complaint. Aside from a few hundred teensy-weensy quibbles about the set, the script, the actors, the director, the costumes, the lighting, and the props, the hypercritical critic loved the play. alsoV.

Front 1772

quiescent

Back 1772

ADJ. /睡眠的；休息的；暂停活动的/at rest; dormant; temporarily inactive. After the great eruption, fear of Mount Etna was great; people did not return to cultivate its rich hillside lands until the volcano had been quiescent for a full two years. quiescence, N.

Front 1773

quietude

Back 1773

N. /平静；宁静/tranquility. He was impressed by the air of qui?etude and peace that pervaded the valley.

Front 1774

quintessence

Back 1774

N. /精粹；精华/purest and highest embodiment. Noel Coward displayed the quintessence of wit.

Front 1775

quip

Back 1775

N. /嘲弄；讽刺/taunt. You are unpopular because you are too free with your quips and sarcastic comments. alsoV.

Front 1776

quirk

Back 1776

N. /反复无常；怪僻/startling twist; caprice. By a quirk of fate, he found himself working for the man whom he had discharged years before.

Front 1777

quiver

Back 1777

V. /振动的；颤抖的；敏捷的/tremble; shake. The bird dog's nose twitched and his whiskers quivered as he strained eagerly against the leash. also N.

Front 1778

quiver

Back 1778

N. /射箭的/case for arrows. Robin Hood reached back and plucked one last arrow from his quiver. (secondary meaning)

Front 1779

quixotic

Back 1779

ADJ. /空想的；狂想的/idealistic but impractical. Constantly coming up with quixotic, unworkable schemes to save the world, Simon has his heart in the right place, but his head some?where in the clouds.

Front 1780

quizzical

Back 1780

ADJ. /古怪的；嘲弄的；令人好奇的/teasing; bantering; mocking; curious. When the skinny teenager tripped over his own feet stepping into the bullpen, Coach raised one quizzical eyebrow, shook his head, and said, "Okay, kid. You're here, let's see what you've got."

Front 1781

quorum

Back 1781

N. /法定人数/number of members necessary to conduct a meeting. The senator asked for a roll call to determine whether a quorum was present.

Front 1782

rabid

Back 1782

ADJ. /狂暴的；激烈的/like a fanatic; furious. He was a rabid follower of the Dodgers and watched them play whenever he could go to the ball park.

Front 1783

raconteur

Back 1783

N. /善谈的人；满肚子故事的人/storyteller. My father was a gifted raconteur with an unlimited supply of anecdotes.

Front 1784

rail

Back 1784

V. /责骂；斥责；咆哮/scold; rant. You may rail at him all you want; you will never change him.

Front 1785

raiment

Back 1785

N. /衣服/clothing. "How can I go to the ball?" asked Cin?derella. "I have no raiment fit to wear."

Front 1786

rally

Back 1786

V. /复原，恢复；召集，集合/call up or summon (forces, vital powers, etc.); revive or recuperate. Washington quickly rallied his troops to fight off the British attack. The patient had been sinking throughout the night, but at dawn she rallied and made a complete recovery.

Front 1787

ramble

Back 1787

V. /游荡；漫无目的游荡/wander aimlessly (physically or mentally). Lis?tening to the teacher ramble, Judy wondered whether he'd ever get to his point.

Front 1788

ramification

Back 1788

N. /分支；分叉/branching out; subdivision. We must exam?ine all the ramifications of this problem.

Front 1789

ramify

Back 1789

V. /分支；分开/divide into branches or subdivisions. When the plant begins to ramify, it is advisable to nip off most of the new branches.

Front 1790

ramp

Back 1790

N. /斜面；斜坡/slope; inclined plane. The house was built with ramps instead of stairs in order to enable the man in the wheelchair to move easily from room to room and floor to floor.

Front 1791

rampant

Back 1791

ADJ. /猖獗的；滋生的；猛烈的/growing in profusion; unrestrained. The ram?pant weeds in the garden choked the flowers until they died.

Front 1792

ramshackle

Back 1792

ADJ. /摇摆的；摇摇欲坠的/rickety; falling apart. The boys propped up the ramshackle clubhouse with a couple of boards.

Front 1793

rancid

Back 1793

ADJ. /油脂一样腐臭的/having the odor of stale fat. A rancid odor filled the ship's galley and nauseated the crew.

Front 1794

rancor

Back 1794

N. /苦难/bitterness; hatred. Thirty years after the war, she could not let go of the past but was still consumed with ran?cor against the foe.

Front 1795

random

Back 1795

ADJ. /随机的/without definite purpose, plan, or aim; hap?hazard. Although the sponsor of the raffle claimed all win?ners were chosen at random, people had their suspicions when the grand prize went to the sponsor's brother-in-law.

Front 1796

rankle

Back 1796

V. /激怒；溃烂；化脓/irritate; fester. The memory of having been jilted rankled him for years.

Front 1797

rant

Back 1797

V. /咆哮；激昂的演说；斥责/rave; talk excitedly; scold; make a grandiloquent speech. When he heard that I'd totaled the family car, Dad began to rant at me like a complete madman.

Front 1798

rapacious

Back 1798

ADJ. /极度贪婪的；捕食的；掠夺的/excessively greedy; predatory. The rapa?cious brigands stripped the villagers of all their posses?sions. rapacity, N.

Front 1799

rapport

Back 1799

N. /情感的亲近；和谐/emotional closeness; harmony. In team teach?ing, it is important that all teachers in the group have good rapport with one another.

Front 1800

rapt

Back 1800

ADJ. /迷住的；全神贯注的/absorbed; enchanted. Caught up in the wonder of the storyteller's tale, the rapt listeners sat motionless, hanging on his every word.

Front 1801

rarefied

Back 1801

ADJ. /稀释（气体）/made less dense (of a gas]. The mountain climbers had difficulty breathing in the rarefied atmosphere. rarefy,V.

Front 1802

raspy

Back 1802

ADJ. /刺耳的；焦躁的/grating; harsh. The sergeant's raspy voice grated on the recruits' ears.

Front 1803

ratify

Back 1803

V. /批准，认可/approve formally; confirm; verify. Party leaders doubted that they had enough votes in both houses of Con?gress to ratify the constitutional amendment.

Front 1804

ratiocination

Back 1804

N. /推理；推论/reasoning; act of drawing conclusions from premises. While Watson was a man of average intelli?gence, Holmes was a genius, whose gift for ratiocination made him a superb detective.

Front 1805

rationale

Back 1805

N. /基础科学；基本原理/fundamental reason or justification; grounds for an action. Her need to have someplace to hang her ear?ring collection was Dora's rationale for piercing fifteen holes in each ear.

Front 1806

rationalize

Back 1806

V. /合理化/give a plausible reason for an action in place of a true, less admirable one; offer an excuse. When David told gabby Gabrielle he couldn't give her a ride to the dance because he had no room in the car, he was rational?izing; actually, he couldn't stand being cooped up in a car with anyone who talked as much as she did.

Front 1807

raucous

Back 1807

ADJ. /沙哑的/harsh and shrill; disorderly and boisterous. The raucous crowd of New Year's Eve revelers got progres?sively noisier as midnight drew near.

Front 1808

rave

Back 1808

N. /咆哮/overwhelmingly favorable review. Though critic John Simon seldom has a good word to say about most contemporary plays, his review of All in the Timing was a total rave.

Front 1809

ravel

Back 1809

V. /使混乱；解开混乱，解决混乱/fall apart into tangles; unravel or untwist; entangle. A single thread pulled loose, and the entire scarf started to ravel.

Front 1810

ravenous

Back 1810

ADJ. /饥饿的/extremely hungry. The ravenous dog upset several garbage pails in its search for food.

Front 1811

raze

Back 1811

V. /彻底摧毁/destroy completely. Spelling is important: to raise a building is to put it up; to raze a building is to tear it down.

Front 1812

reactionary

Back 1812

ADJ. /反作用的/recoiling from progress; politically ultra?conservative. Opposing the use of English in worship ser?vices, reactionary forces in the church fought to reinstate the mass in Latin.

Front 1813

realm

Back 1813

N. /领域/kingdom; field or sphere. In the animal realm, the lion is the king of beasts.

Front 1814

reaper

Back 1814

N. /收割者；收割机/one who harvests grain. Death, the Grim Reaper, cuts down mortal men and women, just as a farmer cuts down the ripened grain. reap,V.

Front 1815

rebuff

Back 1815

V. /回绝/snub; beat back. She rebuffed his invitation so smoothly that he did not realize he had been snubbed. also N.

Front 1816

rebuke

Back 1816

V. /严厉批评；猛烈的训斥/scold harshly; criticize severely. No matter how sharply Miss Watson rebuked Huck for his misconduct, he never talked back but just stood there like a stump. also N.

Front 1817

rebuttal

Back 1817

N. /驳斥；举反证/refutation; response with contrary evidence. The defense lawyer confidently listened to the prosecutor sum up his case, sure that she could answer his arguments in her rebuttal.

Front 1818

recalcitrant

Back 1818

ADJ. /反抗的；顽抗的/obstinately stubborn; determined to resist authority; unruly. Which animal do you think is more recalci?trant, a pig or a mule?

Front 1819

recant

Back 1819

V. /放弃；宣布放弃/disclaim or disavow; retract a previous statement; openly confess error. Those who can, keep true to their faith; those who can't, recant. Hoping to make Joan of Arc recant her sworn testimony, her English captors tried to convince her that her visions had been sent to her by the Devil.

Front 1820

recapitulate

Back 1820

V. /概括；总结/summarize. Let us recapitulate what has been said thus far before going ahead.

Front 1821

recast

Back 1821

V. /重建/reconstruct (a sentence, story, etc.); fashion again. Let me recast this sentence in terms your feeble brain can grasp: in words of one syllable, you are a fool.

Front 1822

receptive

Back 1822

ADJ. /善于接受的/quick or willing to receive ideas, sugges?tions, etc. Adventure-loving Huck Finn proved a receptive audience for Tom's tales of buried treasure and piracy.

Front 1823

recession

Back 1823

N. /撤退/withdrawal; retreat; time of low economic activity. The slow recession of the flood waters created problems for the crews working to restore power to the area. recede,V.

Front 1824

recidivism

Back 1824

N. /累犯；惯犯/habitual return to crime. Prison reformers in the United States are disturbed by the high rate of recidivism; the number of men serving second and third terms in prison indicates the failure of prisons to rehabilitate the inmates.

Front 1825

recipient

Back 1825

N. /接受的东西；容器/receiver. Although he had been the recipient of many favors, he was not grateful to his benefactor.

Front 1826

reciprocal

Back 1826

ADJ. /互相的；互动的；互惠的/mutual; exchangeable; interacting. The two nations signed a reciprocal trade agreement.

Front 1827

reciprocate

Back 1827

V. /互给；呼唤；酬答/repay in kind. If they attack us, we shall be compelled to reciprocate and bomb their territory. reci?procity, N.

Front 1828

recluse

Back 1828

N. /隐遁者；寂寞者/hermit; loner. Disappointed in love, Miss Emily became a recluse; she shut herself away in her empty man?sion and refused to see another living soul. reclusive,ADJ.

Front 1829

reconcile

Back 1829

V. /抛弃前嫌；不打不相识；结为好友；化解冲突/correct inconsistencies; become friendly after a quarrel. Each month when we try to reconcile our checkbook with the bank statement, we quarrel. However, despite these monthly lovers' quarrels, we always manage to reconcile.

Front 1830

reconnaissance

Back 1830

N. /侦查/survey of enemy by soldiers; reconnoi?tering. If you encounter any enemy soldiers during your reconnaissance, capture them for questioning.

Front 1831

recount

Back 1831

V. /解说，告诉；重新数/narrate or tell; count over again. A born story?teller, my father loved to recount anecdotes about his early years in New York.

Front 1832

recourse

Back 1832

N. /求助；求援/resorting to help when in trouble. The boy's only recourse was to appeal to his father for aid.

Front 1833

recrimination

Back 1833

N. /反责；反击/countercharges. Loud and angry recrimi?nations were her answer to his accusations.

Front 1834

rectify

Back 1834

V. /纠正/set right; correct. You had better send a check to rectify your account before American Express cancels your credit card.

Front 1835

rectitude

Back 1835

N. /垂直；正直；公正/uprightness; moral virtue; correctness of judg?ment. The Eagle Scout was a model of rectitude.

Front 1836

recumbent

Back 1836

ADJ. /靠着的；斜躺的；不动的；休息的/reclining; lying down completely or in part. The command "AT EASE" does not permit you to take a recumbent position.

Front 1837

recuperate

Back 1837

V. /恢复/recover. The doctors were worried because the patient did not recuperate as rapidly as they had expected.

Front 1838

recurrent

Back 1838

ADJ. /一遍又一遍发生的；循环发生的/occurring again and again. Richard's recurrent asthma attacks disturbed us and we consulted a physician.

Front 1839

redolent

Back 1839

ADJ. /有味道的；有香味儿的/fragrant; odorous; suggestive of an odor. Even though it is February, the air is redolent of spring.

Front 1840

redoubtable

Back 1840

ADJ. /可怕的/formidable; causing fear. During the Cold War period, neighboring countries tried not to offend the Russians because they could be redoubtable foes.

Front 1841

redress

Back 1841

N. /补偿；赔偿/remedy; compensation. Do you mean to tell me that I can get no redress for my injuries? also v.

Front 1842

redundant

Back 1842

ADJ. /冗余的；多余的/superfluous; repetitious; excessivejy wordy. The bottle of wine I brought to Bob's was certainly redundant how was I to know Bob owned a winery? In your essay, you repeat several points unnecessarily; try to be less redundant in the future. redundancy, N.

Front 1843

reek

Back 1843

V. /散发（气味）/emit (odor). The room reeked with stale tobacco smoke. also N.

Front 1844

refraction

Back 1844

N. /（光线的）折射，弯曲/bending of a ray of light. When you look at a stick inserted in water, it looks bent because of the refrac?tion of the light by the water.

Front 1845

refractory

Back 1845

ADJ. /按不住的；不服气的；倔强的/stubborn; unmanageable. The refractory horse was eliminated from the race when he refused to obey the jockey.

Front 1846

refrain

Back 1846

V. /抵制；抵抗；远离，节制/abstain from; resist. Whenever he heard a song with a lively chorus, Sol could never refrain from joining in on the refrain.

Front 1847

refurbish

Back 1847

V. /刷新；修复；擦亮/renovate; make bright by polishing. The flood left a deposit of mud on everything; we had to refurbish our belongings.

Front 1848

refute

Back 1848

V. /反驳/disprove. The defense called several respectable witnesses who were able to refute the false testimony of the prosecution's sole witness. refutation, N.

Front 1849

regal

Back 1849

ADJ. /皇家的/royal. Prince Albert had a regal manner.

Front 1850

regale

Back 1850

V. /取悦，娱乐，享受/entertain. John regaled us with tales of his adventures in Africa.

Front 1851

regime

Back 1851

N. /政体/method or system of government. When the French mention the Old Regime, they refer to the govern?ment existing before the revolution.

Front 1852

regimen

Back 1852

N. /摄生法/prescribed diet and habits. I doubt whether the results warrant our living under such a strict regimen.

Front 1853

rehabilitate

Back 1853

V. /恢复；复原/restore to proper condition. We must reha?bilitate those whom we send to prison.

Front 1854

reimburse

Back 1854

V. /偿还/repay. Let me know what you have spent and I will reimburse you.

Front 1855

reiterate

Back 1855

V. /重申；重复/repeat. He reiterated the warning to make sure everyone understood it.

Front 1856

rejoinder

Back 1856

N. /反驳；回应/retort; comeback; reply. When someone has been rude to me, I find it particularly satisfying to come up with a quick rejoinder.

Front 1857

rejuvenate

Back 1857

V. /返老还童；青春重回/make young again. The charlatan claimed that his elixir would rejuvenate the aged and weary.

Front 1858

relegate

Back 1858

V. /指派；下放；贬/banish to an inferior position; delegate; assign. After Ralph dropped his second tray of drinks that week, the manager swiftly relegated him to a minor post cleaning up behind the bar.

Front 1859

relent

Back 1859

V. /变宽厚；变温和/give in. When her stern father would not relent and allow her to marry Robert Browning, Elizabeth Barrett eloped with her suitor. relentless,ADJ.

Front 1860

relevant

Back 1860

ADJ. /有关的；相对的/pertinent; referring to the case in hand. How relevant Virginia Woolf's essays are to women writers today! It's as if Woolf in the 1930s foresaw our current literary struggles. relevancy, N.

Front 1861

relic

Back 1861

N. /纪念物；废墟，遗留/surviving remnant; memento. Egypt's Department of Antiquities prohibits tourists from taking mummies and other ancient relics out of the country. Mike keeps his photos of his trip to Egypt in a box with other relics of his travels.

Front 1862

relinquish

Back 1862

V. /不情愿的屈服，放弃（某物）/give up something with reluctance; yield. Denise never realized how hard it would be for her to relinquish her newborn son to the care of his adoptive par?ents. Once you get used to fringe benefits like expense account meals and a company car, it's very hard to relin?quish them.

Front 1863

relish

Back 1863

V. /品味；享受/savor; enjoy. Watching Peter enthusiastically chow down, I thought, "Now there's a man who relishes a good dinner!" also N.

Front 1864

remediable

Back 1864

ADJ. /可挽回的/reparable. Let us be grateful that the damage is remediable.

Front 1865

remedial

Back 1865

ADJ. /治疗的，补救的/curative; corrective. Because he was a slow reader, he decided to take a course in remedial reading.

Front 1866

reminiscence

Back 1866

N. /怀旧；回想/recollection. Her reminiscences of her experiences are so fascinating that she ought to write a book.

Front 1867

remiss

Back 1867

ADJ. /玩忽职守的，粗心大意的/negligent. The guard was accused of being remiss in his duty when the prisoner escaped.

Front 1868

remission

Back 1868

N. /减轻，缓解；宽恕/temporary moderation of disease symptoms; cancellation of a debt; forgiveness or pardon. Though the senator had been treated for cancer, his symptoms were in remission, and he was considered fit enough to handle the strains of a presidential race.

Front 1869

remnant

Back 1869

N. /残留物/remainder. I suggest that you wait until the store places the remnants of these goods on sale.

Front 1870

remonstrance

Back 1870

N. /抗议/protest; objection. The authorities were deaf to the pastor's remonstrances about the lack of police protection in the area. remonstrate,V.

Front 1871

remorse

Back 1871

N. /懊悔，自责/guilt; self-reproach. The murderer felt no remorse for his crime.

Front 1872

remunerative

Back 1872

ADJ. /有利益的；有报酬的/compensating; rewarding. I find my new work so remunerative that I may not return to my previ?ous employment. remuneration, N.

Front 1873

rend

Back 1873

V. /分开；撕开/split; tear apart. In his grief, he tried to rend his garments. rent, N.

Front 1874

render

Back 1874

V. /呈递；开账单；给予；还以，报以；放弃，投降投降或交出；放弃；描写以文字形式表现，描绘；以图像或绘画表现；演奏，诠释；翻译；正式宣布；裁决；使成为；熔解，精炼；打底/deliver; provide; represent. He rendered aid to the needy and indigent.

Front 1875

rendition

Back 1875

N. /表演，诠释；翻译/translation; artistic interpretation of a song, etc. The audience cheered enthusiastically as she com?pleted her rendition of the aria.

Front 1876

renegade

Back 1876

N. /变节者/deserter; traitor. Because he had abandoned his post and joined forces with the Indians, his fellow offi?cers considered the hero of Dances with Wolves a rene?gade. alsoADJ.

Front 1877

renege

Back 1877

V. /食言；反悔；否认；翻供/deny; go back on. He reneged on paying off his debt.

Front 1878

renounce

Back 1878

V. /放弃；断绝关系/abandon; disown; repudiate. Even though she knew she would be burned at the stake as a witch, Joan of Arc refused to renounce her belief that her voices came from God. renunciation, N.

Front 1879

renovate

Back 1879

V. /革新；刷新；修复/restore to good condition; renew. They claim that they can renovate worn shoes so that they look like new ones.

Front 1880

renown

Back 1880

N. /名望/fame. For many years an unheralded researcher, Barbara McClintock gained international renown when she won the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine. renowned,ADJ.

Front 1881

rent

Back 1881

N. /撕；裂口/rip; split. Kit did an excellent job of mending the rent in the lining of her coat.

Front 1882

reparable

Back 1882

ADJ. /可修复的/capable of being repaired. Fortunately, the damages we suffered in the accident were reparable and our car looks brand new.

Front 1883

reparation

Back 1883

N. /修订；弥补；补偿/amends; compensation. At the peace con?ference, the defeated country promised to pay reparations to the victors.

Front 1884

repast

Back 1884

N. /餐；宴会/meal; feast; banquet. The caterers prepared a delicious repast for Fred and Judy's wedding day.

Front 1885

repeal

Back 1885

V. /废除；撤除/revoke; annul. What would the effect on our soci?ety be if we decriminalized drug use by repealing the laws against the possession and sale of narcotics?

Front 1886

repel

Back 1886

V. /撤退；退却/drive away; disgust. At first, the Beast's ferocious appearance repelled Beauty, but she came to love the ten?der heart hidden behind that beastly exterior.

Front 1887

repellent

Back 1887

ADJ. /排斥的/driving away; unattractive. Mosquitoes find the odor so repellent that they leave any spot where this liq?uid has been sprayed. also N.

Front 1888

repercussion

Back 1888

N. /反弹；弹回/rebound; reverberation; reaction. I am afraid that this unfortunate incident will have serious reper?cussions.

Front 1889

repertoire

Back 1889

N. /节目表；保留节目/list of works of music, drama, etc., a per?former is prepared to present. The opera company decided to include Madame Butterfly in its repertoire for the follow?ing season.

Front 1890

replenish

Back 1890

V. /补充/fill up again. Before she could take another backpacking trip, Carla had to replenish her stock of freeze-dried foods.

Front 1891

replete

Back 1891

ADJ. /充满的；充足的/filled to the brim or to the point of being stuffed; abundantly supplied. The movie star's memoir was replete with juicy details about the love life of half of Hollywood.

Front 1892

replica

Back 1892

N. /复制/copy. Are you going to hang this replica of the Declaration of Independence in the classroom or in the auditorium?

Front 1893

replicate

Back 1893

V. /复制/reproduce; duplicate. Because he had always wanted a palace, Donald decided to replicate the Tai Mahal in miniature on his estate.

Front 1894

repository

Back 1894

N. /仓库；知识库；智囊团/storehouse. Libraries are repositories of the world's best thoughts.

Front 1895

reprehensible

Back 1895

ADJ. /应该谴责的/deserving blame. Shocked by the viciousness of the bombing, politicians of every party uni?formly condemned the terrorists' reprehensible deed.

Front 1896

repress

Back 1896

V. /压迫；压制；压/restrain; crush; oppress. Anne's parents tried to curb her impetuosity without repressing her boundless high spirits.

Front 1897

reprieve

Back 1897

N. /暂缓；缓刑/temporary stay. During the twenty-four-hour reprieve, the lawyers sought to make the stay of execution permanent. alsoV.

Front 1898

reprimand

Back 1898

V. /谴责/reprove severely; rebuke. Every time Ermen?garde made a mistake in class, she was afraid that Miss Minchin would reprimand her and tell her father how badly she was doing in school. also N.

Front 1899

reprisal

Back 1899

N. /报复/retaliation. I am confident that we are ready for any reprisals the enemy may undertake.

Front 1900

reprise

Back 1900

N. /年金；重奏；重复的行动/musical repetition; repeat performance; recur?rent action. We enjoyed the soprano's solo in Act I so much that we were delighted by its reprise in the finale.

Front 1901

reproach

Back 1901

V. /表示失望；责备/express disapproval or disappointment. He never could do anything wrong without imagining how the look on his mother's face would reproach him afterwards. reproachful,ADJ.

Front 1902

reprobate

Back 1902

N. /有重罪的人；道德败坏的人，无耻的人/person hardened in sin, devoid of a sense of decency. I cannot understand why he has so many admir?ers if he is the reprobate you say he is.

Front 1903

reprove

Back 1903

V. /责备/censure; rebuke. The principal severely reproved the students whenever they talked in the halls.

Front 1904

repudiate

Back 1904

V. /批判/disown; disavow. On separating from Tony, Tina announced that she would repudiate all debts incurred by her soon-to-be ex-husband.

Front 1905

repugnant

Back 1905

ADJ. /不一致的；令人讨厌的/loathsome; hateful. She found the snake repugnant and looked on it with loathing and fear.

Front 1906

repulsion

Back 1906

N. /排斥；反驳/distaste; act of driving back. Hating blood?shed, she viewed war with repulsion. Even defensive bat?tles distressed her, for the repulsion of enemy forces is never accomplished bloodlessly.

Front 1907

reputable

Back 1907

ADJ. /著名的；令人尊敬的/respectable. If you want to buy antiques, look for a reputable dealer; far too many dealers today pass off fakes as genuine antiques.

Front 1908

reputed

Back 1908

ADJ. /名誉好的；有名气的；名誉的/supposed. Though he is the reputed father of the child, no one can be sure. repute, N.

Front 1909

requiem

Back 1909

N. /安灵弥撒；安灵歌，挽歌/mass for the dead; dirge. They played Mozart's Requiem at the funeral.

Front 1910

requisite

Back 1910

N. /必须品；必要的/necessary requirement. Many colleges state that a student must offer three years of a language as a requisite for admission.

Front 1911

requite

Back 1911

V. /报答；酬谢/repay; revenge. The wretch requited his bene?factors by betraying them.

Front 1912

rescind

Back 1912

V. /取消/cancel. Because of the public outcry against the new taxes, the senator proposed a bill to rescind the unpopular financial measure.

Front 1913

resentment

Back 1913

N. /怨恨；愤恨/indignation; bitterness; displeasure. Not wanting to appear a sore loser, Bill tried to hide his resent?ment of Barry's success.

Front 1914

reserve

Back 1914

N. /自我控制；疏远/self-control; formal but distant manner. Although some girls were attracted by Mark's air of reserve, Judy was put off by it, for she felt his aloofness indicated a lack of openness. reserved,ADJ.

Front 1915

residue

Back 1915

N. /残留物；余额/remainder; balance. In his will, he requested that after payment of debts, taxes, and funeral expenses, the residue be given to his wife. residual,ADJ.

Front 1916

resigned

Back 1916

ADJ. /认命，顺从；听天由命/accepting one's fate; unresisting; patiently submissive. Resigned to his downtrodden existence, Bob Cratchit was too meek to protest Scrooge's bullying. resig?nation, N.

Front 1917

resilient

Back 1917

ADJ. /弹性的/elastic; having the power of springing back. Highly resilient, steel makes excellent bedsprings. resilience, N.

Front 1918

resolution

Back 1918

N. /坚定；决心；决定/determination; resolve. Nothing could shake his resolution that his children would get the best education that money could buy. resolute,ADJ.

Front 1919

resolve

Back 1919

N. /决心；解决/determination; firmness of purpose. How dare you question my resolve to take up sky-diving! Of course I haven't changed my mind!

Front 1920

resolve

Back 1920

V. /决定；安排/decide; settle; solve. Holmes resolved to travel to Bohemia to resolve the dispute between Irene Adler and the king.

Front 1921

resonant

Back 1921

ADJ. /共鸣的/echoing; resounding; deep and full in sound. The deep, resonant voice of the actor James Earl Jones makes him particularly effective when he appears on stage.

Front 1922

respiration

Back 1922

N. /呼吸；呼吸作用；呼气/breathing; exhalation. The doctor found that the patient's years of smoking had adversely affected both his lung capacity and his rate of respiration.

Front 1923

respite

Back 1923

N. /暂缓/interval of relief; time for rest; delay in punish?ment. After working nonstop on this project for three straight months. I need a respite! For David, the two weeks vaca?tioning in New Zealand were a delightful respite from the pressures of his job.

Front 1924

resplendent

Back 1924

ADJ. /辉煌的；光辉的/dazzling; glorious; brilliant. While all the adults were commenting how glorious the emperor looked in his resplendent new clothes, one little boy was heard to say, "But he's naked!"

Front 1925

responsiveness

Back 1925

N. /响应的/state of reacting readily to appeals, orders, etc. The audience cheered and applauded, delight?ing the performers by its responsiveness.

Front 1926

restitution

Back 1926

N. /归还；补偿/reparation; indemnification. He offered to make restitution for the window broken by his son.

Front 1927

restive

Back 1927

ADJ. /焦躁不安的；难以压抑的/restlessly impatient; obstinately resisting con?trol. Waiting impatiently in line to see Santa Claus, even the best-behaved children grow restive and start to fidget.

Front 1928

restraint

Back 1928

N. /抑制；控制/moderation or self-control; controlling force; restriction. Control yourself. young lady! Show some restraint!

Front 1929

resumption

Back 1929

N. /恢复；重新开始/taking up again; recommencement. During summer break, Don had not realized how much he missed university life: at the resumption of classes, however, he felt marked excitement and pleasure. resume,V.

Front 1930

resurge

Back 1930

V. /复活/rise again; flow to and fro. It was startling to see the spirit of nationalism resurge as the Soviet Union disinte?grated into a loose federation of ethnic and national groups. resurgence, N.

Front 1931

retain

Back 1931

V. /保持；使用/keep; employ. Fighting to retain his seat in Con?gress, Senator Foghorn retained a new manager to head his reelection campaign.

Front 1932

retaliation

Back 1932

N. /报仇/repayment in kind (usually for bad treat?ment). Because everyone knew the Princeton Band had stolen Brown's mascot, the whole Princeton student body expected some sort of retaliation from Brown. retaliate,V.

Front 1933

retentive

Back 1933

ADJ. /保持的；记性好的/holding; having a good memory. The pupil did not need to spend much time studying, for he had a retentive mind and remembered all he read.

Front 1934

reticence

Back 1934

N. /不动声色的；深藏不露的；沉默寡言的/reserve; uncommunicativeness; inclination to silence. Fearing his competitors might get advance word about his plans from talkative staff members, Hughes pre?ferred reticence from his employees to loquacity. reticent,ADJ.

Front 1935

retinue

Back 1935

N. /随行人员；扈从/following; attendants. The queen's retinue fol?lowed her down the aisle.

Front 1936

retiring

Back 1936

ADJ. /退休的；谦虚的，害羞的/modest; shy. Given Susan's retiring personal?ity, no one expected her to take up public speaking; sur?prisingly enough, she became a star of the school debate team,

Front 1937

retort

Back 1937

N. /反驳；曲颈甑/quick sharp reply. Even when it was advisable for her to keep her mouth shut, she was always ready with a quick retort. alsoV.

Front 1938

retract

Back 1938

V. /撤回，撤退/withdraw; take back. When I saw how Fred and his fraternity brothers had trashed the frat house, I decided to retract my offer to let them use our summer cottage for the weekend. retraction, N.

Front 1939

retrench

Back 1939

V. /裁减，削减；紧缩，节约/cut down; economize. In order to be able to afford to send their children to college, they would have to retrench. retrenchment, N.

Front 1940

retribution

Back 1940

N. /复仇；补偿；惩罚/vengeance; compensation; punishment for offenses. The evangelist maintained that an angry deity would exact retribution from the sinners.

Front 1941

retrieve

Back 1941

V. /重新得到；找回/recover; find and bring in. The dog was intelligent and quickly learned to retrieve the game killed by the hunter.

Front 1942

retroactive

Back 1942

ADJ. /反动的；（法律）追溯的（由制定之日前的某一天生效）/of a law that dates back to a period before its enactment. Because the law was retroactive to the first of the year, we found she was eligible for the pension.

Front 1943

retrograde

Back 1943

V. /倒退的/go backwards; degenerate. instead of advancing, our civilization seems to have retrograded in ethics and culture. alsoADJ.

Front 1944

retrospective

Back 1944

ADJ. /回顾的/looking back on the past. The Museum of Graphic Arts is holding a retrospective showing of the paintings of Michael Whelan over the past two decades.

Front 1945

revelry

Back 1945

N. /狂欢/boisterous merrymaking. New Year's Eve is a night of revelry

Front 1946

reverent

Back 1946

ADJ. /尊敬的；可敬的/respectful; worshipful. Though I bow my head in church and recite the prayers, sometimes I don't feel properly reverent. revere,V.

Front 1947

reverie

Back 1947

N. /冥想；发呆；白日梦/daydream; musing. He was awakened from his reverie by the teacher's question.

Front 1948

revert

Back 1948

V. /回复；故态复萌/relapse; backslide; turn back to. Most of the time Andy seemed sensitive and mature, but occasionally he would revert to his smart-alecky, macho, adolescent self.

Front 1949

revile

Back 1949

V. /辱骂，谩骂，诽谤/attack with abusive language; vilify. Though most of his contemporaries reviled Captain Kidd as a notorious, bloody-handed pirate, some of his fellow merchant-cap?tains believed him innocent of his alleged crimes.

Front 1950

revoke

Back 1950

V. /撤回；取消/cancel; retract. Repeat offenders who continue to drive under the influence of alcohol face having their dri?ver's licenses permanently revoked.

Front 1951

revulsion

Back 1951

N. /剧变（情感的）；抽回；收手/sudden violent change of feeling; reaction. Many people in this country who admired dictatorships underwent a revulsion when they realized what Hitler and Mussolini were trying to do.

Front 1952

rhapsodize

Back 1952

V. /狂热地描述；写狂想文，作狂想曲/to speak or write in an exaggeratedly enthu?siastic manner. She greatly enjoyed her Hawaiian vacation and rhapsodized about it for weeks.

Front 1953

rhetoric

Back 1953

N. /说话的学问；花言巧语/art of effective communication; insincere lan?guage. All writers, by necessity, must be skilled in rhetoric.

Front 1954

rhetorical

Back 1954

ADJ. /修辞色彩的；花言巧语的/pertaining to effective communication; insincere in language. To win his audience; the speaker used every rhetorical trick in the book.

Front 1955

ribald

Back 1955

ADJ. /下流的；放荡的；亵渎的/wanton; profane. He sang a ribald song that offended many of the more prudish listeners.

Front 1956

riddle

Back 1956

V. /刺出无数窟窿，打排孔；充斥，弥漫；通过粗眼筛子过滤；谜语；解决，解释；提出，解谜/pierce with holes; permeate or spread through?out. With his machine gun, Tracy riddled the car with bullets till it looked like a slice of Swiss cheese. During the proof?readers' strike, the newspaper was riddled with typos.

Front 1957

rider

Back 1957

N. /附文；扶手/amendment or clause added to a legislative bill. Senator Foghorn said he would support Senator Filibuster's tax reform bill only if Filibuster agreed to add an antipollu?tion riderto the bill.

Front 1958

rife

Back 1958

ADJ. /普遍的/abundant; current. In the face of the many rumors of scandal, which are rife at the moment, it is best to remain silent.

Front 1959

rift

Back 1959

N. /裂缝；破口/opening; break. The plane was lost in the stormy sky until the pilot saw the city through a rift in the clouds.

Front 1960

rig

Back 1960

V. /配备；装备/fix or manipulate. The ward boss was able to rig the election by bribing people to stuff the ballot boxes with bal?lots marked in his candidate's favor.

Front 1961

rigid

Back 1961

ADJ. /刚硬的；不屈的/stiff and unyielding; strict; hard and unbending. By living with a man to whom she was not married, George Eliot broke Victorian society's most rigid rule of respectable behavior.

Front 1962

rigor

Back 1962

N. /严格，苛刻；精确/severity. Many settlers could not stand the rigors of the New England winters.

Front 1963

rigorous

Back 1963

ADJ. /严峻的；严格的；严厉的/severe; harsh; demanding; exact. Disliked by his superiors, the officer candidate in An Officer and a Gen?tleman endured an extremely rigorous training program.

Front 1964

rile

Back 1964

V. /激怒/vex; irritate; muddy. Red had a hair-trigger temper: he was an easy man to rile.

Front 1965

riveting

Back 1965

ADJ. /迷人的/absorbing; engrossing. The reviewer described Byatt's novel Possession as a riveting tale, one so absorbing that he had finished it in a single night.

Front 1966

rivulet

Back 1966

N. /小溪/small stream. As the rains continued, the small trickle of water running down the hillside grew into a rivulet that threatened to wash away a portion of the slope.

Front 1967

robust

Back 1967

ADJ. /健壮的/vigorous; strong. After pumping iron and tak?ing karate for six months, the little old lady was so robust that she could break a plank with her fist.

Front 1968

roil

Back 1968

V. /搅动（使水变浑）;激怒/to make liquids murky by stirring up sediment. Be careful when you pour not to roil the wine; if you stir up the sediment you'll destroy the flavor.

Front 1969

roster

Back 1969

N. /列表/list. They print the roster of players in the sea?son's program.

Front 1970

rostrum

Back 1970

N. /演讲台；讲道坛/platform for speech-making; pulpit. The crowd murmured angrily and indicated that they did not care to lis?ten to the speaker who was approaching the rostrum.

Front 1971

rote

Back 1971

N. /生搬硬套；死记硬背/repetition. He recited the passage by rote and gave no indication he understood what he was saying.

Front 1972

rotundity

Back 1972

N. /圆形，球状；洪亮的演讲/roundness; sonorousness of speech. Wash?ington Irving emphasized the rotundity of the governor by describing his height and circumference.

Front 1973

rousing

Back 1973

ADJ. /活跃的；煽动的/lively; stirring. "And now, let's have a rousing welcome for TV's own Roseanne Barr, who'll lead us in a rousing rendition of 'The Star-Spangled Banner."'

Front 1974

rout

Back 1974

V. /吓跑；赶出；击退/stampede; drive out. The reinforcements were able to rout the enemy. also N.

Front 1975

rubble

Back 1975

N. /碎片/broken fragments. Ten years after World War II, some of the rubble left by enemy bombings could still be seen.

Front 1976

ruddy

Back 1976

ADJ. /红的；红润的，白里透红的；健康的/reddish; healthy-looking. Santa Claus's ruddy cheeks nicely complement Rudolph the Reindeer's bright red nose.

Front 1977

rudimentary

Back 1977

ADJ. /原始的；最初的；原来的/not developed; elementary; crude. Although my grandmother's English vocabulary was limited to a few rudimentary phrases, she always could make her?self understood.

Front 1978

rue

Back 1978

V. /懊悔；后悔；感伤/regret; lament; mourn. Tina rued the night she met Tony and wondered how she ever fell for such a jerk. rueful,ADJ.

Front 1979

ruffian

Back 1979

N. /流氓；恶棍；痞子/bully; scoundrel. The ruffians threw stones at the police.

Front 1980

ruminate

Back 1980

V. /反复咀嚼；消化；深思；反刍/chew over and over (mentally, or, like cows, physically); mull over; ponder. Unable to digest quickly the baffling events of the day, Reuben ruminated about them till four in the morning.

Front 1981

rummage

Back 1981

V. /到处翻寻/ransack; thoroughly search. When we rum?maged through the trunks in the attic, we found many sou?venirs of our childhood days. also N.

Front 1982

ruse

Back 1982

N. /技巧；策略，计谋/trick; stratagem. You will not be able to fool your friends with such an obvious ruse.

Front 1983

rustic

Back 1983

ADJ. /乡村的；笨拙的，不舒服的/pertaining to country people; uncouth. The backwoodsman looked out of place in his rustic attire.

Front 1984

ruthless

Back 1984

ADJ. /无情的/pitiless; cruel. Captain Hook was a danger?ous, ruthless villain who would stop at nothing to destroy Peter Pan.

Front 1985

saboteur

Back 1985

N. /破坏分子；怠工者/one who commits sabotage; destroyer of property. Members of the Resistance acted as saboteurs, blowing up train lines to prevent supplies from reaching the Nazi army.

Front 1986

saccharine

Back 1986

ADJ. /糖精的；代糖的；极甜的/cloyingly sweet. She tried to ingratiate herself, speaking sweetly and smiling a saccharine smile.

Front 1987

sacrilegious

Back 1987

ADJ. /亵渎的，天谴的/desecrating; profane. His stealing of the altar cloth was a very sacrilegious act.

Front 1988

sacrosanct

Back 1988

ADJ. /非常神圣的/most sacred; inviolable. The brash insur?ance salesman invaded the sacrosanct privacy of the office of the president of the company.

Front 1989

sadistic

Back 1989

ADJ. /虐待狂的；残忍成性的/inclined to cruelty. If we are to improve condi- tions in this prison, we must first get rid of the sadistic warden.

Front 1990

saga

Back 1990

N. /斯堪的纳维亚的传说；传奇/Scandinavian myth; any legend. This is a saga of the sea and the men who risk their lives on it.

Front 1991

Sagacious

Back 1991

ADJ. /有洞察力的/perceptive; shrewd; having insight. My father was a sagacious judge of character: he could spot a phony a mile away. sagacity, N.

Front 1992

sage

Back 1992

N. /智者；圣人/person celebrated for wisdom. Hearing tales of a mysterious Master of All Knowledge who lived in the hills of Tibet, Sandy was possessed with a burning desire to con?sult the legendary sage. alsoADJ.

Front 1993

salacious

Back 1993

ADJ. /好色的；淫荡的/lascivious; lustful. Chaucer's monk is not pious but salacious. a teller of lewd tales and ribald jests.

Front 1994

salient

Back 1994

ADJ. /显著的；突出的；卓越的/prominent. One of the salient features of that newspaper is its excellent editorial page.

Front 1995

salubrious

Back 1995

ADJ. /对健康有益的，利于养生的/healthful. Many people with hay fever move to more salubrious sections of the country during the months of August and September.

Front 1996

salutary

Back 1996

ADJ. /有用的；有益的/tending to improve; beneficial; wholesome. The punishment had a salutary effect on the boy, as he became a model student.

Front 1997

salvage

Back 1997

V. /补救；抢救；打捞；营救/rescue from loss. All attempts to salvage the wrecked ship failed. also N.

Front 1998

salvo

Back 1998

N. /解除武装；敬礼；保留条款/discharge of firearms; military salute. The boom of the enemy's opening salvo made the petrified private jump.

Front 1999

sanctimonious

Back 1999

ADJ. /假正经的；假装神圣的/displaying ostentatious or hypocritical devoutness. You do not have to be so sanctimonious to prove that you are devout.

Front 2000

sanction

Back 2000

V. /批准，许可/approve; ratify. Nothing will convince me to sanction the engagement of my daughter to such a worth?less young man.

Front 2001

sanctuary

Back 2001

N. /避难所/refuge; shelter; shrine; holy place. The tiny attic was Helen's sanctuary to which she fled when she had to get away from the rest of her family.

Front 2002

sanguine

Back 2002

ADJ. /高兴的；有希望的；乐天的/cheerful; hopeful. Let us not be too san?guine about the outcome; something could go wrong.

Front 2003

sap

Back 2003

V. /减少；破坏/diminish; undermine. The element kryptonite has an unhealthy effect on Superman: it saps his strength.

Front 2004

sarcasm

Back 2004

N. /挖苦；讽刺/scornful remarks; stinging rebuke. Though Ralph pretended to ignore the mocking comments of his supposed friends, their sarcasm wounded him deeply.

Front 2005

sardonic

Back 2005

ADJ. /讽刺的/disdainful; sarcastic; cynical. The sardonic humor of nightclub comedians who satirize or ridicule patrons in the audience strikes some people as amusing and others as rude.

Front 2006

sartorial

Back 2006

ADJ. /裁缝的；缝纫机的；缝匠肌的/pertaining to tailors. He was as famous for the sartorial splendor of his attire as he was for his acting.

Front 2007

sate

Back 2007

V. /使心满意足；使过度满足；使腻/satisfy to the full; cloy. Its hunger sated. the lion dozed.

Front 2008

satellite

Back 2008

N. /卫星/small body revolving around a larger one. Dur?ing the first few years of the Space Age, hundreds of satel?lites were launched by Russia and the United States.

Front 2009

satiate

Back 2009

V. /完全满足/satisfy fully. Having stuffed themselves until they were satiated, the guests were so full they were ready for a nap.

Front 2010

satire

Back 2010

N. /讽刺的/form of literature in which irony, sarcasm, and ridicule are employed to attack vice and folly. Gulliver's Travels, which is regarded by many as a tale for children, is actually a bitter satire attacking man's folly.

Front 2011

satirical

Back 2011

ADJ. /嘲弄的/mocking. The humor of cartoonist Gary Trudeau often is satirical; through the comments of the Doonesbury characters, Trudeau ridicules political corrup?tion and folly.

Front 2012

saturate

Back 2012

V. /湿透/soak thoroughly. Saturate your sponge with water until it can't hold any more.

Front 2013

saturnine

Back 2013

ADJ. /阴郁的/gloomy. Do not be misled by his saturnine countenance; he is not as gloomy as he looks.

Front 2014

saunter

Back 2014

V. /漫步；闲逛/stroll slowly. As we sauntered through the park, we stopped frequently to admire the spring flowers.

Front 2015

savant

Back 2015

N. /专家，学者/scholar. Our faculty includes many world?famous savants.

Front 2016

savor

Back 2016

V. /有滋有味儿的；享受这种滋味/enjoy; have a distinctive flavor, smell, or quality. Relishing his triumph, the actor especially savored the cha?grin of the critics who had predicted his failure.

Front 2017

savory

Back 2017

ADJ. /有味道的；吸引人的/tasty; pleasing, attractive, or agreeable. Julia Child's recipes enable amateur chefs to create savory deli?cacies for their guests.

Front 2018

scabbard

Back 2018

N. /剑鞘/case for a sword blade; sheath. The drill mas?ter told the recruit to wipe the blood from his sword before slipping it back into the scabbard.

Front 2019

scad

Back 2019

N. /大批的，许多/a great quantity. Refusing Dave's offer to lend him a shirt, Phil replied, "No, thanks, I've got scads of clothes."

Front 2020

scaffold

Back 2020

N. /脚手架；绞刑架/temporary platform for workers; bracing frame?work; platform for execution. Before painting the house, the workers put up a scaffold to allow them to work on the sec?ond story.

Front 2021

scale

Back 2021

V. /爬升；升高/climb up; ascend. In order to locate a book on the top shelf of the stacks, Lee had to scale an exceptionally rickety ladder.

Front 2022

scamp

Back 2022

N. /流氓，无赖/rascal. Despite his mischievous behavior, Mal?colm was such an engaging scamp that his mother almost lacked the heart to punish him.

Front 2023

scanty

Back 2023

ADJ. /缺乏的；稀疏的/meager; insufficient. Thinking his helping of food was scanty, Oliver Twist asked for more.

Front 2024

scapegoat

Back 2024

N. /替罪羊/someone who bears the blame for others. After the Challenger disaster, NASA searched for scape?goats on whom they could cast the blame.

Front 2025

scavenge

Back 2025

V. /腐食；打扫/hunt through discarded materials for usable items; search, especially for food. If you need car parts that the dealers no longer stock, try scavenging for odd bits and pieces at the auto wreckers' yards. scavenger, N.

Front 2026

scenario

Back 2026

N. /情节；剧本大纲；（电影、歌剧）剧本/plot outline; screenplay; opera libretto. Scara?mouche startled the other actors in the commedia troupe when he suddenly departed from their customary scenario and began to improvise.

Front 2027

schematic

Back 2027

ADJ. /示例的；示意性的/relating to an outline or diagram; using a system of symbols. In working out the solution to this logic puzzle, you may find it helpful to construct a simple schematic diagram outlining the order of events.

Front 2028

schism

Back 2028

N. /分离/division; split. Let us not widen the schism by further bickering.

Front 2029

scintillate

Back 2029

V. /迸出火花；发出闪烁/sparkle; flash. I enjoy her dinner parties because the food is excellent and the conversation scintil?lates.

Front 2030

scoff

Back 2030

V. /嘲弄，奚落/mock; ridicule. He scoffed at dentists until he had his first toothache.

Front 2031

scourge

Back 2031

N. /鞭笞；蹂躏/lash; whip; severe punishment. They feared the plague and regarded it as a deadly scourge. alsoV.

Front 2032

scruple

Back 2032

V. /踌躇；忧郁/fret about; hesitate, for ethical reasons. Fearing that her husband had become involved in an affair, she did not scruple to read his diary. also N.

Front 2033

scrupulous

Back 2033

ADJ. /小心翼翼的；谨慎的/conscientious; extremely thorough. Though Alfred is scrupulous in fulfilling his duties at work, he is less conscientious about his obligations to his family and friends.

Front 2034

scrutinize

Back 2034

V. /明察/examine closely and critically. Searching for flaws, the sergeant scrutinized every detail of the private's uniform.

Front 2035

scuffle

Back 2035

V. /徘徊（思考问题）；混战/struggle confusedly; move off in a confused hurry. The twins briefly scuffled, wrestling to see which of them would get the toy. When their big brother yelled, "Let go of my Gameboy!" they scuffled off down the hall. scurrilous

Front 2036

scurry

Back 2036

V. /轻快的；活泼的移动/move briskly. The White Rabbit had to scurry to get to his appointment on time.

Front 2037

scurvy

Back 2037

ADJ. /下流的；卑鄙的，无理的；坏血病/despicable; contemptible. Peter Pan sneered at Captain Hook and his scurvy crew.

Front 2038

scuttle

Back 2038

V. /迈着碎步轻快的走/scurry; run with short, rapid steps. The bug scut?tled rapidly across the floor.

Front 2039

scuttle

Back 2039

V. /沉没/sink. The sailors decided to scuttle their vessel rather than surrender it to the enemy.

Front 2040

seamy

Back 2040

ADJ. /丑恶的；露出嘴脸的/sordid; unwholesome. In The Godfather, Michael Corleone is unwilling to expose his wife and chil?dren to the seamy side of his life as the son of a Mafia don. sear

Front 2041

seasoned

Back 2041

ADJ. /老练的/experienced. Though pleased with her new batch of rookies, the basketball coach wished she had a few more seasoned players on the team.

Front 2042

secession

Back 2042

N. /撤退；脱离/withdrawal. The secession of the Southern states provided Lincoln with his first major problem after his inauguration. secede,V.

Front 2043

seclusion

Back 2043

N. /隔离/isolation; solitude. One moment she loved crowds; the next, she sought seclusion. seclude,V.

Front 2044

secrete

Back 2044

V. /隐匿；藏匿；分泌/hide away; produce and release a substance into an organism. The pack rat secretes odds and ends in its nest; the pancreas secretes insulin in the islets of Langerhans. sect

Front 2045

sectarian

Back 2045

ADJ. /宗派主义的；地区主义的；宗派主义者；狭窄的/relating to a religious faction or subgroup; narrow-minded; limited. Far from being broad-minded, the religious leader was intolerant of new ideas, paying atten?tion only to purely sectarian interests. sect. N.

Front 2046

secular

Back 2046

ADJ. /世俗的；现世的；永久的/worldly; not pertaining to church matters; temporal. The church leaders decided not to interfere in secular matters.

Front 2047

sedate

Back 2047

ADJ. /安静的；稳重的；低沉的/composed; grave. The parents were worried because they felt their son was too quiet and sedate.

Front 2048

sedentary

Back 2048

ADJ. /久坐的；坐惯的/requiring sitting. Disliking the effect of her sedentary occupation on her figure, Stacy decided to work out at the gym every other day.

Front 2049

sedition

Back 2049

N. /抵抗当局；反抗；暴动/resistance to authority; insubordination. His words, though not treasonous in themselves, were calcu?lated to arouse thoughts of sedition.

Front 2050

sedulous

Back 2050

ADJ. /勤奋的；勤勤恳恳的/diligent; hardworking. After weeks of patient and sedulous labor, we completed our detailed analysis of every published SAT examination.

Front 2051

seedy

Back 2051

ADJ. /破烂不堪的；褴褛的；不合适的/run-down; decrepit; disreputable. I would rather stay in dormitory lodgings in a decent youth hostel than have a room of my own in a seedy downtown hotel.

Front 2052

seemly

Back 2052

ADJ. /适宜的，合适的/proper; appropriate. Lady Bracknell did not think it was seemly for Ernest to lack a proper family: no baby abandoned on a doorstep could grow up to be a fit match for her daughter.

Front 2053

seep

Back 2053

V. /渗出；渗漏/ooze; trickle. During the rainstorm, water seeped through the crack in the basement wall and damaged the floor boards. seepage, N.

Front 2054

seethe

Back 2054

V. /扰乱的；沸腾/be disturbed; boil. The nation was seething with discontent as the noblemen continued their arrogant ways.

Front 2055

seismic

Back 2055

ADJ. /地震的/pertaining to earthquakes. The Richter scale is a measurement of seismic disturbances.

Front 2056

seminary

Back 2056

N. /神学院；学院；发祥地/school for training future ministers; academy for young women. Sure of his priestly vocation, Terrence planned to pursue his theological training at the local Roman Catholic seminary.

Front 2057

sensual

Back 2057

ADJ. /感官的；肉欲的；感官论的/devoted to the pleasures of the senses; car?nal; voluptuous. I cannot understand what caused him to abandon his sensual way of life and become so ascetic.

Front 2058

sententious

Back 2058

ADJ. /简洁的；警句式的，格言式的/terse; concise; aphoristic. After reading so many redundant speeches, I find his sententious style particularly pleasing.

Front 2059

sentinel

Back 2059

N. /哨兵/sentry; lookout. Though camped in enemy terri?tory, Bledsoe ignored the elementary precaution of posting sentinels around the encampment.

Front 2060

sequester

Back 2060

V. /隐退；隔离/isolate; retire from public life; segregate; seclude. Banished from his kingdom, the wizard Prospero sequestered himself on a desert island. To prevent the jurors from hearing news broadcasts about the case, the judge decided to sequester the jury.

Front 2061

serendipity

Back 2061

N. /有发现意外之财的运气/gift for finding valuable or desirable things by accident; accidental good fortune or luck. Many scien?tific discoveries are a matter of serendipity. Newton was not sitting under a tree thinking about gravity when the apple dropped on his head.

Front 2062

serenity

Back 2062

N. /平静/calmness; placidity. The sound of air raid sirens pierced the serenity of the quiet village of Pearl Harbor. serpentine

Front 2063

serrated

Back 2063

ADJ. /锯齿状的/having a sawtoothed edge. The beech tree is one of many plants that have serrated leaves.

Front 2064

servile

Back 2064

ADJ. /奴隶的；奴性的/slavish; cringing. Constantly fawning on his employer, humble Uriah Heap was a servile creature.

Front 2065

servitude

Back 2065

N. /奴隶身份；苦工/slavery; compulsory labor. Born a slave, Fred?erick Douglass resented his life of servitude and plotted to escape to the North.

Front 2066

sever

Back 2066

V. /切断/cut; separate. The released prisoner wanted to begin a new life and sever all connections with his criminal past. Dr. Guillotin invented a machine that could neatly sever an aristocratic head from its equally aristocratic body. Unfortu?nately, he couldn't collect any severance pay. severance, N.

Front 2067

severity

Back 2067

N. /严肃；严格；激烈/harshness; intensity; sternness; austerity. The severity of Jane's migraine attack was so great that she took to her bed for a week.

Front 2068

shackle

Back 2068

V. /手铐；枷锁；脚镣/chain; fetter. The criminal's ankles were shack?led to prevent his escape. also N.

Front 2069

sham

Back 2069

V. /佯装；假的；赝品/pretend. He shammed sickness to get out of going to school. also N.

Front 2070

shambles

Back 2070

N. /混乱的地方；肉铺/wreck; mess. After the hurricane, the Car?olina coast was a shambles. After the New Year's Eve party, the apartment was a shambles.

Front 2071

shard

Back 2071

N. /碎片（陶瓷的）/fragment, generally of pottery. The archaeologist assigned several students the task of reassembling earth?enware vessels from the shards he had brought back from the expedition.

Front 2072

sheaf

Back 2072

N. /捆；扎（秸秆）/bundle of stalks of grain; any bundle of things tied together. The lawyer picked up a sheaf of papers as he rose to question the witness.

Front 2073

shear

Back 2073

V. /剪；修剪/cut or clip (hair, fleece); strip of something. You may not care to cut a sheep's hair, but Sarah shears sheep for Little Bo Peep.

Front 2074

sheathe

Back 2074

V. /插入鞘/place into a case. As soon as he recognized the approaching men, he sheathed his dagger and hailed them as friends.

Front 2075

sheer

Back 2075

ADJ. /纯粹的,，绝对的；透明的；峻峭的；避开，躲避；偏航，避开/very thin or transparent; very steep; absolute. Wearing nothing but an almost sheer robe, Delilah draped herself against the sheer temple wall. Beholding her, Sam?son was overcome by her sheer beauty. Then she sheared his hair.

Front 2076

shimmer

Back 2076

V. /微光/glimmer intermittently. The moonlight shim?mered on the water as the moon broke through the clouds for a moment. also N.

Front 2077

shirk

Back 2077

V. /逃避，推卸；避免/avoid (responsibility, work, etc.); malinger. Brian has a strong sense of duty; he would never shirk any responsibility.

Front 2078

shoddy

Back 2078

ADJ. /以次充好的；赝品/sham; not genuine; inferior. You will never get the public to buy such shoddy material.

Front 2079

shrewd

Back 2079

ADJ. /精明；敏锐/clever; astute. A shrewd investor, he took clever advantage of the fluctuations of the stock market.

Front 2080

shroud

Back 2080

V. /裹尸；隐藏/hide from view; wrap for burial. Fog shrouded Dracula's castle, hiding the ruined tower beneath sheets of mist.

Front 2081

shun

Back 2081

V. /避免/keep away from. Cherishing his solitude, the recluse shunned the company of other human beings.

Front 2082

shyster

Back 2082

N. /讼棍；政界的奸诈之徒/lawyer using questionable methods. On L.A. Law, Brackman is horrified to learn that his newly-discov?ered half brother is nothing but a cheap shyster.

Front 2083

sibling

Back 2083

N. /兄弟姐妹/brother or sister. We may not enjoy being sib?lings, but we cannot forget that we still belong to the same family.

Front 2084

simian

Back 2084

ADJ. /像猴的/monkeylike. Lemurs are nocturnal mammals and have many simian characteristics, although they are less intelligent than monkeys.

Front 2085

simile

Back 2085

N. /明喻；比较/comparison of one thing with another, using the word like or as. "My love is like a red, red rose" is a simile.

Front 2086

simper

Back 2086

V. /痴笑；傻笑/smirk; smile affectedly. Complimented on her appearance, Stella self-consciously simpered.

Front 2087

Simplistic

Back 2087

ADJ. /过分单纯化的/oversimplified. Though Jack's solution dealt adequately with one aspect of the problem, it was simplistic in failing to consider various complications that might arise.

Front 2088

simulate

Back 2088

V. /模仿；冒充/feign. He simulated insanity in order to avoid punishment for his crime.

Front 2089

sinecure

Back 2089

N. /闲职，报纸茶水的工作/well-paid position with little responsibility. My job is no sinecure; I work long hours and have much responsibility.

Front 2090

sinewy

Back 2090

ADJ. /结实；硬朗的/tough; strong and firm. The steak was too sinewy to chew.

Front 2091

singular

Back 2091

ADJ. /奇的；独一无二的/unique; extraordinary; odd. Though the young man tried to understand Father William's singular behavior, he still found it odd that the old man incessantly stood on his head. singularity, N.

Front 2092

sinister

Back 2092

ADJ. /邪恶的/evil. We must defeat the sinister forces that seek our downfall.

Front 2093

sinuous

Back 2093

ADJ. /蜿蜒的；弯曲复杂的；不老实的/winding; bending in and out; not morally hon?est. The snake moved in a sinuous manner.

Front 2094

skeptic

Back 2094

N. /怀疑论者/doubter; person who suspends judgment until the evidence supporting a point of view has been exam?ined. I am a skeptic about the new health plan; I want some proof that it can work. skepticism, N.

Front 2095

skiff

Back 2095

N. /小船/small, light sailboat or rowboat. Tom dreamed of owning an ocean-going yacht but had to settle for a skiff he could sail in the bay.

Front 2096

skimp

Back 2096

V. /节约的使用/provide scantily; live very economically. They were forced to skimp on necessities in order to make their limited supplies last the winter.

Front 2097

skinflint

Back 2097

N. /守财奴；吝啬鬼/stingy person; miser. Scrooge was an ungener?ous old skinflint until he reformed his ways and became a notable philanthropist.

Front 2098

skirmish

Back 2098

N. /小规模战争；小打小闹/minor fight. Custer's troops expected they might run into a skirmish or two on maneuvers; they did not expect to face a major battle. alsoV.

Front 2099

skulk

Back 2099

V. /偷懒；偷偷的移动/move furtively and secretly. He skulked through the less fashionable sections of the city in order to avoid meeting any of his former friends.

Front 2100

slacken

Back 2100

V. /放松；放慢/slow up; loosen. As they passed the finish line, the runners slackened their pace.

Front 2101

slag

Back 2101

N. /矿渣；炉渣；渣滓/residue from smelting metal; dross; waste matter. The blast furnace had a special opening at the bottom to allow the workers to remove the worthless slag.

Front 2102

slake

Back 2102

V. /结束；平息；消除；伺候舒服/quench; sate. When we reached the oasis, we were able to slake our thirst.

Front 2103

slander

Back 2103

N. /诽谤/defamation; utterance of false and malicious statements. Considering the negative comments politicians make about each other, it's a wonder that more of them aren't sued for slander. alsoV.

Front 2104

slapdash

Back 2104

ADJ. /匆促的/haphazard; careless; sloppy. From the number of typos and misspellings I've found in it, it's clear that Mario proofread the report in a remarkably slapdash fashion.

Front 2105

sleeper

Back 2105

N. /睡眠；卧铺；枕木；冬眠的动物/something originally of little value or importance that in time becomes very valuable. Unnoticed by the critics at its publication, the eventual Pulitzer Prize winner was a classic sleeper.

Front 2106

sleight

Back 2106

N. /灵巧的/dexterity. The magician amazed the audience with his sleight of hand.

Front 2107

slight

Back 2107

N. /怠慢；斥责；侮辱/insult to one's dignity; snub. Hypersensitive and ready to take offense at any discourtesy, Bertha was always on the lookout for real or imaginary slights. alsoV.

Front 2108

slipshod

Back 2108

ADJ. /邋遢的；慢吞吞的；漫不经心的/untidy or slovenly; shabby. As a master craftsman, the carpenter prided himself on not doing slip?shod work.

Front 2109

slither

Back 2109

V. /滑动/slip or slide. During the recent ice storm, many people slithered down this hill as they walked to the station.

Front 2110

slothful

Back 2110

ADJ. /懒的/lazy. Lying idly on the sofa while others worked, Reggie denied he was slothful: "I just supervise better lying down."

Front 2111

slough

Back 2111

V. /脱落；蜕皮/cast off. Each spring, the snake sloughs off its skin.

Front 2112

slovenly

Back 2112

ADJ. /邋遢的；漫不经心的/untidy; careless in work habits. Unshaven, sitting around in his bathrobe all afternoon, Gus didn't seem to care about the slovenly appearance he presented. The dark ring around the bathtub and the spider webs hanging from the beams proved what a slovenly housekeeper she was.

Front 2113

sluggard

Back 2113

N. /懒人/lazy person. "You are a sluggard, a drone, a parasite," the angry father shouted at his lazy son.

Front 2114

sluggish

Back 2114

ADJ. /行动迟缓的/Slow; lazy; lethargic. After two nights without sleep, she felt sluggish and incapable of exertion.

Front 2115

slur

Back 2115

V. /模糊不清的说/speak indistinctly; mumble. When Sol has too much to drink, he starts to slur his words: "Washamatter? Cansh you undershtand what I shay?"

Front 2116

slur

Back 2116

N. /诽谤；侮辱/insult to one's character or reputation; slander. Polls revealed that the front-runner's standing had been badly damaged by the slurs and innuendoes circulated by his opponent's staff. also

Front 2117

smelt

Back 2117

V. /冶炼；精炼/melt or blend ores, changing their chemical com?position. The furnaceman smelts tin with copper to create a special alloy used in making bells.

Front 2118

smirk

Back 2118

N. /傻笑/conceited smile. Wipe that smirk off your face! alsoV.

Front 2119

smolder

Back 2119

V. /闷烧；随时准备爆发/burn without flame; be liable to break out at any moment. The rags smoldered for hours before they burst into flame.

Front 2120

snicker

Back 2120

N. /窃笑/half-stifled laugh. The boy could not suppress a snicker when the teacher sat on the tack. alsoV.

Front 2121

snivel

Back 2121

V. /流鼻涕；啜泣；鼻子一把泪一把/run at the nose; snuffle; whine. Don't you come sniveling to me complaining about your big brother. sobriety

Front 2122

sodden

Back 2122

ADJ. /湿透的/soaked; dull, as if from drink. He set his sod?den overcoat near the radiator to dry.

Front 2123

sojourn

Back 2123

N. /逗留/temporary stay. After his sojourn in Florida, he began to long for the colder climate of his native New Eng?land home.

Front 2124

solace

Back 2124

N. /安慰/comfort in trouble. I hope you will find solace in the thought that all of us share your loss.

Front 2125

solder

Back 2125

V. /焊接/repair or make whole by using a metal alloy. The plumber fixed the leak in the pipes by soldering a couple of joints from which water had been oozing.

Front 2126

solecism

Back 2126

N. /语法错误；谬误/construction that is flagrantly incorrect gram?matically. I must give this paper a failing mark because it contains many solecisms.

Front 2127

solemnity

Back 2127

N. /严肃的；一本正经的/seriousness; gravity. The minister was con?cerned that nothing should disturb the solemnity of the mar?riage service. solemn,ADJ.

Front 2128

solicit

Back 2128

V. /恳求/request earnestly; seek. Knowing she needed to have a solid majority for the budget to pass, the mayor tele?phoned all the members of the city council to solicit their votes.

Front 2129

solicitous

Back 2129

ADJ. /担心的；关切的；期望的/worried; concerned. The employer was very solicitous about the health of her employees as replace?ments were difficult to get.

Front 2130

soliloquy

Back 2130

N. /自言自语；独白/talking to oneself. The soliloquy is a device used by the dramatist to reveal a character's innermost thoughts and emotions.

Front 2131

solitude

Back 2131

N. /独身/state of being alone; seclusion. Much depends on how much you like your own company. What to one per?son seems fearful isolation to another is blessed solitude.

Front 2132

soluble

Back 2132

ADJ. /可溶解的；可解决的/able to be dissolved; able to be explained. Sugar is soluble in water; put a sugar cube in water and it will quickly dissolve.

Front 2133

solvent

Back 2133

ADJ. /有偿付能力的/able to pay all debts. By dint of very frugal liv?ing, he was finally able to become solvent and avoid bank?ruptcy proceedings.

Front 2134

somber

Back 2134

ADJ. /阴森的；昏暗的；抑郁的/gloomy; depressing; dark; drab. From the doctor's grim expression, I could tell he had somber news. Dull brown and charcoal gray are pretty somber colors; can't you wear something bright?

Front 2135

somnambulist

Back 2135

N. /梦游症患者/sleepwalker. The most famous somnam?bulist in literature is Lady Macbeth; her monologue in the sleepwalking scene is one of the highlights of Shake?speare's play.

Front 2136

somnolent

Back 2136

ADJ. /催眠的；半睡半醒的/half asleep. The heavy meal and the over?heated room made us all somnolent and indifferent to the speaker.

Front 2137

sonorous

Back 2137

ADJ. /醒目的/resonant. His sonorous voice resounded through the hall.

Front 2138

sophisticated

Back 2138

ADJ. /世故的；复杂的/worldly-wise and urbane; complex. When Sophie makes wisecracks, she thinks she sounds sophisticated, but instead she sounds sophomoric. The new IBM laptop with the butterfly keyboard and the built-in quadspeed FAX modem is a pretty sophisticated machine.

Front 2139

sophistry

Back 2139

N. /似真实假的/seemingly plausible but fallacious reasoning. Instead of advancing valid arguments, he tried to over?whelm his audience with a flood of sophistries.

Front 2140

sophomoric

Back 2140

ADJ. /一知半解的；不成熟的/immature; half-baked, like a sophomore. Even if you're only a freshman, it's no compliment to be told your humor is sophomoric. The humor in Dumb and Dumber is sophomoric at best.

Front 2141

soporific

Back 2141

ADJ. /催眠的/sleep-causing; marked by sleepiness. Pro?fessor Pringle's lectures were so soporific that even he fell asleep in class. also N.

Front 2142

sordid

Back 2142

ADJ. /肮脏；卑鄙/filthy; base; vile. The social worker was angered by the sordid housing provided for the homeless.

Front 2143

sovereign

Back 2143

ADJ. /君主的；至高无上的/efficacious; supreme or paramount; self?governing. Professor Pennywhistle claimed his panacea was a sovereign cure for all chronic complaints. In medi?cine the sovereign task of the doctor is to do no harm. Rebelling against the mother country, the onetime colony now proclaimed itself a sovereign state. also N.

Front 2144

spangle

Back 2144

N. /衣服上亮晶晶的小金属饰件/small metallic piece sewn to clothing for orna?mentation. The thousands of spangles on her dress sparkled in the glare of the stage lights.

Front 2145

sparse

Back 2145

ADJ. /稀少的；稀疏的/not thick; thinly scattered; scanty. No matter how carefully Albert combed his hair to make it look as full as possible, it still looked sparse.

Front 2146

spartan

Back 2146

ADJ. /刚毅的；朴素的；纪律严格的；斯巴达的/avoiding luxury and comfort; sternly disci?plined. Looking over the bare, unheated room, with its hard cot, he wondered what he was doing in such spartan quar?ters. Only his spartan sense of duty kept him at his post.

Front 2147

spasmodic

Back 2147

ADJ. /断断续续的；间歇的/fitful; periodic. The spasmodic coughing in the auditorium annoyed the performers.

Front 2148

spat

Back 2148

N. /争论；口角；扇巴掌/squabble; minor dispute. What had started out as a mere spat escalated into a full-blown argument.

Front 2149

spate

Back 2149

N. /爆发；大洪水；一大群的/sudden flood or strong outburst; a large number or amount. After the spate of angry words that came pour?ing out of him, Mary was sure they would never be recon?ciled.

Front 2150

spatial

Back 2150

ADJ. /空间的/relating to space. NASA is engaged in an ongoing program of spatial exploration. When Jay says he's studying spatial relations, that doesn't mean he has rela?tives in outer space.

Front 2151

spatula

Back 2151

N. /压舌板；抹刀；批灰刀/broad-bladed instrument used for spreading or mixing. The manufacturers of this frying pan recommend the use of a rubber spatula to avoid scratching the specially treated surface.

Front 2152

spawn

Back 2152

V. /孵化；下蛋/lay eggs. Fish ladders had to be built in the dams to assist the salmon returning to spawn in their native streams. also N.

Front 2153

specious

Back 2153

ADJ. /似是而非的/seemingly reasonable but incorrect; mis?leading (often intentionally). To claim that, because houses and birds both have wings, both can fly, is extremely spe?cious reasoning.

Front 2154

spectrum

Back 2154

N. /光谱/colored band produced when beam of light passes through a prism. The visible portion of the spectrum includes red at one end and violet at the other.

Front 2155

spendthrift

Back 2155

N. /挥霍的人/someone who wastes money. Easy access to credit encourages people to turn into spendthrifts who shop till they drop.

Front 2156

sphinx-like

Back 2156

ADJ. /谜的/enigmatic; mysterious. The Mona Lisa's sphinx-like expression has intrigued and mystified art lovers for centuries.

Front 2157

splice

Back 2157

V. /绑定的；联合的/fasten together; unite. Before you splice two strips of tape together, be sure to line them up evenly. also N.

Front 2158

spontaneity

Back 2158

N. /自发的；自然的；无预谋的/lack of premeditation; naturalness; freedom from constraint. When Anne and Amy met, Amy impulsively hugged her new colleague, but Anne drew back, unpre?pared for such spontaneity. The cast over-rehearsed the play so much that the eventual performance lacked any spontaneity. spontaneous,ADJ.

Front 2159

sporadic

Back 2159

ADJ. /零星的/occurring irregularly. Although you can still hear sporadic outbursts of laughter and singing outside, the big Halloween parade has passed; the party's over till next year.

Front 2160

sportive

Back 2160

ADJ. /嬉戏的；玩闹的/playful. Such a sportive attitude is surprising in a person as serious as you usually are.

Front 2161

spry

Back 2161

ADJ. /充满生气的；活泼的；敏捷的/vigorously active; nimble. She was eighty years old, yet still spry and alert.

Front 2162

spurious

Back 2162

ADJ. /伪造的，欺骗的/false; counterfeit; forged; illogical. The antique dealer hero of Jonathan Gash's mystery novels gives the reader tips on how to tell spurious antiques from the real thing. Natasha's claim to be the lost heir of the Romanoffs was spurious: the only thing Russian about her was the vodka she drank!

Front 2163

spurn

Back 2163

V. /放弃；拒绝/reject; scorn. The heroine spurned the villain's advances.

Front 2164

squabble

Back 2164

N. /争吵/minor quarrel; bickering. Children invariably get involved in petty squabbles; wise parents know when to interfere and when to let the children work things out on their own.

Front 2165

squalor

Back 2165

N. /肮脏；悲惨；贫穷/filth; degradation; dirty, neglected state. Rusted, broken-down cars in its yard, trash piled up on the porch, tar paper peeling from the roof, the shack was the picture of squalor. squalid,ADJ.

Front 2166

squander

Back 2166

V. /浪费/waste. If you squander your allowance on candy and comic books, you won't have any money left to buy the new box of crayons you want.

Front 2167

squat

Back 2167

ADJ. /矮壮的；又短又厚的；蹲着的/stocky; short and thick. Tolkien's hobbits are somewhat squat, sturdy little creatures, fond of good ale, good music, and good mushrooms.

Front 2168

staccato

Back 2168

ADJ. /断奏；断唱/played in an abrupt manner; marked by abrupt sharp sound. His staccato speech reminded one of the sound of a machine gun.

Front 2169

stagnant

Back 2169

ADJ. /静止的；单调的/motionless; stale; dull. Mosquitoes com?monly breed in ponds of stagnant water. Mike's career was stagnant; it wasn't going anywhere, and neither was he! stagnate,V.

Front 2170

staid

Back 2170

ADJ. /沉静的；安静的/sober; sedate. Her conduct during the funeral ceremony was staid and solemn.

Front 2171

stalemate

Back 2171

N. /僵局/deadlock. Negotiations between the union and the employers have reached a stalemate; neither side is willing to budge from previously stated positions.

Front 2172

stalwart

Back 2172

ADJ. /坚定的；强壮的/strong, brawny; steadfast. His consistent support of the party has proved that he is a stalwart and loyal member. also N.

Front 2173

stamina

Back 2173

N. /毅力；意志力/strength; staying power. I doubt that she has the stamina to run the full distance of the marathon race.

Front 2174

stanch

Back 2174

V. /止血；血流变检测/check flow of blood. It is imperative that we stanch the gushing wound before we attend to the other injuries.

Front 2175

stanza

Back 2175

N. /节；段落（诗的）；盘（棋的）/division of a poem. Do you know the last stanza of "The Star-Spangled Banner"?

Front 2176

static

Back 2176

ADJ. /静态的/unchanging; lacking development. Why watch chess on TV? I like watching a game with action, not some?thing static where nothing seems to be going on.

Front 2177

statute

Back 2177

N. /法令；条例/law enacted by the legislature. The statute of limitations sets the limits on how long you have to take legal action in specific cases.

Front 2178

steadfast

Back 2178

ADJ. /坚定的；不渝的；忠诚的/loyal; unswerving. Penelope was steadfast in her affections, faithfully waiting for Ulysses to return from his wanderings.

Front 2179

stealth

Back 2179

N. /隐秘；隐藏；隐蔽行动/slyness; sneakiness; secretiveness. Fearing detection by the sentries on duty, the scout inched his way toward the enemy camp with great stealth.

Front 2180

steep

Back 2180

V. /浸泡，弄湿；陡坡；悬崖/soak; saturate. Be sure to steep the fabric in the dyebath for the full time prescribed.

Front 2181

stellar

Back 2181

ADJ. /星体的；恒星的/pertaining to the stars. He was the stellar attraction of the entire performance.

Front 2182

stem

Back 2182

V. /制止流出/check the flow. The paramedic used a tourniquet to stem the bleeding from the slashed artery.

Front 2183

stem from

Back 2183

V. /起因于/arise from. Milton's problems in school stemmed from his poor study habits.

Front 2184

stereotype

Back 2184

N. /老套；一成不变；铅版/fixed and unvarying representation; stan?dardized mental picture, often reflecting prejudice. Critics object to the character of Jim in The Adventures of Huckle?berry Finn because he seems to reflect the stereotype of the happy, ignorant slave.

Front 2185

stifle

Back 2185

V. /使窒息；扑灭/suppress; extinguish; inhibit. Halfway through the boring lecture, Laura gave up trying to stifle her yawns.

Front 2186

stigma

Back 2186

N. /耻辱；耻辱的标记；柱头；气门/token of disgrace; brand. I do not attach any stigma to the fact that you were accused of this crime; the fact that you were acquitted clears you completely.

Front 2187

stigmatize

Back 2187

V. /打烙印；污蔑/brand; mark as wicked. I do not want to stig?matize this young offender for life by sending her to prison.

Front 2188

stilted

Back 2188

ADJ. /夸大的；充气的；虚胖的；踩高跷的/bombastic; inflated. His stilted rhetoric did not impress the college audience; they were immune to bom?bastic utterances.

Front 2189

stint

Back 2189

N. /供应；分配；限量分配/supply; allotted amount; assigned portion of work. He performed his daily stint cheerfully and willingly. alsoV.

Front 2190

stint

Back 2190

V. /紧缩，节省/be thrifty; set limits. "Spare no expense," the bride's father said, refusing to stint on the wedding arrange?ments.

Front 2191

stipend

Back 2191

N. /薪金；津贴/pay for services. There is a nominal stipend for this position.

Front 2192

stipulate

Back 2192

V. /规定；明细化/make express conditions; specify. Before agreeing to reduce American military forces in Europe, the president stipulated that NATO inspection teams be allowed to inspect Soviet bases.

Front 2193

stodgy

Back 2193

ADJ. /乏味的；保守的/stuffy; boringly conservative. For a young per?son, Winston seems remarkably stodgy: you'd expect someone his age to show a little more life.

Front 2194

Stoic

Back 2194

ADJ. impassive; unmoved by joy or grief. I wasn't par?ticularly stoic when I had my flu shot; I squealed like a stuck pig. also N.

Front 2195

stoke

Back 2195

V. /填饱；司炉/stir up a fire; feed plentifully. As a Scout Marisa learned how to light a fire, how to stoke it if it started to die down, and how to extinguish it completely.

Front 2196

stolid

Back 2196

ADJ. /乏味的；单调的；冷漠的/dull; impassive. The earthquake shattered Stu?art's usual stolid demeanor; trembling, he crouched on the no longer stable ground.

Front 2197

stratagem

Back 2197

N. /计谋；战略/deceptive scheme. We saw through his clever stratagem.

Front 2198

stratify

Back 2198

V. /分门别类；分类；分层/divide into classes; be arranged into strata. As the economic gap between the rich and the poor increased, Roman society grew increasingly stratified.

Front 2199

stratum

Back 2199

N. /地层；社会阶层/layer of earth's surface; layer of society. Unless we alleviate conditions in the lowest stratum of our society, we may expect grumbling and revolt.

Front 2200

strew

Back 2200

V. /散开；随意散开；散播/spread randomly; sprinkle; scatter. Preceding the bride to the altar, the flower girl will strew rose petals along the aisle.

Front 2201

striated

Back 2201

ADJ. /有细条纹的/marked with parallel bands; grooved. The glacier left many striated rocks. striate,V.

Front 2202

stricture

Back 2202

N. /责难；非难；限制/restriction; adverse criticism. Huck regularly disobeyed Miss Watson's rules and strictures upon his behavior: he wouldn't wear shoes, no matter what she said.

Front 2203

strident

Back 2203

ADJ. /刺耳的；尖锐的；坚持不懈的/loud and harsh; insistent. Whenever Sue became angry, she tried not to raise her voice; she had no desire to appear strident.

Front 2204

stringent

Back 2204

ADJ. /严厉的；迫切的/binding; rigid. I think these regulations are too stringent.

Front 2205

strut

Back 2205

N. /大摇大摆；高视阔步/pompous walk; swagger. Looking at his self?important strut as he swaggered about the parade ground, I could tell Colonel Blimp thought highly of himself. alsoV.

Front 2206

strut

Back 2206

N. /支柱/supporting bar. The engineer calculated that the strut supporting the rafter needed to be reinforced. (sec?ondary meaning)

Front 2207

studied

Back 2207

ADJ. /有计划的；故意的；有想法的/not spontaneous; deliberate; thoughtful. Given Jill's previous slights, Jack felt that the omission of his name from the guest list was a studied insult.

Front 2208

stultify

Back 2208

V. /使徒劳；使显得愚笨；拆台，办难堪/cause to appear or become stupid or inconsis?tent; frustrate or hinder. His long hours in the blacking fac?tory left young Dickens numb and incurious, as if the menial labor had stultified his brain.

Front 2209

stupefy

Back 2209

V. /使麻木；使大吃一惊/make numb; stun; amaze. Disapproving of drugs in general, Laura refused to take sleeping pills or any other medicine that might stupefy her. stupefaction, N.

Front 2210

stupor

Back 2210

N. /冷漠；漠不关心/state of apathy; daze; lack of awareness. In his stupor, the addict was unaware of the events taking place around him.

Front 2211

stymie

Back 2211

V. /从中作梗；桩子；障碍物/present an obstacle; stump. The detective was stymied by the contradictory evidence in the robbery inves?tigation. also N.

Front 2212

suavity

Back 2212

N. /柔和；愉快；温和/banity; polish. The elegant actor is particularly good in roles that require suavity and sophistication.

Front 2213

subdued

Back 2213

ADJ. /屈服的；柔和的；减弱的/less intense; quieter. Bob liked the subdued lighting at the restaurant because he thought it was roman?tic. I just thought it was dimly lit.

Front 2214

subjective

Back 2214

ADJ. /主观的；个人的/occurring or taking place within the subject; unreal. Your analysis is highly subjective; you have permit?ted your emotions and your opinions to color your thinking.

Front 2215

subjugate

Back 2215

V. /征服/conquer; bring under control. It is not our aim to subjugate our foe; we are interested only in establishing peaceful relations.

Front 2216

sublime

Back 2216

ADJ. /庄严的；崇高的；壮观的/exalted or noble and uplifting; utter. Lucy was in awe of Desi's sublime musicianship, while he was in awe of her sublime naiveté.

Front 2217

subliminal

Back 2217

ADJ. /低于极限的；下意识的/below the threshold. We may not be aware of the subliminal influences that affect our thinking.

Front 2218

submissive

Back 2218

ADJ. /屈服的；胆怯的/yielding; timid. When he refused to permit Elizabeth to marry her poet, Mr. Barrett expected her to be properly submissive; instead, she eloped!

Front 2219

subordinate

Back 2219

ADJ. /低级的；下级的；次要的/occupying a lower rank; inferior; submis?sive. Bishop Proudie's wife expected all the subordinate clergy to behave with great deference to the wife of their superior.

Front 2220

suborn

Back 2220

V. /教唆/persuade to act unlawfully (especially to commit perjury). In The Godfather, the mobsters used bribery and threats to suborn the witnesses against Don Michael Cor?leone.

Front 2221

subpoena

Back 2221

N. /传票/writ summoning a witness to appear. The prosecutor's office was ready to serve a subpoena on the reluctant witness. alsoV.

Front 2222

subsequent

Back 2222

ADJ. /后来的；接下来的/following; later. In subsequent lessons, we shall take up more difficult problems.

Front 2223

subservient

Back 2223

ADJ. /奴隶似的；奴性的/behaving like a slave; servile; obse?quious. He was proud and dignified; he refused to be sub?servient to anyone.

Front 2224

subside

Back 2224

V. /下沉；平息；减退/settle down; descend; grow quiet. The doctor assured us that the fever would eventually subside.

Front 2225

subsidiary

Back 2225

ADJ. /次要的；辅助的/subordinate; secondary. This information may be used as subsidiary evidence but is not sufficient by itself to prove your argument. also N.

Front 2226

subsidy

Back 2226

N. /政府的补助/direct financial aid by government, etc. Without this subsidy, American ship operators would not be able to compete in world markets.

Front 2227

subsistence

Back 2227

N. /存在；生存/existence; means of support; livelihood. In these days of inflated prices, my salary provides a mere subsistence.

Front 2228

substantial

Back 2228

ADJ. /坚实的；充实的/ample; solid; in essentials. The generous scholarship represented a substantial sum of money.

Front 2229

substantiate

Back 2229

V. /证实；验证/establish by evidence; verify; support. These endorsements from satisfied customers substantiate our claim that Barron's How to Prepare for the SAT I is the best SAT-prep book on the market.

Front 2230

substantive

Back 2230

ADJ. /真实的；有实质的；大量的/essential; pertaining to the substance. Although the delegates were aware of the importance of the problem, they could not agree on the substantive issues.

Front 2231

subterfuge

Back 2231

N. /借口；托辞/pretense; evasion. As soon as we realized that you had won our support by a subterfuge, we withdrew our endorsement of your candidacy.

Front 2232

subtlety

Back 2232

N. /精明；稀薄；微妙/perceptiveness; ingenuity; delicacy. Never obvious, she expressed herself with such subtlety that her remarks went right over the heads of most of her audience. subtle,ADJ.

Front 2233

subversive

Back 2233

ADJ. /颠覆性的；破坏性的/tending to overthrow; destructive. At first glance, the notion that styrofoam cups may actually be more ecologically sound than paper cups strikes most envi-ronmentalists as subversive.

Front 2234

succinct

Back 2234

ADJ. /简洁的；紧身的/brief; terse; compact. Don't bore your audi ence with excess verbiage: be succinct.

Front 2235

succor

Back 2235

V. /救援；援助/aid; assist; comfort. If you believe that con man has come here to succor you in your hour of need, you're an even bigger sucker than I thought. also N.

Front 2236

succulent

Back 2236

ADJ. /多汁的/juicy; full of richness. To some people, Florida citrus fruits are more succulent than those from Cali?fornia. also N.

Front 2237

succumb

Back 2237

V. /屈服；屈从；死/yield; give in; die. I succumb to temptation whenever I see chocolate.

Front 2238

suffragist

Back 2238

N. /扩大参政权；扩大妇女参政权/advocate of voting rights (for women). In recognition of her efforts to win the vote for women, Con?gress authorized coining a silver dollar honoring the suf-fragistSusan B. Anthony

Front 2239

sully

Back 2239

V. /弄脏；玷污/tarnish; soil. He felt that it was beneath his dignity to sully his hands in such menial labor.

Front 2240

sultry

Back 2240

ADJ. /闷热的，酷热的；放荡的；粗暴的/sweltering. He could not adjust himself to the sultryclimate of the tropics.

Front 2241

summation

Back 2241

N. /结算；累计；总结/act of finding the total; summary. In his summation, the lawyer emphasized the testimony given by the two witnesses.

Front 2242

summit

Back 2242

N. /巅峰；顶点/utmost height or pinnacle; highest point (of a mountain, etc.) The summit of the amateur mountain climber's aspirations was someday to reach the summit of Mount Everest.

Front 2243

sumptuous

Back 2243

ADJ. /奢侈的；华丽的/lavish; rich. I cannot recall when I have had such a sumptuous Thanksgiving feast.

Front 2244

sunder

Back 2244

V. /分裂/separate; part. Northern and southern Ireland are politically and religiously sundered.

Front 2245

supercilious

Back 2245

ADJ. /自大的；傲慢的/arrogant; condescending; patronizing. The supercilious headwaiter sneered at customers whom he thought did not fit in at a restaurant catering to an ultra-fashionable crowd.

Front 2246

superficial

Back 2246

ADJ. /肤浅的；浅薄的/trivial; shallow. Since your report gave only a superficial analysis of the problem, I cannot give you more than a passing grade.

Front 2247

superfluous

Back 2247

ADJ. /不必要的；多余的/unnecessary; excessive; overabundant. Betsy lacked the heart to tell June that the wedding present she brought was superfluous; she and Bob had already received five toasters. Please try not to include so many superfluous details in your report; just give me the facts. superfluity, N.

Front 2248

superimpose

Back 2248

V. /添加/place over something else. Your attempt to superimpose another agency in this field will merely increase the bureaucratic nature of our government.

Front 2249

supersede

Back 2249

V. /取代；推迟/cause to be set aside; replace; make obso?lete. The new bulk mailing postal regulation supersedes the old one. If you continue to follow the old regulation, your bulk mailing will be returned to you.

Front 2250

supplant

Back 2250

V. /篡位；取代/replace; usurp. Bolingbroke, later to be known as King Henry IV, fought to supplant his cousin, Richard III, as King of England.

Front 2251

supple

Back 2251

ADJ. /柔顺的；顺从的；柔韧的/flexible; pliant. Years of yoga exercises made Grace's body supple.

Front 2252

supplicate

Back 2252

V. /恳求；祈祷/petition humbly; pray to grant a favor. We supplicate Your Majesty to grant him amnesty.

Front 2253

supposition

Back 2253

N. /假定；假想/hypothesis; the act of supposing. I based my decision to confide in him on the supposition that he would be discreet. suppose,V.

Front 2254

suppress

Back 2254

V. /镇压；抑制；查禁/stifle; overwhelm; subdue; inhibit. Too polite to laugh in anyone's face, Roy did his best to suppress his amusement at Ed's inane remark.

Front 2255

surfeit

Back 2255

V. /饮食过度；恶心/satiate; stuff; indulge to excess in anything. Every Thanksgiving we are surfeited with an overabun?dance of holiday treats. also N.

Front 2256

surly

Back 2256

ADJ. /粗暴的；阴沉的；板着脸的；无礼的/rude; cross. Because of his surly attitude, many people avoided his company.

Front 2257

surmise

Back 2257

V. /猜测/guess. I surmise that he will be late for this meeting. also N.

Front 2258

surmount

Back 2258

V. /克服/overcome. Could Helen Keller, blind and deaf since childhood, surmount her physical disabilities and lead a productive life?

Front 2259

surpass

Back 2259

V. /超越/exceed. Her SAT I scores surpassed our expectations.

Front 2260

surreptitious

Back 2260

ADJ. /暗中的；秘密的/secret; furtive; sneaky; hidden. Hoping to discover where his mom had hidden the Christmas pre?sents, Timmy took a surreptitious peek into the master bed?room closet.

Front 2261

surrogate

Back 2261

N. /代理；代替/substitute. For a fatherless child, a male teacher may become a father surrogate.

Front 2262

surveillance

Back 2262

N. /监视；监督/watching; guarding. The FBI kept the house under constant surveillance in the hope of capturing all the criminals at one time,

Front 2263

susceptible

Back 2263

ADJ. /易受影响的；易感动的；易患病的/impressionable; easily influenced; having little resistance, as to a disease; receptive to. Said the patent medicine man to his very susceptible customer: "Buy this new miracle drug, and you will no longer be sus?ceptible to the common cold."

Front 2264

sustain

Back 2264

V. /支撑；延续/experience; support; nourish. He sustained such a severe injury that the doctors feared he would be unable to work to sustain his growing family.

Front 2265

sustenance

Back 2265

N. /食物；生计/means of support, food, nourishment. In the tropics, the natives find sustenance easy to obtain, due to all the fruit trees.

Front 2266

suture

Back 2266

N. /缝合；缝合处/stitches sewn to hold the cut edges of a wound or incision; material used in sewing. We will remove the sutures as soon as the wound heals. alsoV.

Front 2267

swagger

Back 2267

V. /大摇大摆；自大/behave arrogantly or pompously; strut or walk proudly. The conquering hero didn't simply stride down the street; he swaggered. also N.

Front 2268

swarm

Back 2268

N. /一大群；挤满，占满，蜂拥/dense moving crowd; large group of honey?bees. At the height of the city hall scandals, a constant swarm of reporters followed the mayor everywhere. alsoV.

Front 2269

swarthy

Back 2269

ADJ. /暗的；有雾的/dark; dusky. Despite the stereotypes, not all Italians are swarthy, many are fair and blond.

Front 2270

swathe

Back 2270

V. /包装物；绷带/wrap around; bandage. When I visited him in the hospital, I found him swathed in bandages.

Front 2271

swelter

Back 2271

V. /闷热；中暑/be oppressed by heat. I am going to buy an air conditioning unit for my apartment as I do not intend to swelter through another hot and humid summer.

Front 2272

swerve

Back 2272

V. /转向；突然转向/deviate; turn aside sharply. The car swerved wildly as the driver struggled to regain control of the wheel.

Front 2273

swill

Back 2273

V. /痛饮/drink greedily. Singing "Yo, ho, ho, and a bottle of rum," Long John Silver and his fellow pirates swilled their grog.

Front 2274

swindler

Back 2274

N. /骗子/cheat. She was gullible and trusting, an easy victim for the first swindler who came along.

Front 2275

sybarite

Back 2275

N. /纵情逸乐之徒/lover of luxury. Rich people are not always sybarites; some of them have little taste for a life of luxury.

Front 2276

sycophant

Back 2276

N. /马屁精；阿谀奉承者/servile flatterer; bootlicker; yes man. Fed up with the toadies and flunkies who made up his entourage, the star cried, "Get out, all of you! I'm sick of sycophants!" sycophancy, N.

Front 2277

symbiosis

Back 2277

N. /共生现象/interdependent relationship (between groups, species), often mutually beneficial. Both the croco?dile bird and the crocodile derive benefit from their symbio?sis: pecking away at food particles embedded in the crocodile's teeth, the bird receives nourishment; the croco?dile, meanwhile, receives proper dental hygiene. symbiotic,ADJ.

Front 2278

symmetry

Back 2278

N. /对称；匀称/arrangement of parts so that balance is obtained; congruity. Something lopsided by definition lacks symmetry.

Front 2279

synoptic

Back 2279

ADJ. /概要的/providing a general overview; summary. The professor turned to the latest issue of Dissertation Abstracts for a synoptic account of what was new in the field. synop?SiS, N.

Front 2280

synthesis

Back 2280

N. /合成/combining parts into a whole. Now that we have succeeded in isolating this drug, our next problem is to plan its synthesis in the laboratory. synthesize,V.

Front 2281

table

Back 2281

V. /搁置/set aside a resolution or proposal for future con?sideration. Because we seem unable to agree on this issue at the moment, let us table the motion for now and come back to it at a later date.

Front 2282

tacit

Back 2282

ADJ. /默许的；会意的/understood; not put into words. We have a tacit agreement based on only a handshake.

Front 2283

taciturn

Back 2283

ADJ. /沉默寡言的/habitually silent; talking little. The stereotypi?cal cowboy is a taciturn soul, answering lengthy questions with a "Yep" or "Nope."

Front 2284

tactile

Back 2284

ADJ. /触觉的/pertaining to the organs or sense of touch. His callused hands had lost their tactile sensitivity.

Front 2285

taint

Back 2285

V. /污染，感染；污点/contaminate; cause to lose purity; modify with a trace of something bad. One speck of dirt on your utensils may contain enough germs to taint an entire batch of preserves.

Front 2286

talisman

Back 2286

N. /护身符；避邪物/charm to bring good luck and avert misfortune. Joe believed the carved pendant he found in Vietnam served him as a talisman and brought him safely through the war.

Front 2287

talon

Back 2287

N. /鸟爪/claw of bird. The falconer wore a leather gauntlet to avoid being clawed by the hawk's talons.

Front 2288

tangential

Back 2288

ADJ. /外围的；切线的/peripheral; only slightly connected; digressing. Despite Clark's attempts to distract her with tan?gential remarks, Lois kept on coming back to her main question: why couldn't he come out to dinner with Super?man and her?

Front 2289

tangible

Back 2289

ADJ. /可触摸的；真实的/able to be touched; real; palpable. Although Tom did not own a house, he had several tangible assets-a car, a television, a PC-that he could sell if he needed cash.

Front 2290

tanner

Back 2290

N. /皮革工人；6便士/person who turns animal hides into leather. Using a solution of tanbark, the tannertreated the cowhide, transforming it into supple leather.

Front 2291

tantalize

Back 2291

V. /逗弄；使其干着急/tease; torture with disappointment. Tom loved to tantalize his younger brother with candy; he knew the boy was forbidden to have it.

Front 2292

tantamount

Back 2292

ADJ. /同等的/equivalent in effect or value. Though Rudy claimed his wife was off visiting friends, his shriek of horror when she walked into the room was tantamount to a confession that he believed she was dead.

Front 2293

tantrum

Back 2293

N. /发脾气；暴怒/fit of petulance; caprice. The child learned that he could have almost anything if he had a tantrum.

Front 2294

tarantula

Back 2294

N. /毒蜘蛛/venomous spider. We need an antitoxin to counteract the bite of the tarantula.

Front 2295

tarry

Back 2295

V. /等候；逗留；混日子/delay; dawdle. We can't tarry if we want to get to the airport on time.

Front 2296

taut

Back 2296

ADJ. /紧张的；整洁的/tight; ready. The captain maintained that he ran a taut ship.

Front 2297

tautological

Back 2297

ADJ. /同义反复的/needlessly repetitious. In the sentence "It was visible to the eye, " the phrase "to the eye" is tautological.

Front 2298

tautology

Back 2298

N. /同义反复/unnecessary repetition. "Joyful happiness" is an illustration of tautology.

Front 2299

tawdry

Back 2299

ADJ. /俗丽的；便宜且华而不实/cheap and gaudy. He won a few tawdry trin?kets in Coney Island.

Front 2300

tedious

Back 2300

ADJ. /令人厌倦的/boring; tiring. The repetitious nature of work on the assembly line made Martin's job very tedious. tedium, N.

Front 2301

temerity

Back 2301

N. /鲁莽的/boldness; rashness. Do you have the temerity to argue with me?

Front 2302

temper

Back 2302

V. /中和；回火；调剂；锻炼/moderate; tone down or restrain; toughen (steel). Not even her supervisor's grumpiness could temper Nancy's enthusiasm for her new job.

Front 2303

temperament

Back 2303

N. /气质；性情/characteristic frame of mind; disposition; emotional excess. Although the twins look alike, they differ markedly in temperament: Todd is calm, but Rod is excitable.

Front 2304

temperate

Back 2304

ADJ. /节制的；自我控制的/restrained; self-controlled; moderate in respect to temperature. Try to be temperate in your eating this holiday season; if you control your appetite, you won't gain too much weight.

Front 2305

tempestuous

Back 2305

ADJ. /有暴风雨的；暴乱的/stormy; impassioned; violent. Racket?throwing tennis star John McEnroe was famed for his dis?plays of tempestuous temperament.

Front 2306

tempo

Back 2306

N. /节奏，乐曲的速度/speed of music. I find the band's tempo too slow for such a lively dance.

Front 2307

temporal

Back 2307

ADJ. /暂时的/not lasting forever; limited by time; secular. At onetime in our history, temporal rulers assumed that they had been given their thrones by divine right.

Front 2308

temporize

Back 2308

V. /拖延时间；见风使舵/avoid commiting oneself; gain time. I cannot permit you to temporize any longer; I must have a definite answer today.

Front 2309

tenacious

Back 2309

ADJ. /顽强的/holding fast. I had to struggle to break his tenacious hold on my arm.

Front 2310

tenacity

Back 2310

N. /坚韧/firmness; persistence. Jean Valjean could not believe the tenacity of Inspector Javert. Here all Valjean had done was to steal a loaf of bread, and the inspector had pursued him doggedly for twenty years!

Front 2311

tendentious

Back 2311

ADJ. /偏见的；有目标的；预计好的/having an aim; biased; designed to fur?ther a cause. The editorials in this periodical are tenden?tious rather than truth-seeking.

Front 2312

tender

Back 2312

V. /提供；扩充/offer; extend. Although no formal charges had been made against him, in the wake of the recent scandal the mayor felt he should tender his resignation.

Front 2313

tenet

Back 2313

N. /原则；信条/doctrine; dogma. The agnostic did not accept the tenets of their faith.

Front 2314

tensile

Back 2314

ADJ. /可伸展的；可拉长的/capable of being stretched. Mountain climbers must know the tensile strength of their ropes. tentative

Front 2315

tenuous

Back 2315

ADJ. /纤细的/thin; rare; slim. The allegiance of our allies is held by rather tenuous ties.

Front 2316

tenure

Back 2316

N. /任期；（土地的）使用年限/holding of an office; time during which such an office is held. He has permanent tenure in this position and cannot be fired.

Front 2317

tepid

Back 2317

ADJ. /冷淡的；微热的/lukewarm. During the summer, I like to take a tepid bath, not a hot one.

Front 2318

termination

Back 2318

N. /结束/end. Though the time for termination of the project was near, we still had a lot of work to finish before we shut up shop. terminate,V.

Front 2319

terminology

Back 2319

N. /术语学/terms used in a science or art. The special terminology developed by some authorities in the field has done more to confuse the layman than to enlighten him. terminus

Front 2320

terrestrial

Back 2320

ADJ. /地的；地球的/earthly (as opposed to celestial); pertaining to the land. In many science fiction films, alien invaders from outer space plan to destroy all terrestrial life.

Front 2321

terse

Back 2321

ADJ. /简洁；扼要的/concise; abrupt; pithy. There is a fine line between speech that is terse and to the point and speech that is too abrupt.

Front 2322

testy

Back 2322

ADJ. /易怒的/irritable; short-tempered. My advice is to avoid discussing this problem with him today as he is rather testy and may shout at you.

Front 2323

tether

Back 2323

V. /用绳子绑；范围/tie with a rope. Before we went to sleep, we teth?ered the horses to prevent their wandering off during the night.

Front 2324

thematic

Back 2324

ADJ. /主题的；主题相关的/relating to a unifying motif or idea. Those who think of Moby Dick as a simple adventure story about whaling miss its underlying thematic import.

Front 2325

theocracy

Back 2325

N. /神权政治/government run by religious leaders. Though some Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower favored the establish?ment of a theocracy in New England, many of their fellow voyagers preferred a nonreligious form of government.

Front 2326

theoretical

Back 2326

ADJ. /理论的/not practical or applied; hypothetical. Bob was better at applied engineering and computer program?ming than he was at theoretical physics and math. While I can still think of some theoretical objections to your plan, you've convinced me of its basic soundness.

Front 2327

therapeutic

Back 2327

ADJ. /治疗的；治疗学的/curative. Now better known for its race?track, Saratoga Springs first gained attention for the thera?peutic qualities of its famous "healing waters." therapy, N.

Front 2328

thermal

Back 2328

ADJ. /热的；热学的/pertaining to heat. The natives discovered that the hot springs made excellent thermal baths and began to develop their community as a health resort. also N.

Front 2329

thespian

Back 2329

ADJ. /戏剧的/pertaining to drama. Her success in the school play convinced her she was destined for a thespian career. also N.

Front 2330

threadbare

Back 2330

ADJ. /褴褛的；破烂不堪的/worn through till the threads show; shabby and poor. The poor adjunct professor hid the threadbare spots on his jacket by sewing leather patches on his sleeves.

Front 2331

thrifty

Back 2331

ADJ. /节省的；抠包的/careful about money; economical. A thrifty shopper compares prices before making major purchases.

Front 2332

thrive

Back 2332

V. /繁荣；昌盛/prosper; flourish. Despite the impact of the reces?sion on the restaurant trade, Philip's cafe thrived.

Front 2333

throes

Back 2333

N. /剧痛/violent anguish. The throes of despair can be as devastating as the spasms accompanying physical pain.

Front 2334

throng

Back 2334

N. /聚集/crowd. Throngs of shoppers jammed the aisles. alsoV.

Front 2335

thwart

Back 2335

V. /阻碍；挫败/baffle; frustrate. He felt that everyone was trying to thwart his plans and prevent his success.

Front 2336

tightwad

Back 2336

N. /吝啬鬼/excessively frugal person; miser. Jill called Jack a tightwad because he never picked up the check.

Front 2337

tiller

Back 2337

N. /舵柄；农夫/handle used to move boat's rudder (to steer). Fearing the wind might shift suddenly and capsize the skiff, Tom kept one hand on the tiller at all times.

Front 2338

timidity

Back 2338

N. /胆怯/lack of self-confidence or courage. If you are to succeed as a salesman, you must first lose your timidity and fear of failure.

Front 2339

timorous

Back 2339

ADJ. /害怕的/fearful; demonstrating fear. His timorous manner betrayed the fear he felt at the moment.

Front 2340

tirade

Back 2340

N. /长篇慷慨激昂的演说/extended scolding; denunciation; harangue. Every time the boss holds a meeting, he goes into a lengthy tirade, scolding us for everything from tardiness to padding our expenses.

Front 2341

titanic

Back 2341

ADJ. /巨大的/gigantic. Titanic waves beat against the majes?tic S.S. Titanic, driving it against the concealed iceberg.

Front 2342

title

Back 2342

N. /名字；等级；拥有权/right or claim to possession; mark of rank; name (of a book, film, etc.). Though the penniless Duke of Ragwort no longer held title to the family estate, he still retained his title as head of one of England's oldest families.

Front 2343

titter

Back 2343

N. /神经质的笑/nervous laugh. Her aunt's constant titter nearly drove her mad. alsoV.

Front 2344

titular

Back 2344

ADJ. /有名无实的/nominal holding of title without obligations. Although he was the titular head of the company, the real decisions were made by his general manager.

Front 2345

toady

Back 2345

N. /谄媚的人；马屁精/servile flatterer; yes man. Never tell the boss any?thing he doesn't wish to hear: he doesn't want an indepen?dent adviser, he just wants a toady. alsoV.

Front 2346

tome

Back 2346

N. /册；卷/large volume. He spent much time in the libraries poring over ancient tomes.

Front 2347

tonic

Back 2347

ADJ. /精神充沛的/invigorating; refreshing. The tart homemade ginger ale had a tonic effect on Kit: she perked right up. also N.

Front 2348

topography

Back 2348

N. /拓扑学/physical features of a region. Before the generals gave the order to attack, they ordered a complete study of the topography of the region.

Front 2349

torpor

Back 2349

N. /迟钝；麻木；不活泼/lethargy; sluggishness; dormancy. Throughout the winter, nothing aroused the bear from his torpor: he would not emerge from hibernation until spring. torpid,ADJ.

Front 2350

torrent

Back 2350

N. /急流；洪水/rushing stream; flood. Day after day of heavy rain saturated the hillside until the water ran downhill in tor?rents. torrential,ADJ.

Front 2351

torrid

Back 2351

ADJ. /有激情的；热带的/passionate; hot or scorching. Harlequin Romances publish torrid tales of love affairs, some set in torrid climates.

Front 2352

torso

Back 2352

N. /未完成的；残缺的/trunk of statue with head and limbs missing; human trunk. This torso, found in the ruins of Pompeii, is now on exhibition in the museum in Naples.

Front 2353

tortuous

Back 2353

ADJ. /曲折的，蜿蜒的/winding; full of curves. Because this road is so tortuous, it is unwise to go faster than twenty miles an hour on it.

Front 2354

totter

Back 2354

V. /摇摆；摇摇欲坠/move unsteadily; sway, as if about to fall. On unsteady feet, the drunk tottered down the hill to the near?est bar.

Front 2355

touchstone

Back 2355

N. /试金石；准绳；标准；尺度/stone used to test the fineness of gold alloys; criterion. What touchstone can be used to measure the character of a person?

Front 2356

touchy

Back 2356

ADJ. /暴躁的；难以处理的；易上火的/sensitive; irascible. Do not mention his bald spot; he's very touchy about it.

Front 2357

tout

Back 2357

V. /吹捧/publicize; praise excessively. I lost confidence in my broker after he touted some junk bonds to me that turned out to be a bad investment.

Front 2358

toxic

Back 2358

ADJ. /有毒的/poisonous. We must seek an antidote for what?ever toxic substance he has eaten. toxicity, N.

Front 2359

tract

Back 2359

N. /地域；小册子/region of land (often imprecisely described); pam?phlet. The king granted William Penn a tract of land in the New World. Penn then printed a tract in which he encour?aged settlers to join his colony.

Front 2360

tractable

Back 2360

ADJ. /驯良的；温顺的；易处理的/docile; easily managed. Although Susan seemed a tractable young woman, she had a stubborn streak of independence that occasionally led her to defy the powers-that-be when she felt they were in the wrong.

Front 2361

traduce

Back 2361

V. /诽谤；中伤/expose to slander. His opponents tried to tra?duce the candidate's reputation by spreading rumors about his past.

Front 2362

trajectory

Back 2362

N. /弹道；轨迹；抛物线/path taken by a projectile. The police tried to locate the spot from which the assassin had fired the fatal shot by tracing the trajectory of the bullet.

Front 2363

tranquillity

Back 2363

N. /平静；冷静/calmness; peace. After the commotion and excitement of the city, I appreciate the tranquillity of these fields and forests.

Front 2364

transcendent

Back 2364

ADJ. /卓越的；非比寻常的/surpassing; exceeding ordinary limits; superior. For the amateur chef, dining at the four-star restaurant was a transcendent experience: the meal sur-passed his wildest dreams.

Front 2365

transcribe

Back 2365

V. /复制/copy. When you transcribe your notes, please send a copy to Mr. Smith and keep the original for our files. transcription, N.

Front 2366

transgression

Back 2366

N. /犯罪/violation of a law; sin. Forgive us our transgressions; we know not what we do.

Front 2367

transient

Back 2367

ADJ. /暂时的/momentary; temporary; staying for a short time. Lexy's joy at finding the perfect Christmas gift for Phil was transient, she still had to find presents for the cousins and Uncle Bob. Located near the airport, this hotel caters to a largely transient trade. transience, N.

Front 2368

transition

Back 2368

N. /过渡；转换；跃迁/going from one state of action to another. During the period of transition from oil heat to gas heat, the furnace will have to be shut off.

Front 2369

transitory

Back 2369

ADJ. /短时间的/impermanent; fleeting. Fame is transitory: today's rising star is all too soon tomorrow's washed-up has-been. transitoriness, N.

Front 2370

translucent

Back 2370

ADJ. /半透明的/partly transparent. We could not recog?nize the people in the next room because of the translucent curtains that separated us.

Front 2371

transmute

Back 2371

V. /改变/change; convert to something different. He was unable to transmute his dreams into actualities.

Front 2372

transparent

Back 2372

ADJ. /透明的；容易检测的，明晰的/easily detected; permitting light to pass through freely. John's pride in his son is transparent; no one who sees the two of them together can miss it.

Front 2373

transport

Back 2373

N. /运输；狂喜/strong emotion. Margo was a creature of extremes, at one moment in transports of joy over a vivid sunset, at another moment in transports of grief over a dying bird. also

Front 2374

trappings

Back 2374

N. /服饰；装饰/outward decorations; ornaments. He loved the trappings of success: the limousines, the stock options, the company jet.

Front 2375

traumatic

Back 2375

ADJ. /外伤的/pertaining to an injury caused by violence. In his nightmares, he kept on recalling the traumatic experi?ence of being wounded in battle.

Front 2376

travail

Back 2376

N. /辛苦劳作/painful labor. How long do you think a man can endure such travail and degradation without rebelling?

Front 2377

traverse

Back 2377

V. /穿过/go through or across. When you traverse this field, be careful of the bull.

Front 2378

travesty

Back 2378

N. /滑稽化；滑稽模仿/comical parody; treatment aimed at making something appear ridiculous. The ridiculous decision the jury has reached is a travesty of justice.

Front 2379

treacly

Back 2379

ADJ. /甜蜜的/sticky sweet; cloyingly sentimental. Irritatingly cheerful, always looking on the bright side, Pollyanna speaks nothing but treacly sentimentalities. treacle, N.

Front 2380

treatise

Back 2380

N. /论文/article treating a subject systematically and thoroughly. He is preparing a treatise on the Elizabethan playwrights for his graduate degree.

Front 2381

trek

Back 2381

N. /旅行/travel; journey. The tribe made their trek farther north that summer in search of game. alsoV.

Front 2382

tremor

Back 2382

N. /振动的/trembling; slight quiver. She had a nervous tremor in her right hand.

Front 2383

tremulous

Back 2383

ADJ. /震荡的/trembling; wavering. She was tremulous more from excitement than from fear.

Front 2384

trenchant

Back 2384

ADJ. /锋利的/cutting; keen. I am afraid of his trenchant wit for it is so often sarcastic.

Front 2385

trepidation

Back 2385

N. /惧怕/fear; nervous apprehension. As she entered the office of the dean of admissions, Sharon felt some trepi?dation about how she would do in her interview.

Front 2386

trespass

Back 2386

V. /过失；侵入/unlawfully enter the boundaries of some else's property. The wicked baron flogged any poacher who tres?passed on his private hunting grounds. also N.

Front 2387

tribute

Back 2387

N. /贡品；殷勤；颂词；礼物/tax levied by a ruler; mark of respect. The colonists refused to pay tribute to a foreign despot.

Front 2388

trifling

Back 2388

ADJ. /不重要的/trivial; unimportant. Why bother going to see a doctor for such a trifling, everyday cold?

Front 2389

trigger

Back 2389

V. /引起；触发；扳机/set off. John is touchy today; say one word wrong and you'll trigger an explosion.

Front 2390

trinket

Back 2390

N. /小玩意儿；密谋/knickknack; bauble. Whenever she traveled abroad, Ethel would pick up costume jewelry and other trin?kets as souvenirs.

Front 2391

trite

Back 2391

ADJ. /陈腐的/hackneyed; commonplace. The trite and pre?dictable situations in many television programs turn off many viewers, who, in turn, turn off their sets.

Front 2392

trivial

Back 2392

ADJ. /不重要的/unimportant; trifling. Too many magazines ignore newsworthy subjects and feature trivial affairs. trivia, N.

Front 2393

trough

Back 2393

N. /槽；低谷/container for feeding farm animals; lowest point (of a wave, business cycle, etc.) The hungry pigs struggled to get at the fresh swill in the trough. The surfer rode her board, coasting along in the trough between two waves.

Front 2394

truculence

Back 2394

N. /野蛮；粗鲁/aggressiveness; ferocity. Tynan's reviews were noted for their caustic attacks and general tone of tru?culence. truculent,ADJ.

Front 2395

truism

Back 2395

N. /真实性/self-evident truth. Many a truism is summed up in a proverb; for example, "Marry in haste, repent at leisure."

Front 2396

truncate

Back 2396

V. /截去尖端/cut the top off. The top of a cone that has been truncated in a plane parallel to its base is a circle.

Front 2397

tryst

Back 2397

N. /约会；幽会/meeting. The lovers kept their tryst even though they realized their danger.

Front 2398

tumult

Back 2398

N. /吵闹；混乱/commotion; riot; noise. She could not make her?self heard over the tumult of the mob.

Front 2399

tundra

Back 2399

N. /苔原；冻土/rolling, treeless plain in Siberia and arctic North America. Despite the cold, many geologists are trying to discover valuable mineral deposits in the tundra.

Front 2400

turbid

Back 2400

ADJ. /浑浊的；搅动了沉淀物的/muddy; having the sediment disturbed. The water was turbid after the children had waded through it.

Front 2401

turbulence

Back 2401

N. /湍流；骚乱；动荡/state of violent agitation. Warned of approaching turbulence in the atmosphere, the pilot told the passengers to fasten their seat belts.

Front 2402

turgid

Back 2402

ADJ. /肿胀的/swollen; distended. The turgid river threatened to overflow the levees and flood the countryside.

Front 2403

turmoil

Back 2403

N. /骚动；混乱/great commotion and confusion. Lydia running off with a soldier! Mother fainting at the news! The Bennet household was in turmoil.

Front 2404

turncoat

Back 2404

N. /叛徒；叛逆者/traitor. The British considered Benedict Arnold a loyalist; the Americans considered him a turncoat.

Front 2405

turpitude

Back 2405

N. /奸恶；卑鄙/depravity. A visitor may be denied admittance to this country if she has been guilty of moral turpitude.

Front 2406

tutelage

Back 2406

N. /监护/guardianship; training. Under the tutelage of such masters of the instrument, she made rapid progress as a virtuoso.

Front 2407

tycoon

Back 2407

N. /大亨/wealthy leader. John D. Rockefeller was a prominent tycoon.

Front 2408

typhoon

Back 2408

N. /台风/tropical hurricane or cyclone. If you liked Twister, you'll love Typhoon!

Front 2409

tyranny

Back 2409

N. /暴政；专制/oppression; cruel government. Frederick Dou?glass fought against the tyranny of slavery throughout his life.

Front 2410

tyro

Back 2410

N. /新手/beginner; novice. For a mere tyro, you have pro?duced some wonderfully expert results.

Front 2411

ubiquitous

Back 2411

ADJ. /无所不在的/being everywhere; omnipresent. That Christmas "The Little Drummer Boy" seemed ubiquitous; David heard the tune everywhere.

Front 2412

ulterior

Back 2412

ADJ. /将来的；隐蔽的/situated beyond; unstated. You must have an ulterior motive for your behavior, since there is no obvious reason for it.

Front 2413

ultimate

Back 2413

ADJ. /终极的/final; not susceptible to further analysis. Sci?entists are searching for ultimate truths.

Front 2414

unaccountable

Back 2414

ADJ. /无责任的；无法解释的/inexplicable; unreasonable or mysteri?ous. I have taken an unaccountable dislike to my doctor: "I do not love thee, Doctor Fell. The reason why, I cannot tell."

Front 2415

unanimity

Back 2415

N. /全体同意；全体一致/complete agreement. We were surprised by the unanimity with which members of both parties accepted our proposals. unanimous,ADJ.

Front 2416

unassailable

Back 2416

ADJ. /攻不破的/not subject to question; not open to attack. Penelope's virtue was unassailable; while she waited for her husband to come back from the war, no other man had a chance.

Front 2417

unassuming

Back 2417

ADJ. /谦逊的/modest. He is so unassuming that some people fail to realize how great a man he really is.

Front 2418

unbridled

Back 2418

ADJ. /放肆的；肆虐的/violent. She had a sudden fit of unbridled rage.

Front 2419

uncanny

Back 2419

ADJ. /离奇的/strange; mysterious. You have the uncanny knack of reading my innermost thoughts.

Front 2420

unconscionable

Back 2420

ADJ. /不合理的；不道德的；过度的/unscrupulous; excessive. She found the loan shark's demands unconscionable and impossible to meet.

Front 2421

uncouth

Back 2421

ADJ. /笨拙的；粗俗的/outlandish; clumsy; boorish. Most biogra?phers portray Lincoln as an uncouth and ungainly young man.

Front 2422

Unctuous

Back 2422

ADJ. /油的；油质的；松软肥沃的/oily; bland; insincerely suave. Uriah Heep disguised his nefarious actions by unctuous protestations of his "humility."

Front 2423

underlying

Back 2423

ADJ. /根本的；在下面的；潜在的/fundamental; lying below. The underlying cause of the student riot was not the strict curfew rule but the moldy cafeteria food. Miss Marple seems a sweet little old lady at first, but there's an iron will underlying that soft and fluffy facade.

Front 2424

undermine

Back 2424

V. /破坏/weaken; sap. The recent corruption scan?dals have undermined many people's faith in the city government. The recent torrential rains have washed away much of the cliffside; the deluge threatens to under?mine the pillars supporting several houses at the edge of the cliff.

Front 2425

underscore

Back 2425

V. /强调/emphasize. Addressing the jogging class, Kim underscored the importance to runners of good nutrition.

Front 2426

undulating

Back 2426

ADJ. /波浪的/moving with a wavelike motion. The Hilo Hula Festival was an undulating sea of grass skirts.

Front 2427

unearth

Back 2427

V. /出土；发掘/dig up. When they unearthed the city, the archeologists found many relics of an ancient civilization.

Front 2428

unequivocal

Back 2428

ADJ. /明白清楚的/plain; obvious; unmistakable. My answer to your proposal is an unequivocal and absolute "No."

Front 2429

unerringly

Back 2429

ADJ. /正确无误的/infallibly. My teacher unerringly pounced on the one typographical error in my essay.

Front 2430

unfathomable

Back 2430

ADJ. /不可理解的；不能渗透的/incomprehensible; impenetrable. Unable to get to the bottom of the mystery, Watson declared it was unfathomable.

Front 2431

unfetter

Back 2431

V. /解放/liberate; free from chains. Chained to the wall for months on end, the hostage despaired that he would ever be unfettered.

Front 2432

unfrock

Back 2432

V. /解除神职/to strip a priest or minister of church authority. To disbar a lawyer, to unfrock a priest, to suspend a doctor's license to practice-these are extreme steps that the authorities should take only after careful considera?tion.

Front 2433

ungainly

Back 2433

ADJ. /糟糕的；笨拙的/awkward; clumsy; unwieldy. "If you want to know whether Nick's an ungainly dancer, check out my bruised feet," said Nora. Anyone who has ever tried to carry a bass fiddle knows it's an ungainly instrument.

Front 2434

uniformity

Back 2434

N. /一致性；同样/sameness; monotony. At Persons magazine, we strive for uniformity of style; as a result, all our writers wind up sounding exactly alike.

Front 2435

unimpeachable

Back 2435

ADJ. /无懈可击的/blameless and exemplary. Her con?duct in office was unimpeachable and her record is spotless.

Front 2436

uninhibited

Back 2436

ADJ. /放荡不羁的；不受限制的/unrepressed. The congregation was shocked by her uninhibited laughter during the sermon.

Front 2437

unintimidating

Back 2437

ADJ. /无惧的/unfrightening. Though Phil had expected to feel overawed when he met Steve Young, he found the famous quarterback friendly and unintimidating.

Front 2438

unique

Back 2438

ADJ. /独一无二的/without an equal; single in kind. You have the unique distinction of being the only student whom I have had to fail in this course.

Front 2439

universal

Back 2439

ADJ. /通用的/characterizing or affecting all; present every?where. At first, no one shared Christopher's opinions; his the?ory that the world was round was met with universal disdain.

Front 2440

unkempt

Back 2440

ADJ. /蓬乱的；粗野的；不洁的/disheveled; uncared for in appearance. Jeremy hated his neighbor's unkempt lawn: he thought its neglected appearance had a detrimental effect on neigh?borhood property values.

Front 2441

unmitigated

Back 2441

ADJ. /未缓和的；绝对的/unrelieved or immoderate; absolute. After four days of unmitigated heat, I was ready to collapse from heat prostration. The congresswoman's husband was an unmitigated jerk: not only did he abandon her, he took her campaign funds, too!

Front 2442

unobtrusive

Back 2442

ADJ. /不显眼的；朴素的/inconspicuous; not blatant. Reluctant to attract notice, the governess took a chair in a far corner of the room and tried to be as unobtrusive as possible.

Front 2443

unpalatable

Back 2443

ADJ. /厌恶的；不好吃的；味道糟糕的/distasteful; disagreeable. "I refuse to swallow your conclusion," said she, finding his logic unpalatable.

Front 2444

unprecedented

Back 2444

ADJ. /空前的/novel; unparalleled. For a first novel, Margaret Mitchell's novel Gone with the Wind was an unprecedented success.

Front 2445

unprepossessing

Back 2445

ADJ. /不吸引人的/unattractive. During adolescence many attractive young people somehow acquire the false notion that their appearance is unprepossessing.

Front 2446

unravel

Back 2446

V. /拆开；解决/disentangle; solve. With equal ease Miss Marple unraveled tangled balls of yarn and baffling murder mysteries.

Front 2447

unrequited

Back 2447

ADJ. /不报答的，不回应的/not reciprocated. Suffering the pangs of unrequited love, Olivia rebukes Cesario for his hardheart?edness.

Front 2448

unruly

Back 2448

ADJ. /不服从的；倔强的/disobedient; lawless. The only way to curb this unruly mob is to use tear gas.

Front 2449

unscathed

Back 2449

ADJ. /没有受伤的/unharmed. They prayed he would come back from the war unscathed.

Front 2450

unseemly

Back 2450

ADJ. /不体面的/unbecoming; indecent; in poor taste. When he put whoopie cushions on all the seats in the funeral par?lor, his conduct was most unseemly.

Front 2451

unsightly

Back 2451

ADJ. /难看的/ugly. Although James was an experienced emergency room nurse, he occasionally became queasy when faced with a particularly unsightly injury.

Front 2452

unstinting

Back 2452

ADJ. /慷慨的；无保留的/giving generously; not holding back. The dean praised the donor of the new science building for her unstinting generosity.

Front 2453

untenable

Back 2453

ADJ. /防不住的；防不胜防的；站不住的/indefensible; not able to be maintained. Wayne is so contrary that, the more untenable a position is, the harder he'll try to defend it.

Front 2454

unwarranted

Back 2454

ADJ. /莫名其妙的；没来由的；冤枉的/unjustified; groundless; undeserved. Your assumption that I would accept your proposal is unwarranted, sir; I do not want to marry you at all. We could not understand Martin's unwarranted rudeness to his mother's guests.

Front 2455

unwieldy

Back 2455

ADJ. /糟糕的；笨拙的/awkward; cumbersome; unmanageable. The large carton was so unwieldy that the movers had trou?ble getting it up the stairs.

Front 2456

unwitting

Back 2456

ADJ. /不知情的/unintentional; not knowing. She was the unwitting tool of the swindlers.

Front 2457

upbraid

Back 2457

V. /责备/severely scold; reprimand. Not only did Miss Minchin upbraid Ermengarde for her disobedience, but she hung her up by her braids from a coat rack in the classroom. uproarious

Front 2458

upshot

Back 2458

N. /结果/outcome. The upshot of the rematch was that the former champion proved that he still possessed all the skills of his youth.

Front 2459

urbane

Back 2459

ADJ. /文雅的；高雅的；彬彬有礼的/suave; refined; elegant. The courtier was urbane and sophisticated. urbanity, N.

Front 2460

usurp

Back 2460

V. /篡取/seize another's power or rank. The revolution ended when the victorious rebel general succeeded in his attempt to usurp the throne.

Front 2461

utopia

Back 2461

N. /乌托邦/ideal place, state, or society. Fed up with this imperfect universe, Don would have liked to run off to Shangri-la or some other imaginary utopia. utopian,

Front 2462

vacuous

Back 2462

ADJ. /空虚的；空的/empty; inane. The vacuous remarks of the politician annoyed the audience, who had hoped to hear more than empty platitudes.

Front 2463

vagabond

Back 2463

N. /流浪者/wanderer; tramp. In summer, college stu?dents wander the roads of Europe like carefree vagabonds. alsoADJ.

Front 2464

vagrant

Back 2464

N. /无家可归的流浪者/a homeless wanderer. Because he was a stranger in town with no visible means of support, Martin feared he would be jailed as a vagrant. vagrancy, N.

Front 2465

valedictory

Back 2465

ADJ. /告别的/pertaining to farewell. I found the valedic?tory address too long; leave-taking should be brief.

Front 2466

valid

Back 2466

ADJ. /正当的；有效的/logically convincing; sound; legally acceptable. You're going to have to come up with a better argument if you want to convince me that your reasoning is valid.

Front 2467

validate

Back 2467

V. /批准；确认/confirm; ratify. I will not publish my findings until I validate my results.

Front 2468

valor

Back 2468

N. /英勇；勇猛/bravery. He received the Medal of Honor for his valor in battle.

Front 2469

vampire

Back 2469

N. /吸血鬼/ghostly being that sucks the blood of the living. Children were afraid to go to sleep because of the many legends of vampires roaming at night.

Front 2470

vanguard

Back 2470

N. /先驱；先锋/forerunners; advance forces. We are the van?guard of a tremendous army that is following us.

Front 2471

vantage

Back 2471

N. /优势/position giving an advantage. They fired upon the enemy from behind trees, walls and any other point of vantage they could find.

Front 2472

vapid

Back 2472

ADJ. /平淡单调的；索然无味的；缺乏想象力的/dull and unimaginative; insipid and flavorless. "Bor-ing!" said Jessica, as she suffered through yet another vapid lecture about Dead White Male Poets.

Front 2473

*vaporize

Back 2473

V. /蒸发/turn into vapor (steam, gas, fog, etc.). "Zap!" went Super Mario's atomic ray gun as he vaporized another deadly foe.

Front 2474

variegated

Back 2474

ADJ. /杂色的/many-colored. Without her glasses, Gretchen saw the fields of tulips as a variegated blur.

Front 2475

veer

Back 2475

V. /转向/change in direction. After what seemed an eter?nity, the wind veered to the east and the storm abated.

Front 2476

vehement

Back 2476

ADJ. /激烈的；热烈的/forceful; intensely emotional; with marked vigor. Alfred became so vehement in describing what was wrong with the Internal Revenue Service that he began jumping up and down and frothing at the mouth. vehemence, N.

Front 2477

velocity

Back 2477

N. /速度/speed. The train went by at considerable velocity.

Front 2478

venal

Back 2478

ADJ. /贪污的/capable of being bribed. The venal policeman cheerfully accepted the bribe offered him by the speeding motorist whom he had stopped.

Front 2479

vendetta

Back 2479

N. /深仇；世仇/blood feud. The rival mobs engaged in a bitter vendetta.

Front 2480

vendor

Back 2480

N. /卖主/seller. The fruit vendor sold her wares from a stall on the sidewalk.

Front 2481

veneer

Back 2481

N. /薄板；外表/thin layer; cover. Casual acquaintances were deceived by his veneer of sophistication and failed to rec?ognize his fundamental shallowness.

Front 2482

venerable

Back 2482

ADJ. /庄严的；值得尊重的/deserving high respect. We do not mean to be disrespectful when we refuse to follow the advice of our venerable leader.

Front 2483

venerate

Back 2483

V. /崇敬/revere. In Tibet today, the common people still venerate their traditional spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama.

Front 2484

venial

Back 2484

ADJ. /可宽恕的/forgivable; trivial. When Jean Valjean stole a loaf of bread to feed his starving sister, he committed a venial offense.

Front 2485

venom

Back 2485

N. /毒液；恶毒/poison; hatred. Bitten by a rattlesnake on his ankle, the cowboy contortionist curled up like a pretzel and sucked the venom out of the wound.

Front 2486

vent

Back 2486

N. /出口，出路/a small opening; outlet. The wine did not flow because the air vent in the barrel was clogged.

Front 2487

vent

Back 2487

V. /表达；发泄/express; utter. The angry teacher vented his wrath on his class.

Front 2488

ventriloquist

Back 2488

N. /口技表演者/someone who can make his or her voice seem to come from another person or thing. This ventrilo?quist does an act in which she has a conversation with a wooden dummy.

Front 2489

venturesome

Back 2489

ADJ. /冒险的/bold. A group of venturesome women were the first to scale Mt. Annapurna.

Front 2490

veracity

Back 2490

N. /真实；准确性/truthfulness. Asserting his veracity, young George Washington proclaimed, "Father, I cannot tell a lie!"

Front 2491

verbalize

Back 2491

V. /描述/put into words. I know you don't like to talk about these things, but please try to verbalize your feelings.

Front 2492

verbatim

Back 2492

ADV. /逐字的/word for word. He repeated the message verbatim. alsoADJ.

Front 2493

verbiage

Back 2493

N. /空话；大话/pompous array of words. After we had waded through all the verbiage, we discovered that the writer had said very little.

Front 2494

verbose

Back 2494

ADJ. /冗长的/wordy. Someone mute can't talk; someone verbose can hardly stop talking.

Front 2495

verdant

Back 2495

ADJ. /翠绿的；生疏的；无经验的/green; lush in vegetation. Monet's paintings of the verdant meadows were symphonies in green.

Front 2496

verge

Back 2496

N. /边界/border; edge. Madame Curie knew she was on the verge of discovering the secrets of radioactive ele?ments. alsoV.

Front 2497

verisimilitude

Back 2497

N. /逼真/appearance of truth; likelihood. Critics praised her for the verisimilitude of her performance as Lady Macbeth. She was completely believable.

Front 2498

verity

Back 2498

N. /真实；真理；真实的陈述/quality of being true; lasting truth or principle. Did you question the verity of Kato Kaelin's testimony about what he heard the night Nicole Brown Simpson was slain? To the skeptic, everything was relative: there were no eter?nal verities in which one could believe.

Front 2499

vernacular

Back 2499

N. /母语；本国；本来的东西/living language; natural style. Cut out those old-fashioned thee's and thou's and write in the vernacular. alsoADJ.