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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The most common osseous malignant bone tumour
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Osteosarcomas
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What are environmental risk factors for ostesarcomas?
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Radiation and infectious agents
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What diseases can cause osteosarcomas?
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Osteomyelitis, hyperparathyroidism and paget's disease
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Where do osteosarcomas commonly develop? What regions specifically?
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The growth plate. Distal femur, proximal tibia and proximal humerus.
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When is lymphatic spread a concern in osteosarcomas?
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When the tumour is in the trunk of the body.
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Why is lymphatic spread not a huge concern for osteosarcomas?
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Because lymphatic spread is common in the trunk of the body, osteosarcomas usually happen in distal extremities.
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What are the most common symptoms of osteosarcomas? Where is it seen?
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Persistent pain and mass, usually near a joint(growth plates)
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Embryonic origin of osteosarcomas? What do they arise from?
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Mesoderm, primitive mesenchyme and/or ectoderm cells.
They arise from osteoblasts. |
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What test level is elevated in most osteosarcomas that is not elevated in others? By what percent?
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Serum Alkaline phosphatase by around 60%
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What characteristic of an osteosarcoma is usually visible on the x-ray?
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bone formation within the tumour.
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What staging system is used to stage osteosarcomas?
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Enneking staging system
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Primary treatment for osteosarcomas?
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Surgery: limb sparing preferred: prosthesis or allograft bone.
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What is the role of chemo is treating osteosarcoma?
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Neoadjuvantly or adjuvantly used.
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What type of RT is used in the treatment of osteosarcomas?
What dose is delivered |
IORT.
Electron treatment Single dose: 5000-6000cGy with EBRT: 1600cGy |
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Malignant neoplasms that produce cartilage
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Chondrosarcomas
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where are chondrosarcomas typically found?
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Femur
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Where do chondrosarcomas arise from?
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Mesenchymal elements of the bone
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Juxtacortical histology is prominent to what sarcoma?
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Chondrosarcoma
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What histology is a higher grade in chondrosarcoma?
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Mesenchymal
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Is chemo effective for treating chondrosarcomas?
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No.
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Bone malignancies that may occur in soft tissue are called?
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Fibrosarcomas
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What type of bones do fibrosarcomas usually arise in?
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Long, tubular bones.
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What is a common feature of fibrosarcomas?
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Fractures.
Breakdown/ weakness of the bone that leads to fractures. |
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What is the only malignant feature of fibrosarcomas?
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That they are multiplying quicker than they are supposed to.
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Hyalinizinng spindle cell tumour is a prominent histologyof what sarcoma?
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Fibrosarcomas
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Why is post op RT done in fibrosarcomas?
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due to high recurrence
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Which sarcoma arises from macrophages?
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MFH
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What two sarcomas have IORT as a possible treatment option?
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MFH and osteosarcoma
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What has a worser prognosis? Bone or soft tissue?
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Bone
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MHF in terms of survival? how aggressive is it?
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Very aggressive with poor survival
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What two sarcomas arise in long tubular bones?
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Fibrosarcomas and GCTB
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Benign condition of chondrosarcomas are called?
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Chondromas
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Treatment of choice of GCTB?
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Surgical Cureattage
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Which sarcoma is characterized by neoplastic proliferation of a single clone of plasma cells?
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MM
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Typical treatment for MM?
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Chemo(curative) +RT(pain)
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What sarcoma accounts for majority of malignant bone lesions?
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Metastatic bone disease
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EBV in those with AIDS show a higher risk of what sarcoma?
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Leiomyosarcoma
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What two STS see lymph node involvement?
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Synovial and Rhabdo
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