Sarah's Micro Terms

Front 1

Penicillin (beta-lactam)

Back 1

Target: cell wall peptidoglycan
Characteristics: mimics end of tetrapeptide crosslink, causing weak points in cell wall and eventually lysis

Front 2

Cephalosporins (beta-lactam)

Back 2

Target: cell wall/peptidoglycan
characteristics: derived from a mold, inhibition of transpeptidation (crosslinking) of glycan chains

Front 3

Carbapenem (beta-lactam)

Back 3

Target: cell wall/peptidoglycan
Characteristics: inhibtion of crosslinking of tetrapeptide chains attached to N-acetyluramic acid

Front 4

Vancomycin

Back 4

Target: cell wall/peptidoglycan
characteristics: attacks gram +, blocks transpeptidation by binding directly to peptide chains, resistant to beta-lactamases, reserved for serious infections

Front 5

Bacitracin

Back 5

Target: cell wall/peptidoglycan
characteristics: inhibits transport of peptidoglycan precursors, topical use

Front 6

Cycloseriine

Back 6

target: cell wall/peptidoglycan
characteristics: inhibits synthesis of peptidoglycan precursors

Front 7

Fosfomycin

Back 7

target: cell wall/peptidoglycan
characteristics: inhibits an enzyme required for peptidoglycan synthesis

Front 8

Streptomycin (aminoglycosides)

Back 8

target: protein synthesis
characteristics: used to treat bubonic plague, TB, tularemia

Front 9

Tetracyclines

Back 9

Subgroups: aureomycin, doxycyclin, minocycline, tetracycline
target: protein synthesis
characteristics: blocks the attachment of tRNA to the ribosome, preferentially transported into prokaryotes, wide variety of diseases, can cause tooth discoloration (kids), diarrhea/enterocolitis, photosensitization

Front 10

Erythromycin (macrolide)

Back 10

target: protein synthesis
characteristics: broad spectrum, used for mycoplasma, legionella, chylamidia, pertussis, diptheria

Front 11

Clarithromycin (macrolide)

Back 11

target: protein synthesis
characteristics: broad spectrum, used for inner ear, respiratory, skin infections

Front 12

Azithromycin (macrolide)

Back 12

target: protein synthesis
characteristics: broad spectrum, used for inner ear, respiratory, skin

Front 13

Clindamycin (macrolide)

Back 13

target: protein synthesis
characteristics: derivative of lincomycin, used for severe abdomen/large infections with bacteroides or clostridium (unresponsive to other antibiotics), penicillin resistant staphlococus, skin acne treatments, problem with adverse reactions in GI tract

Front 14

Aminoglycosides

Back 14

subgroups: streptomycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, neomycin
target: protein synthesis
characteristics: blocks the initiations of translation and causes the misreading of mRNA, broad spectrum, mostly used on gram +, can be combined with beta lactam for better penetration, can cause hearing loss, kidney damage, diahrrea/enterocolitis

Front 15

Chloramyphenicol

Back 15

subgroups: sterptomyces antibiotic
target: protein synthesis
characteristics: prevents peptide bonds from being formed, broad spectrum, potentially fatal toxicity (aplastic anemia), reserved for typhoid fever and brain abscesses, can't be given long term

Front 16

Synercid (streptogramins)

Back 16

target: protein synthesis
characteristics: streptogramin class of drugs, effective against staphylococcus and enterococcus, used for endocarditis and surgical infections as well as streptococus( resistant to other antibiotics)

Front 17

Fluroquinolones

Back 17

target: nucleic acid synthesis
characteristics: inhibits DNA replication, bactericidal and broad spectrum

Front 18

Rifamycin

Back 18

target: nucleic acid synthesis
characteristics: inhibits RNA polymerase, treatment for GM+, mycobacteria, and neisemia prophylaxis

Front 19

Sulfa drugs (sulfonamides)

Back 19

target: folic acid synthesis
characteristics: competitive inhibitor of enzyme in pathway, humans don't have enzyme, can crystallize in kidney and form stones

Front 20

Trimethoprim

Back 20

target: nucleotide biosynthesis
characteristics: inhibits next step in pathway, synergistic with Sulfa, used for PCP in AIDS

Front 21

Streptogramins

Back 21

subgroup: synercid
target: protein synthesis
characteristics:each interferes with a distinct step of protein synthesis

Front 22

Oxazolidinones

Back 22

target: protein synthesis
characteristics: thought to interfere with the initiation of protein synthesis

Front 23

Lincosamides

Back 23

target; protein synthesis
characteristics: prevents the continuation of protein synthesis

Front 24

Macrolides

Back 24

subgroups: erythromycin, clindamycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin
target: protein synthesis
characteristics: prevents the continuation of protein synthesis

Front 25

Alcohol

Back 25

Target microbe: bacteria, some viruses
concentration: 50-95% (70%)
attacks: membranes, protein
used on: surfaces, skin

Front 26

aldehydes

Back 26

target microbes: all, if used long enough
concentration: 2% (glutaraldehyde) 37% (formaldehyde)
attacks: protein, nucleic acid
used on: surfaces, materials, vaccines

Front 27

biquanides

Back 27

target microbes: bacteria fungi
attacks: membranes
used on: skin, beauty

Front 28

ethylene oxide

Back 28

target microbes: all of them
concentration: gas
attacks: proteins
used on: surgical items, plastics

Front 29

halogens (Cl, I)

Back 29

target microbes: all
concentration: .6ppm or higher
attacks: protein
used on: surfaces, water

Front 30

Metals

Back 30

concentration: Ag (<2%) and Hg (<.2%)
attacks: enzymes
used on: industrial, medicinal

Front 31

ozone

Back 31

attacks: membranes
used on: water

Front 32

peroxygens

Back 32

target microbes: all
concentration: 3%
attacks: membranes
used on: surfaces

Front 33

lysol

Back 33

target microbes: some bacteria, mycobacteria, viruses
concentration; 5-19%
attacks: membranes, proteins
used on: surfaces/skin

Front 34

quanternary ammonium

Back 34

target microbes: bacteria (not mycobacteria) or pseudomonas
concentration: 1:100-1:1000
attacks: membranes
used on: surfaces

Front 35

chemotherapeutic drug

Back 35

anyy chemical used in the treatment, relief, or prophylaxis of a disease

Front 36

prophylaxis

Back 36

use of a drug to pprevent imminent infection of a personat risk

Front 37

antimicrobial chemotherapy

Back 37

the use of chemotherapeutic drugs to control infection

Front 38

antimicrobials

Back 38

all-inclusive term for any antimicrobial drug, regardless of its origin

Front 39

antibiotics

Back 39

substances produced by natureal metabolic processes of some MOs that can inhibit or detroy other MOs

Front 40

semisynthetic drugs

Back 40

drugs taht are chemically modified in the laboratory after being isolated from natural sources

Front 41

synthetic drugs

Back 41

drugs produced entirely by chemical reactions

Front 42

narrow spectrum

Back 42

antimicrobials effective against a limited array of microbial types-for example, a drug effective mainly on gram-positive bacteria

Front 43

broad spectrum

Back 43

antimicrobials effective againsta wide variety of microbial types-for example, a drug effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria