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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Macrophage
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Phagocytosis;interleukin 1 that stimulates secretion of interleukin 2 by helper T cells and induces proliferation of B cells
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Killer T cell
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Lysis of foreign cells by lymphotoxins & release of various lymphokines that recruit & intensify killer T cell actions
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Helper T cell
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Cooperates w/B cells to amplify antibody production by plasma cells & secrete interleukin 2, which stimulates proliferation of killer T cells
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Suppressor T cell
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Inhibits secretion of injurious substances by killer T cells & inhibits antibody production by plasma cells
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Delayed hypersensitivity T cell
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Secretes macrophage activating factor and migration inhibition factor, key substances related to hypersensitivity (allergy)
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Amplifier T cell
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Stimulates helper T cells, suppressor T cells, and B cells to exaggerated levels of activity
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Memory T cell
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Remains in lymphoid tissue & recognizes original invading antigens, even years after infection
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Natural killer (NK) cell
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Lymphocyte that destroys foreign cells by lysis and produces interferon
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B cell
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Differentiates into antibody-producing plasma cell
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Plasma cell
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Descendant of B cell that produces antibodies
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Memory B cell
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Ready to respond more rapidly and forcefully than initially should the same antigen challenge the body in the future
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Naturally acquired active immunity
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Antigen recogniation by B cells & T cells & costimulation lead to antibody-secreting plasma cells, cytotoxic T cells, & B & T memory cells
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Naturally acquired passive immunity
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Transfer of IgG antibodies from mother to fetus across placenta, or of IgA antibodies from mother to baby in mild during breast-feeding
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Artificially acquired active immunity
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Antigens introduced furing a vaccination stimulate cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immune responses, leading to production of memory cells. The antigens are pretreated to be immunogenic but not pathogenic; that is, they will trigger an immune response but not cause significant illness
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Artivicially acquired passive immunity
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Intravenous injection of immunoglobulins
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List some examples of non-specific resistance
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Intact skin
Mucous membranes Mucus Hairs Cilia Lacrimal apparatus Saliva Epiglottis Urine Gastric juice Acid pH of skin Unsaturated fatty acids Lysozyme |
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List the skin & mucous membranes
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Intact skin
Mucous membranes Mucus Hairs Cilia |
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List the Nonspecific resistance Chemical factors
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Gastric juice
Acid pH of skin Unsaturated fatty acids Lysozyme |
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List the Antimicrobial substances
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Interferon IFN
Complement Properdin Phagocytosis Inflamation Fever |
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Antibody
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Protein produced in the blood of vertebrates following exposure to an antigen
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Only IgG is able to cross the placenta to provide maternal innunity
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True
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IgM & IgG are typically produced sequentially in response to microparasitic infections
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True
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Antigen
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A protein, typically foreign, that elicits a specific immune response
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Endemic
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Levels of infection which do not exhibit wide fluctuations through time in a defined place
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Stable endemicity is where the incidence of infection or disease shows no secular trend for increase or decrease
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True
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Endemic fadeout
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Parasite extinction occurring because endemic levels are so low that is is possile for small stochastic fluctuations to remove all parasites.
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Epidemic fadeout
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Parasite extinction occurring because nubers are so low immediately following an epidemic that isis possible for small stochastic fluctuations to remove all parasites.
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Herd Immunity
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Remainder of population is immune, so transmission is reduced.
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Immunity
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1. State in which a host is not susceptible to infection or disease or 2. the michanisms by which this is achieved.
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Immunity is achieved by an individual through 3 routes: Natural/innate, Acquired after contact, artificial after a vaccination.
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True
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Artificial immunity is also referred to as specific immunity, resistance, or specific resistance.
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True
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Specific immunity has two divisions: Cellular & humoral
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True
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Specific/cellular immunity is acting via the direct involvement of T cells
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True
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Humoral immunity involves antibodies & B cells
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True
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Humoral immunity involves antibodies & B cells
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True
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