Salon Fundamentals Esthetics Ch. 8 Pt. 1 The Integumentary System

Front 1

Skin Physiology

Back 1

The study of the skin's Functions

Front 2

Integumentary system

Back 2

The skin and it's layers in the body make up the ____________________.

Front 3

Dermatology

Back 3

Is the study of the skin, its structure,functions, diseases and treatments.

Front 4

Dermatologist

Back 4

A physician that specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the skin, hair and nails.

Front 5

Pores

Back 5

Tiny openings or "passageways" which allow sweat or sebum (oil) to pass through the surface of the skin.

Front 6

Hair follicle

Back 6

located in a pore, that contains a hair root.

Front 7

Six functions of the skin

Back 7

1.Secretion
2.Protection
3.Absorption
4.Excretion
5.Regulation
6.Sensation

Front 8

Sebum

Back 8

A complex mixture of fatty substances that help to keep the skin soft, supple, and pliable.

Front 9

What are the 3 layers of the skin?

Back 9

1. Epidermis
2. Dermis
3. Subcutaneous

Front 10

Epidermis

Back 10

(epidermal layer) which is the outer most protective layer of the skin. [also referred to as the cuticle or scarf skin]

Front 11

What are the five layers within the epidermis?

Back 11

1. Stratum Corneum
2. Stratum Lucidum
3. Stratum Granulosum
4. Stratum Spinosum
5. Stratum Germinativum (Basal Layer)

Front 12

What are the two layers within the dermis?

Back 12

1. Papillary layer
2. Reticular layer

Front 13

Dermis

Back 13

(dermal layer) which is the underlying, or inner, second layer of the skin. This layer functions as the skins main support structure. [AKA derma, corium, cutis or 'trueskin'].

Front 14

What is the primary component of skin cells?

Back 14

Keratin (2)

Front 15

Keratin (1)

Back 15

protein substance that contains several chemical elements such as carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur.

Front 16

Hard Keratin

Back 16

makes up finger/toe nails (&hair)

Front 17

Soft Keratin

Back 17

Makes up the skin (& hair)

Front 18

Subcutaneous Layer

Back 18

(AKA Subcutis or subdermis) is located below the dermis and is composed primarily of adipose (fatty) tissue. Acts as a shock absorber and insulator to protect the bones and support other delicate structures.

Front 19

Epithelial Cells

Back 19

cover and protect the inside of the body.

Front 20

Keratinocyte

Back 20

Skin cell located throughout the epidermis; consists of keratin.

Front 21

Keratinization

Back 21

Conversion of living cells into dead protein cells. Takes place on all exposed skin surfaces except the cornea of the eye.

Front 22

Stratum Corneum

Back 22

(Hardened, "cornified", "horny" cells.) First and toughest layer of the epidermis that acts as the first passage way into the skin. Keratinocytes are continually shed and replaced by new cells from below.

Front 23

Desosomes

Back 23

Inter-cellular connections that interconnect keratinocytes.

Front 24

Squamous Cells

Back 24

Cell Found within the stratum lucidum with the main function of protection of the skin.

Front 25

Stratum Lucidum

Back 25

Layer found throughout the body, but is thickest on the hands and feet. Transparent layer that lies between the stratum corneum and stratum granulosum.

Front 26

Epidermal ridges

Back 26

(Whorls) located in the stratum lucidum that provide your feet and hands with traction.

Front 27

Organelles

Back 27

structures or components that perform specific functions for each cell.

Front 28

Stratum Granulosum

Back 28

cells become more regularly shaped and look like tiny granules. These granules (dying cells) are on their way to the skins surface to replace the cells that are shed from the stratum corneum.

Front 29

Stratum Spinosum

Back 29

(Spiny layer) desmosomes appear as "spines" between the cells that help to provide strength and support between cells.

Front 30

Langerhans Cells

Back 30

Also found in the Stratum Spinosum that help to protect the body from infection.

Front 31

Stratum Germinativum

Back 31

(Basal or 'basement') layer that contains basal cells that continually divide through mitosis, to replace the cells that have been keratinized from the outer most layer the stratum corneum. (approx 25-30 days)

Front 32

Hemidesmosomes

Back 32

(half a desmosome) are cellular connections that attach the epidermis to the dermis.

Front 33

Merkel Cells

Back 33

Found in the stratum germinativum are touch receptors (or sensory cells) .

Front 34

Mast Cell

Back 34

Releases histamines in response to allergic reactions.

Front 35

Melanocytes

Back 35

Cells that produce melanin to give skin its color; not found in thick skin, such as palms and soles.

Front 36

Elastin

Back 36

Fibrous protein similar to collagen; basis of what forms elastic tissue.

Front 37

Eccrine Glands

Back 37

Sweat glands located throughout the entire body; most abundant on forehead, the palms of hands and soles of feet; open directly onto the skins surface through pores NOT associated with hair follicles.

Front 38

melanosomes

Back 38

Intra-cellular vesicle that hold melanin

Front 39

Fibroblast Cells

Back 39

located in the dermis are responsible for the formation of fibers and aid in the production of collagen and elastin.

Front 40

Collagen

Back 40

A strong protein substance that, when broken down, form bundles that strengthen and give structure to the skin. (70% of the dermis)

Front 41

Papillary Dermis

Back 41

first layer of the dermis that is rich in blood vessels and capillaries, which provide nutrients to the upper layer. Houses sensory nerve endings.

Front 42

What are the four main receptors for sensation?

Back 42

1. Meissner's Corpuscles
2. Ruffini's Corpuscles
3. Pacinian Corpuscles
4. Krause's End Bulbs

Front 43

Meissner's Corpuscles

Back 43

Sense light pressure and cold.

Front 44

Ruffini's Corpuscles

Back 44

Long-term pressure and heat receptors.

Front 45

Pacinian Corpuscles

Back 45

Deep Pressure and pain receptors.

Front 46

Krause's End Bulbs

Back 46

Pressure and Pain receptors.

Front 47

Sudoriferous Glands

Back 47

produce sweat, a mixture of water, urea, electrolytes and lactic acid.

Front 48

Apocrine Glands

Back 48

Are the sweat glands located in the under arms, genitals and nipples.

Front 49

What are the five types of tissue found in the skin?

Back 49

1. Epithelial - epidermis
2. Connective - dermis
3. Muscular - Muscles
4. Nerve - Nerves
5. Liquid - blood and lymph

Front 50

Lymphocytes

Back 50

Carry Lymph

Front 51

Adipocytes

Back 51

Contain Fat used for energy production; also found in the subcutaneous layer.

Front 52

Macrophages

Back 52

Surround and digest foreign substances; white blood cells.

Front 53

Microphages

Back 53

fight infections

Front 54

Adipose Cells

Back 54

Provide insulation from and absorption of mechanical forces.

Front 55

Trans-dermal Penetration

Back 55

molecules pass through and penetrate the skin via the epidermis.

Front 56

What are the 4 primary ways products are absorbed into the skin?

Back 56

1. pores
2. hair follicles
3. inter-cellular cement
4. Sebaceous and Sudoriferous glands.

Front 57

Mechanical/Manual exfloiation

Back 57

Is the physical process of removing dead skin cells with and abrasive product, such as a scrub or brush.

Front 58

Chemical exfoliation

Back 58

the process of using a natural substance such as enzymes or alpha-hydroxy acids in conjunction w/ other ingredients to cause a chemical reaction that removes dead skin cells.

Front 59

Intra-cellular cement

Back 59

The substance that binds, adds structural strength, and mediates biochemical reactions between cells.

Front 60

What are some factors that can affect skin absorption?

Back 60

Condition of the stratum Corneum, Hydration Level, Oiliness, Products molecules, temperature, and pore size.

Front 61

Keloids/ Hypertrophic Scarring

Back 61

Over Production of collagen that creates a thick scar.

Front 62

Skin Histology

Back 62

Microscopic study of skin tissue.

Front 63

Protection

Back 63

Shields internal tissue from toxins.

Front 64

Absorption

Back 64

Absorbs vitamins, minerals, acids, water, medicine, oxygen & other substances through the pores.

Front 65

Secretion

Back 65

Sebum (oil) is secreted via the sub cutaneous glands to keep skin soft as well as form a barrier.

Front 66

Excretion

Back 66

Removes waste through sweat glands and pores.

Front 67

Regulation

Back 67

Maintains homeostasis (body temperature) through shivering, sweating and goosebumps.

Front 68

Sensation

Back 68

Nerve-end fibers transport stimuli sent from the brain & spinal cord to corresponding parts of the body.

Front 69

What are the two types of duct sweat glands?

Back 69

Apocrine & Eccrine

Front 70

What are four examples of connective tissues?

Back 70

Collagen & Elastin, Ligaments, Tendons, and Cartilage.

Front 71

Organ

Back 71

Separate body structure that performs most of the cells activities; stores food for growth, as well as repairs and restores the cell; structure or component that performs specific functions for each cell.

Front 72

What cell gives skin its color?

Back 72

Melanocytes

Front 73

Does the epidermis have a bloody supply?

Back 73

No