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44 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Microbiology

The study of small, living organisms called microbes, such as bacteria.

Bacteriology

The study of bacteria

Bacteria

Sometimes called germs or microbes, one celled micro-organisms.

Nonpathogenic

Non disease producing bacteria

Pathogenic

Disease producing bacteria

Saprophytes

Non pathogenic bacteria that live on dead matter and do not produce disease.

Contagious or communicable

When a disease spreads from one person to another via contact

Cocci

Spherical or round shaped bacterial cells that appear singularly or in groups.

Staphylococci

Puss forming bacterial cells that form grape like bunches or clusters and are present in abscesses, pustules, and boils.

Streptococci

Also puss forming bacterial cells that form in long chains and can cause septisema (blood poisoning), strep throat, rheumatic fever, and other serious infections.

Diplococci

Bacterial cells that grow in pairs and are the cause of certain infections, including pneumonia.

Bacilli

Most common form of bacterial cells. Bar or rod shaped cells that produce a variety of diseases including tetanus, bacterial influenza, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, and diphtheria.

Spirilla

Spiraled, corkscrew, coiled shaped bacterial cells that cause highly contagious diseases such as syphilis, cholera, and Lyme disease.

Active stage

When bacteria reproduce and grow rapidly.

Mitosis

When bacteria divides and creates two new cells.

Inactive stage

When bacterial cells die and become inactive and create spherical spores that are not harmed by disinfectants, cold, or heat.

Flagella or Cilia

Hair like projections on bacteria that gives bacilli or Spirilla the opportunity to move.

Viruses

Sub microscopic particles (much smaller than bacteria) that cause familiar diseases like the common cold, respiratory and gastrointestinal infections, chicken pox, mumps, measles, small pox, yellow fever, rabies, HIV, AIDS, hepatitis, and polio.

Human hepatitis b

Highly infectious disease that infects the liver.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

A disease caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). HIV interferes with the body's natural immune system and causes the immune system to break down.

External Parasites

Organisms that live on or obtain their nutrients from another organism called a host.

Parasitic Fungi

Molds and yeasts that produce such contagious diseases as ringworm (tinea capitis), honeycomb ringworm (favus), and nail fungus, and non contagious conditions such as dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis.

Parasitic Mites

Insects that cause contagious diseases, such as itch mites (scabies) and head lice (pediculosis capitis).

Infection

Occurs when disease causing (pathogenic) bacteria or viruses enter the body and multiply to the point of interfering with the body's normal state.

Bloodborne Pathogens

Disease causing bacteria or viruses that are carried through the blood or body fluids.

Local Infection

Located in a small, confined area. This is often indicated by a pus filled boil, pimple, or inflamed area.

General (or Systemic) Infection

Occurs when the circulatory system carries bacteria and their toxins to all parts of the body.

Asymptomatic Carrier

When a person carries disease producing bacteria or viruses with no recognizable symptoms of the disease.

Universal Precautions

A practice where the same infection control procedures are used for all clients.

Immunity

The ability of the body to destroy infectious agents that enter the body.

Active Immunity

Results when exposure to a disease organism triggers the immune system to produce antibodies to that disease (natural immunity) or introduction of a killed or weakened form of the disease organism through vaccination (vaccine induced immunity), such as polio or flu.

Passive Immunity

Provided when a person is given antibodies to a disease rather than producing them through his or her own immune system.

Infection Control

A term used to describe the efforts to prevent the spread of disease and kill certain or all microbes.

Efficacy

The ability to produce results or effectiveness.

Sanitation

To remove dirt and debris to aid in preventing the growth of microbes. Sanitation methods reduce microbes on the surface, but do not kill microbes.

Antiseptics

Arrest or prevent the growth of micro organisms on the skin.

Disinfection

To destroy or kill bacteria and a broad spectrum of viruses on non porous surfaces, such as implements.

Sterilization

To destroy or kill all microbes.

Efficacy Label

A label on disinfectants to inform the user on what the product is "effective in fighting against."

OSHA

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the regulating agency under the Department of Labor that enforces safety and health standards in the workplace.

Material Safety Data Sheets

Designed to provide key information on a specific product regarding ingredients, associated hazards, combustion levels, storage requirements, etc.

EPA

Environmental Protection Agency. Approves the efficacy of products used for infection control.

Broad Spectrum Disinfectants

A group of disinfectants that kill bacteria, viruses, fungi, and pseudomonas.

Good Samaritan Laws

Most states have enacted these to encourage people to help others in emergency situations. Give legal protection to people who provide emergency care to ill or injured person's.