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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the average salivary flow per minute for humans?
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~1 cc/min
1.5 L/day 138 gal/yr |
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Do babies produce lipase in their pancreas?
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No, Von Ebner's glands found at vallate papillae produce a potent lipase enough to handle 2.5x the volume of fat a baby normally would consume
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What is chitinase?
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amylase at high concentration can break down shells of hard bodied insects
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What animals depend on amylase to eat?
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animals that eat insects (bats)
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What must happen to food before we can taste it?
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It must be in a solution
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What is the anticoagulant found in vampire bat saliva?
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Draculin
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What is a therapy for stroke derived from vampire bat saliva?
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Desmotoplase
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How do gila monsters survive only eating 4x per year?
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it stops making insulin, then turns the pancreas back on after not eating for a long time using exendin
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What is the market name for exendin?
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Byetta
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What stimulates the beta cells in pancreas to divide and stimulate them to secrete insulin?
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Exendin/Byetta (gila monster stuff)
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What is a new salivary product for diabetics?
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exendin/byetta
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What comes from the saliva of a leech that thins the blood so circulation can be restored when attaching fingers that have been cut off
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hirudin
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What are some benefits of saliva to the hard and soft tissues of the mouth?
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1. excessively hot food or drink is cooled by saliva
2. acidic food - saliva has buffers that control the structure of acid 3. throwing up - will salivate excessively beforehand to protect mouth from HCL of stomach |
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What is it called when you do not have the major salivary glands or just some of them?
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Salivary gland agenesis
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What is a way that salivary gland agenesis may occur?
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individuals who have had radiation treatment for oral cancer.
salivary glands on the side of the mouth degenerate The radiation kills off the vascular supply, their teeth rot due to lack of salivary flow |
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What are some protective chemicals found in saliva?
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1. peroxidases
2. Lysozyme 3. Lactoferrin 4. IgA 5. IgG 6. Calcium Phosphate |
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What are the functions of peroxidases?
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peroxidases: bactericidal (kill bacteria)
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What are the functions of lysozyme?
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Lysozyme: dissolves the cell walls of bacteria
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What are the functions of lactoferrin?
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lactoferrin: (bactericidal) protein with ability to bind iron
most oral bacteria require iron to survive Lactoferring takes iron out of environment and bacteria die as a result |
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What is special about IgA in saliva?
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A lot of IgA in saliva
Secreted from small salivary glands in lips (large % of IgA, small % of saliva) |
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Where is IgG produced in the mouth?
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IgG comes from small salivary glands at the tip of the tongue
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What is the function of Calcium Phosphate?
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Calcium Phosphate acts to remineralize lost to demin due to acidic food
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How is saliva related to dentures?
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saliva aids in the fixation of dentures
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What are some compounds that are carried via the blood and get into saliva?
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1. medicines
2. saccharin (causes brassy taste) 3. Ethyl alcohol (breathalizer test) 4. Pregnancy Hormones (show up in saliva before blood test) 5. stress hormones (space medicine) |
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What can pigs use saliva for?
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Mating, submand gland converts testosterone
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How can some animals identify their babies?
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by their own saliva from grooming the babies
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Where is the parotid gland located?
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parotid gland anterior and slightly inferior relation to ear
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Where is the submandibular gland located?
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submandibular below mandible
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Where is the sublingual gland located?
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bulges under the tongue
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What is the relation of salivary ducts to glands?
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Major glands have long ducts
Minor glands have short ducts |
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What are the components of the serous secretions?
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1. Thin
2. watery 3. loaded with enzymatic/nonenzymatic proteins 4. few carbohydrates |
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What are the components of the mucous secretions?
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1. thick
2. ropey 3. viscous 4. slippery 5. few protein 6. loaded w/carbohydrates |
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What is the key production of secretory cells in the parotid gland?
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parotid gland has serous secretions so they are all geared towards protein production
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What do serous cells stain as?
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very basophilic due to a lot of RER
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What type of gland is the submandibular gland?
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submandibular gland is mixed, but mostly serous 12:1 (serous, mucous)
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What type of gland is the sublingual gland?
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sublingual = mixed mostly mucous
(but has anywhere from 5-20 separate glands some serous, some mucous, some mixed) |
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How do mucous cells stain on H&E?
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mucous cells don't stain very well.
they swell in prep pushing nucleus to bottom of cell |
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Where are purely mucous glands located?
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Minor glands almost all pure mucous glands (EXCEPT those that are connected w/Lingual Lipase)
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What is the preferred term for acini cells now?
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acini cells = endpieces
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what is the collective term for the acinus and the stems associated w/it?
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secretory unit
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Whys are striated ducts named so?
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Striated ducts are named according to the folded membrane structure causing basal striations
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What are the basal striations?
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basal striations are mitochondria
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what type of cells make up endpiece?
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endpiece = simple cuboidal, low simple cuboidal, simple squamous
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What type of epithelium is the excretory duct made of?
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pseudostratified epithelium
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