Sailing

Front 1

port

Back 1

left

Front 2

starboard

Back 2

right

Front 3

stern

Back 3

back

Front 4

bow

Back 4

front

Front 5

aloft

Back 5

up

Front 6

below

Back 6

inside vessel

Front 7

under

Back 7

outboard underneath vessel

Front 8

weatherside

Back 8

side where wind is blowing (upwind)

Front 9

leeward

Back 9

opposite side of weatherside (aka lee; downwind)

Front 10

headup

Back 10

turn boat to windward

Front 11

fall off

Back 11

turn boat away from wind

Front 12

athuart

Back 12

perpendicular to bow and stern

Front 13

alubber

Back 13

along the lubber line

Front 14

lubber line

Back 14

any line running parallel to keel line (centerboard)

Front 15

keel

Back 15

very bottom of boat, foundation

Front 16

ballast

Back 16

weight; most keels have this

Front 17

heel

Back 17

tipping in response to wind (so ballast helps keep it from tipping over)

Front 18

list

Back 18

tip associated with cargo

Front 19

leeway

Back 19

slippage of vessel sideways but keels help prevent the "slip to lee"

Front 20

beam

Back 20

widest part of ship

Front 21

length overall (LOA)

Back 21

total sum of everything

Front 22

length of waterline (LWL)

Back 22

water line length

Front 23

draft

Back 23

distance from waterline to deepest part of boat

Front 24

mast

Back 24

largest pole vertical out of boat

Front 25

spreader

Back 25

piece perpendicular sticking out of mast

Front 26

hull

Back 26

what creates bouyancy

Front 27

hull types

Back 27

displacement, planing

Front 28

displacement hull

Back 28

always in water; cannot exceed hull speed and displaces water all the time

Front 29

planing hull

Back 29

flat bottom; can go very fast and not restricted to hull speed

Front 30

theoretical hull speed

Back 30

how fast a boat can go (although boat can actually go faster sometimes)

squareroot of LWL, multiplied by 1.4 knots

Front 31

what affects hullspeed/ what is hullspeed

Back 31

hullshape, good time to reduce power (speed), and formula (squareroot LWL x 1.4 knots)

Front 32

free board

Back 32

how much you have left (actual water level to gunnel)

Front 33

topside

Back 33

LWL to gunnel

Front 34

gunnel

Back 34

point at which water would flow into vessel

Front 35

types of rigging

Back 35

standing, running

Front 36

diff b/e standing and running rigging

Back 36

standing rigging doesnt move; running rigging does

Front 37

standing riggings

Back 37

forestay/jibstay/headstay, shroud, backstay

Front 38

forestay/jibstay/headstay

Back 38

piece that runs down from top of mast to bow of boat

Front 39

shroud

Back 39

piece of standing rigging that comes down sides making sure mast doesn't tip over; runs over spreader

Front 40

backstay

Back 40

permanent and running, top of mast to back of boat

Front 41

running rigging

Back 41

halyards, sheets

Front 42

weather helm

Back 42

natural tendency to turn windward

Front 43

lee helm

Back 43

natural tendency to turn leeward

Front 44

halyard

Back 44

used to hoist sail, flag, ladder

Front 45

sheets

Back 45

used to control clews (corners) of sail

Front 46

basic types of sailing vessels

Back 46

sloop, ketch, yawl, schooner, cutter

Front 47

sloop

Back 47

1 mast (jib/mainmast), 2 sails

Front 48

ketch

Back 48

2 masts, front mast is bigger, mizzen/after mast sits in front of rudder

Front 49

yawl

Back 49

2 masts, front mast is bigger, mizzen/aft mast sits all the way in back and is very dinky and small

Front 50

schooner

Back 50

2 masts, smaller mast in front (foremast), larger mast in back (mainmast)

Front 51

cutter

Back 51

type of sloop, 1 mast, 3 sails (2 jib/headsails, 1 mainsail) and mast is 40% of way out

Front 52

sailing vessel sails

Back 52

jibheaded and gaff headed

Front 53

jib headed

Back 53

triangle shape

Front 54

gaff headed

Back 54

square shape

Front 55

jib headed corners

Back 55

tack- forward corner, clew- aft corner, head- top corner

Front 56

jib headed sides

Back 56

foot- bottom side, luff- leading/front edge, leech- trailing edge

Front 57

gaff headed corners

Back 57

tack- foward lower corner, clew- aft corner, peak- top corner, throat- forward upper corner

Front 58

gaff headed sides

Back 58

luff- leading edge, foot- bottom side, leech- back side, head- top side

Front 59

where to start when raising sails

Back 59

back to front (So start with main sail)

Front 60

sailing positions

Back 60

beat, close reach, beam reach, broad reach, run

Front 61

beat

Back 61

highest point of sail, as close as possible to eye (45 degrees)

Front 62

beam reach

Back 62

90 degrees

Front 63

close reach

Back 63

between beat and beam (between 45 and 90 degrees)

Front 64

running

Back 64

directly downwind (180 degrees)

Front 65

broad reach

Back 65

b/e running and beam reach (b/e 90 degrees and 180)

Front 66

sailing maneuvers

Back 66

coming about, jibing/gybing

Front 67

coming about

Back 67

turning bow toward eye of wind

Front 68

jibing/gybing

Back 68

turning stern through eye of windr

Front 69

eefing

Back 69

reducing sail size

Front 70

problem of being in irons

Back 70

when sail is pointed into wind, is locked down, so boat is probably not going anywhere

irons is 0 degrees orientation

Front 71

apreventing being in irons

Back 71

adjust sails if in irons, otherwise, make sure to steer boat with angle, and not directly into wind

Front 72

tacks

Back 72

port tack- wind coming from port side

starboard tack- wind coming from starboard side

Front 73

aerodynamics of sail

Back 73

bernoulli/venturi effect- explains what makes sails move

newton's 3rd law

Front 74

1 knot = ? miles/hr

Back 74

1.15 miles/hr

Front 75

1 knot per hr = ? ft

Back 75

6076 ft (1 nautical mile)

Front 76

1 nautical mile = ? min arc of latitude

Back 76

1 min arc of latitude

Front 77

1 degree of latitude = ? nautical miles

Back 77

60 nautical miles

Front 78

1 fathom = ? ft

Back 78

6 ft

Front 79

1 meter = ? ft

Back 79

3 ft

Front 80

mean tide/ average tide

Back 80

influenced by moon and sun

Front 81

types of tides

Back 81

mean low water, low low water (neap tide, see sun and half moon), high water (spring tide)

Front 82

lateral aids to navigation

Back 82

daymark, buoy, lights

Front 83

daymark

Back 83

"nuns"- red, even numbers, square on right (red right returning)

"cans"- green, odd numbers, triangle on left

Front 84

red rigth returning

Back 84

want to be on inside, not outside of red when rerturning

Front 85

numbering order of daymarks

Back 85

lowest number is furtherst out to see

Front 86

buoys

Back 86

not super good for navigating b/c can move

Front 87

chart keys for navigation marks

Back 87

exclamation mark like- fixed to bottom

rhombus shape- not fixed, floating (buoy)

diamond shape- has light

Front 88

3 characteristics of lights

Back 88

rhythm, phase, period

Front 89

rhythm lights

Back 89

fixed, flashing (off longer than on), occulting (off shorter than on)

phase- groups, ex. 1 or 2 flashes

period- time in sec

Front 90

magentic compass problems

Back 90

dont point to true northpole, only gyro compasses do (only used by large boats)

Front 91

deviation

Back 91

local disturbance, difference when reading the compasses

Front 92

variation

Back 92

global difference b/e the 2 norths

Front 93

heading

Back 93

where you are actually steering (b/c can't always be on course)

Front 94

course

Back 94

what is charted/laid out, but in reality cannot be maintained

Front 95

bearing

Back 95

magnetic position of object relative to you

Front 96

safety devices required

Back 96

PFD, radio, flares, fire extinguisher, ?

Front 97

haling and distress

Back 97

channel 16

Front 98

commercial traffic (ships) station

Back 98

channel 13

Front 99

coast guard station

Back 99

channel 22

Front 100

nomial range

Back 100

how far you can see the light b/c of its luminosity

Front 101

definition of position

Back 101

lattitude and longitude

Front 102

occult lights

Back 102

on longer than off

Front 103

flashing lights

Back 103

off longer than on

Front 104

large scale vs small scale chart

Back 104

large scale- defines small area

small scale- defines big area

Front 105

depth soundings

Back 105

taken at low tide (depth is decribed at low tide)

Front 106

height

Back 106

measured at high tide, helps us figure out geographic range

Front 107

spring tides

Back 107

when earth, sun, moon line up and tides are most extreme

Front 108

neap tide

Back 108

when earth, sun, moon not lined up, tides are mellowest

Front 109

depth measurement

Back 109

feet, meters, fathoms

Front 110

sailboat lights

Back 110

white- bow/stern light (will have 2 if engine)

red- port light (right)

green- starboard light (left)

Front 111

powerboat/ship

Back 111

same as sailboat but 2 white lights, one on each end

Front 112

if see red and green (and white) lights

Back 112

danger, running right at you (either sailboat if no white, and ship if white, less than 5 miles away)

Front 113

if see white light

Back 113

powerboat coming right at you

Front 114

if 2 white lights line up

Back 114

it's within 5 miles away

Front 115

if white that turns off

Back 115

sailboat

Front 116

right of way

Back 116

stand-on vessel, must maintain course and not allowed to change speed

Front 117

collision bearings

Back 117

magnetic and relative

Front 118

magnetic bearing

Back 118

compass- if degree/bearing increases, then other ship is going faster than you

if it decreases, it's going slower than you

if same, then collision

Front 119

elative bearing

Back 119

line mast up to ship and see whether the other ship is moving to the right or left

Front 120

definition of collision

Back 120

when bearing is constant

Front 121

give right of way vessel

Back 121

give-way vessel, must alter course and speed

Front 122

3 ways to get hit

Back 122

crossing, end on end/ head on, overtaking

Front 123

how to know when to give way

Back 123

if see red light

Front 124

end on collisions

Back 124

neither has right of way; both must turn to starboard, sound horn

Front 125

overtaking

Back 125

can't pass if going to impede so must give way

overtaking vessel is always give way

Front 126

perpendicular boats right of way

Back 126

boat on right always has right of way

Front 127

starboard tack right of way

Back 127

if wind is coming over on starboard side, then is stand on vessel and has the right of way

Front 128

parallel boats right of way

Back 128

if on starboard tack, the lower boat has right of way

(downwind ship has right of way)

Front 129

saill boat taking over powerboat right of way

Back 129

powerboat stands on b/c boat overtaking is responsible for avoiding collision and the power of the boat is irrelevant