Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is ESR?
What does it indicate? |
erythrocyte sedimentation rate -- greater than 15-20 indicates inflammation
|
|
What are most nosocomial infections caused by?
|
staphylococcus aureus
|
|
Chickenpox
incubation period? Assessment? what is rash like? Transmission? -- precautions? Nursing considerations? |
slight fever, tired, anorexia
rash -- pruritic, all three stages present transmission - spread by direct contact, droplet NI: isolate till crusted -- no aspirin -- calamine |
|
Diphtheria
Incubation period? Assessment? transmission? Precautions? |
prodromal -- resembles cold -- white gray pharyngeal membrane
transmission -- direct contact, through carrier NI: droplet precautions until 2 negative nose and throat cultures -- complete bedrest -- suctioning - respiratory distress |
|
Pertussis
Assessment? Transmission? Precautions? NI? |
prodromal -- URI 1-2 weeks -- whooping cough (night)
Transmission: direct contact, droplet NI: isolation during mucousy period (catarrah) encourage fluid, high humidity, restful environment, suction |
|
**Rubella -- other name?
incubation Assessment? transmission? Precautions |
Other name -- german measles
Asessment -- low grade fever, tired, maculopapular rash that begins on face and spread to entire body - petechial spots may occur on soft palate NI: isolate from pregnant women, symptoms subside first day after rash appears, Transmission: droplet |
|
Rubeola -- other name?
incubation? communicable? Assessment? Precautions? |
Other name -- measles
communicable 4 days before and 5 days after rash assessment -- fever, malaise, cough and koplik spots -- then rash begins behind ears and spread down -- turn brownish NI: respiratory precautions, dim lights -- isolate till 5th days -- airborne precautions |
|
Scarlet fever
Caused by? incubation? communicable? Transmission? Assessment? NI? |
Caused by group A, beta-hemolytic streptococci
communicable -- during incubation and clinical illness Transmission -- direct, droplet -- inegstion of contaminated food or milk Assessment: abrupt high fever, fluelike -- red find papular rash in axilla, groin,neck that spread to body, tongue coated and papillae become red and swollen (strawberry tongue), tonsils and pharynx swollen NI: respiratory, bed rest, fluids, droplet till 24 hours after antibiotics, fluids, soft diet |
|
Mono
cause? incubation? communicable? HOW? Assessment? NI: |
Cause -- epstein barr virus
communicable -- before onset to 6 months after Assessment: fever, sore throat, ab pain, lypmph and hepatosplenomegaly NI: watch for splenic rupture (ab pain, LUQ pain, left shoulder pain) -- family don't share cups, etc. |
|
Tonsillitis
Cause? Treatment? Complications? |
Cause -- positive GpA Strep
TX -- antibiotics Complications -- rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis |
|
Mumps
incubation? communicable? How? Transmission? Assessment? NI? |
communicable -- immediately before and after swelling begins -- through saliva
transmission -- direct contact, droplet Assessment: -- fever, HA, anorexia, earache followed by parotid gland swelling, orchitis (infl. of testes) NI: respiratory, bedrest till swelling subsides, soft foods, orchitis -- apply warmth and tight fitting underwear |
|
Roseola
caused by? incubation? Assessment? NI: |
Caused by herpes virus incubation 5-15 days
assessment? fever for 3-5 days followed by rash 1-2 days(blanches), NI: Supportive |
|
Poliomyelitis
Cause? Incubation? Transmission? Assessment? NI: |
Caused by enteroviruses
transmission -- oral secretions and feces transmission -- direct contact with person, fecal/oral and oropharyngeal routes Assessment: fluelike followed by sore and stiff and paralysis NI: enteric precautions, bed rest, respiratory, physical therapy |
|
Fifth Disease?
Cause? Incubation? assessment? NI? |
Caused by HPV
incubation? 4-14 days |
|
Airborne precautions include what?
What diseases are airborne? |
private room -- negative air pressure -- 6-12 exchanges/hr
door closed mask on patient if transported Diseases: measles, tubercolosis, varicella, disseminated zoster (shingles) |
|
Droplet precautions
Transport of pt. Examples of diseases? |
Private room -- shared only if same infection
spatial separation of 3 feet between pt. and visitors door can stay open mask on patient if transported Examples: streptococcus, pnemonia, meningitis caused by H. influenza type b mumps |
|
contact precautions?
What types of diseases? |
private or with same infection
clean, nonsterile gloves when entering dedicated equipment or clean and disinfect between patients Examples of diseases: MRSA, pediculosis, scabies |
|
Tuberculosis
Assessment? |
Progressive fatigue
Nausea anorexia weight loss irregular mense low-grade fever over period of time night sweats cough with sputum - dull aching chest |
|
Tuberculosis
Diagnostic |
Skin testing -- PPD (mantoux test) -- read 48-72 hours
10-mm induration = positive -- doesn't mean active disease is present, but indicates exposure to TB or presence of inactive disease greater than 5mm with aids is positive Multiple puncture Test (Tine) -- test read in 48-72, vesicle formation = positive, positive reactions verified by ppd Sputum smear for acid-fast bacilli Chest x-ray for all people with positive ppd |
|
Tuberculosis
How transmitted? |
Aerosolization -- may lie dormant for years and come back with stress
|
|
Tuberculosis
Risk factors? |
contact
IV drug abuser Institutions Lower class Immigrants (latin America, Asia, Africa) |
|
Tuberculosis
Treatment Plan |
notify state health department
6-9 months of INH therapy -- not if over 35 if low risk (+ skin test and x-ray - yes) because of liver damage Chemotherapy -- INH, rifampin, ethambutol, streptomycin Isolate 2-4 weeks (3 negative sputum) after drug therapy initiated -- sent home before this because family already exposed |
|
Tuberculosis
Teaching? |
Cover mouth and nose with tissue
Avoid exposure to dust, silicone Full courase of meds two or more cultures negative -- client no longer considered infectious |
|
Hepatitis
Assessment |
Jaundice
Anorexia RUQ pain clay-colored stools, tea colored urine pruritis AST ALT elevated prolonged PT percutaneous liver biopsy |
|
Hepatitis A
High Risk Group? Transmission? Daignostic? Treatment? NI? |
High Risk: young children, daycares, international travelers
Transmission: fecal oral/shellfish (contaminated waters) Diagnostic -- culture in stool and detect in serum before onset TX: gamma glubin early posexposure NI -- no preparation of food |
|
Hepatitis B
High Risk group? Transmission? Diagnostic tests? TX? NI? |
High risk -- drug addicts, fetuses from infected moms, homosexual, dialysis pt., healthcare workers
Transmission: parenteral drug abuse sex, blood and body fluids Diagnostic: blood Tx: hep B vaccine -- HBIg NI: Chronic carriers -- frequent |
|
Hepatitis C
High Risk? Transmission? diagnostic? TX? NI? |
frequent blood transfusions
international travelers hemophilia clients Transmission: contact with blood and bodily fluids NI: great potential for chronic |
|
Hepatitis D
High Risk? Transmission? Diagnosis? Where common? |
Risk: drug addicts
coninfects with Hep B transmission -- close personal contact Diagnostic test -- HD Ag in serum common in mediteraneum and middle eastern |
|
Hepatitis E
High risk? Transmission? diagnostic? NI? Population group it affects? Travelers from where? |
UNderdeveloped countries
Transmission: oral-fecal -- bad water resembles A -- does not become chronic -- seen in young adult and travelers from asia, africa, mexico |
|
toxic hepatitis
risk group? transmission? treatment? |
elderly
Drug-induced -- Transmission: noninfectious inflammation of liver NI: remove causative substance -- LOC - increase fluids |
|
Treatment for Hepatitis
precautions? diet? Medications? |
Bedrest for severe symptoms
contact precaution diet -- low fat, high calorie, carb, protein -- no alcohol Meds -- vitamin K -- antiemetics -- tigan or dramamine -- no compazine (hepatic toxic) -- steroids |
|
Hepatitis
Teaching? |
avoid alcohol and hepatic toxic drugs -- aspirin and sedatives
can't donate blood |
|
Lyme Disease
Assesment? Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 |
Stage 1 -- rash (bullseye) -- lymphadenopathy -- flulike
stage 2 -- (1-6 months if untreated) -- cardiac conductions problems, neuro (bells palsy - no permanent) stage 3 -- arthralgias (several months later) -- may persist for years |
|
Lyme Disease
Treatment? |
Antibiotics -- doxycycline, ceftriaxone, azithromycin -- stage 1
IV penicillin later stages |