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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The factor affecting safety in which a person may be at risk for falls or cause harm to themselves is _____.
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mobility and physical/emotional health
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Sensory perception is a factor that can affect safety. This means that
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taste, vision, hearing, and depth perception may not be good which can cause the person to become injured.
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Cognitive and safety awareness are factors that affect safety. This asks...
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how aware are people of hazards around them?
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Ability to communicate is a factor that may affect safety because...
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people may speak different languages or be confused/aphasic which can lead to misunderstanding.
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____ means a person can't express what they need, want, or feel; or they can't comprehend what you are saying.
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Aphasic
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Environmental factors that can affect safety are the possibility of _____.
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bioterrorism.
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The leading cause of death during infancy is _____.
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accidents
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The leading cause of death in school age children is
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injuries from accidents- car crash, drowning, fire, and firearms.
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A person with paralysis, muscle weakness, diminished balance, lack of coordination, or recent surgery recent surgery are classified as having a ____ factor affecting safety.
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mobility
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The leading cause of death in middle age groups is ____.
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car crashes
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The 2 leading causes of death in teens is
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suicide and homicide.
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The leading causes of death in young adults are
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car crash, drowning, fire, burns, firearms and suicide.
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Manifestations of child abuse include:
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-child's report of physical or sexual abuse
-conflicting stories abt the accident -injury inconsistent with history -STI, genital pain, itching, redness -inappropriate response of caregiver -inappropriate response of child, such as little or no response |
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Safety hazards for the developing fetus are:
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exposure to maternal smoking, alcohol consumption, addictive drugs, x-rays (first trimester), certain pesticides
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Safety hazards for newborns and infants include:
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falling, suffocation in crib, placed in the prone position, suffocation when entangled in cords, choking from aspirated milk or ingested objects, burns from hot water or other spilled hot liquids, automobile crashes, crib or playpen injuries, electric shock, poisoning
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Safety hazards for toddlers include:
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physical trauma from falling, running into objects, aspiration of small toys, getting cut by sharp objects, automobile crashes, burns, poisoning, drowning, and electric shock.
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Safety hazards for preschoolers include:
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injury from traffic, playground equipment and other objects, choking, suffocation, and obstruction of airway or ear canal by foreign objects, poisoning, drowning, fire and burns, harm from other people or animals.
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Safety hazards for adolescents include:
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vehicular crashes, recreational injuries, firearms, substance abuse
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Safety hazards for older adults include:
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falling, burns, pedestrian, and automobile crashes.
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A safety hazard for children and elderly adults is ______.
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abuse
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Elder abuse may include:
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physical, psychological, sexual, financial, failure to provide appropriate medications/treatments, isolation, unreasonable confinement, and lack of privacy.
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Physical and behavioral manifestations of elder abuse include:
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injuries inconsistent with reported cause, excoriation on wrist or legs, dried blood, dependent on caregiver, combative, prolonged interval btwn injury and medical treatment, or fear of certain people or places.
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Common safety issues in the home and healthcare setting are:
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falls, fires, poisoning, pollution, suffocation, firearm injuries, improper use of equipment/procedure related- accidents
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_____ is a marked increase in the intensity of auditory and visual stimulation. It disrupts information processing.
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Sensory overload
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_______ are a series of specific actions that accredited organizations are required to take in order to prevent medical errors.
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National Patient Safety Goals
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The National Patient Safety Goals were developed by the _____.
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Joint Commission
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_____ were established to help accredited organizations address specific concerns related to patient safety.
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National Patient Safety Goals
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There are 8 National Patient Safety Goals:
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-Improve accuracy of patient/resident identification
-Improve effectiveness of communication among caregivers -Improve safety of using medications -Reduce risk of health care associated infections -Prevent health care associated pressure ulcers -Reduce risk of resident harm resulting from falls -the hospital identifies safety risks inherent in its patient population. -Accurately and completely reconcile medications across continuum of care |
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Universal protocol says we should:
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-conduct preprocedure verification process
-mark the procedure site -timeout performed before procedure |
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____% of elderly adults in long term care suffer a fall at some time.
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45-75
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Some factors that put a patient at risk for falls include:
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history of falls, <2yrs or >65yrs, lives alone, use of assistive device, medications, restrains, scatter rugs, cluttered environment, dimly lit room...
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To determine the risk of falling/falls assessment use the ______.
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Hendrich II Fall Risk Model
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According to the Hendrich II Fall Risk Model, known risk factors for falls are:
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confusion/disorientation, depression, altered elimination, dizziness/vertigo, gender (male), any administration of prescribed antielilpetics (anticonvulsants), any administration of prescribed benzodiazepines, and performance on the Get up and Go test.
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On the Get up and Go Test a 0 means...
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the patient is able to rise easiy.
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On the Get up and Go Test a 1 means...
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the patient must push but can get up in a single movement.
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On the Get up and Go Test a 3 means...
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the patient takes a while but gets up after several attempts.
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On the Get up and Go Test a 4 means...
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the patient is unable to rise without assistance
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Interventions for patients with a Risk for Falls diagnosis include:
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-determine risk of falling
-orient client to environment -avoid unnecessary use of restraints -assess for/ remove clutter in hallways -assist with transfer/ambulation as appropriate |
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Preventive measures for a client with poor vision include:
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-ensure eyeglasses are functional
-ensure appropriate lighting -mark doorways and edges of steps -keep environment tidy |
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Preventive measures for a client with cognitive dysfunction (confusion, disorientation, impaired memory, or judgement) include:
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set safe limits to activities and remove unsafe objects
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Preventive measures for patients with impaired gait or balance and difficulty walking because of lower extremity dysfunction include:
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wear shoes with non-skid soles, use ambulatory devices as needed, provide assistance with ambulation, monitor gait and balance, adapt living arrangements to one floor, encourage activity and exercise as tolerated, and ensure uncluttered environment.
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Preventive measures for patients with difficulty getting in and out of bed include:
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encourage client to request assistance, keep the bed in the low position, install grab bars in bathroom, and provide raised toilet seat.
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Preventive measures for patients with orthostatic hypotension are:
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have client rise slowly from lying to sitting to standing. Stand a few moments before walking
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Preventive measures for patients with urinary frequency or who are receiving diuretics include:
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provide a bedside commode and assist with voiding on a frequent and scheduled basis.
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Preventive measures for patients with weakness from disease process or therapy include:
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encourage client to ask for help and monitor activity tolerance.
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Preventive measures for clients with a current medication regimen that includes sedatives, hypnotics, tranquilizers, narcotic analgesics, or diuretics include:
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-attach side rails to bed if approp.
-keep rails in place when bed is in lowest position -monitor orientation and status of patient -discuss how alcohol contributes to fall-related injuries -encourage clients not to mix alcohol and meds (avoid alcohol) -encourage annual or more frequent review of all medications prescribed |
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____ are protective devices used to limit the physical activity of the client or a part of the body.
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Restraints
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____ restraints are a device.
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Physical
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_____ restraints are a medication.
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Chemical
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Hazards associated with restraint use include:
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-danger of suffocation
-impaired circulation -altered skin integrity -fractures -altered nutrition and hydration -aspiration and breathing difficulties -incontinence |
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The legal implications of restraints are protected against by following standards which were devised by
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US Centers of Medicare and Medicaid Services.
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____ restraints are used when a patient is homicidal/suicidal.
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Behavioral management
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With behavioral restraints, the patient must be assessed by a practitioner within ____ and it is only valid for _____.
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1 hour
4 hours |
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Patients in _____ restraints must be monitored continually with visual and audio monitoring if they are secluded.
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behavioral
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_____ restraints are used to temporarily immobilize patients for treatment reasons.
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Medical Surgical
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The medical surgical care standard states:
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-patient can be restrained up to 12 hrs while obtaining physician's order
-order must be renewed every 24 hrs -thorough documentation is required (alternatives to restraints that have been used and assessments while restrained) |
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A nurse must always have an order for a ____ restraint beforehand.
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chemical
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Guidelines for assessing patient during restraint use are:
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see pg740
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National Patient Safety Goals are geared to prevent ____.
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never events
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A ____ is an unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical or psychological risk.
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sentinel
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An example of a sentinel event could be:
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loss of a limb or function or the risk thereof
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____ events signal the need for immediate investigation and response so we can find out why it happened.
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Sentinel
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The reason a sentinel event or never event occurred can be determined thru
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root cause analysis
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_____ occurs when we see what we can identify as the problem so it won't happen again.
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Root cause analysis
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A _____ event is a serious medical error or adverse event that should never happen to a patient.
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never
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The consequences of never events include:
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patient harm and increased cost to the institution.
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Culture of safety is
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the behavior when no one is watching
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An ____ is a confidential document that objectively describes the circumstances of an accident or unusual occurrence, details the client's response, examination, and treatment of the client after the incident.
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incident report
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The incident report is used for _____.
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quality improvement
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AMA means
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against medical advice
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An incident report should be completed ____ after an accident occurs.
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immediately
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An incident report _____ (should/should not) be mentioned in client documentation and/or medical record.
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should not
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