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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Must the woman personifying kingship be supernatural or human?
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Doesn't matter
Etain is reborn as a human Hepta is a human princess but recognizable as special (that's a theme) |
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Conn of the Hundred Battles
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Supposedly reigned around A.D. 150.
Claimed as ancestor by the dynasties of the Uí Néill and Connachta. |
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Uí Néill
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A group of related royal families, with territories both in the North and in the Midlands.
The Uí Néill controlled the kingship of Tara, and claimed the kingship of all Ireland, from (at least) the seventh century down to the eleventh. |
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The Trance of the Phantom
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The king (with his druids and poets) protects the land from the Otherworld.
The royal stone: magical objects proclaim the rightful king. Lug as the god associated with the kingship of Tara. Kingship personified as a young woman serving drink. The ale of kingship remains in the possession of the rightful king and his descendants. |
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The tests for the kingship of Tara
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From The Descendants of Conaire Már
Charriot would tilt up before any man not destined to become king Horses would charge at him Kings mantle on the charriot would be too big for man not destined to be king |
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Coronation Stone
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Taken to scotland at some point
Then when invaded, english took it back to westminster abbey, which was where monarch would be coronated So symbolizes sacred kingship – still returned to westminster for each coronation |
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Sacred Kingship in Wooing of Etain
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See this with midir wanting the charriot and the cloak and, of course, etain
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The Descendants of Conaire Már vs. Wooing of Etain
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-in descendants, the girl who is the sovereignty of ireland is distributing drink and wants to make sure she gives it to the right person, and then gives it to lug
-just like in etain... she and the whole drink thing |
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Rosmerta
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Consort of the celtic version of Mercury
The root smer- in her name relates both to serving food and drink and to knowing the future. |
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How we know Conn is the rightful king
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Lug makes sure drink is poured for him
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Who is the phantom and what does he do?
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lug
acknowledges conn as the rightful king |
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Conn
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Ancestor of the Ui Neill
Legit king of ireland, high king Phantom tells him how long his peeps are going to reign for |
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The legend of the foundation of Marseilles
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There's a marriage of Nannus's daughter
Euxenus as the good stranger shows up at the wedding A girl, Peta, is supposed to come and offer drink to the groom But instead she offers it to Euxenus, so father decides that's a sign and makes him king He marries Peta and changes her name to Aristoxene |
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The Descendants of Conaire Már
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Lug comes and tells Conn that he is the rightful king
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Meaning of Euxenus
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Good stranger
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Meaning of Petta
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piece, or territory
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Peta's tribe's name
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Segobrigii
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Segobrigii
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Peta's tribe
Definitely celtic name |
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The story of Niall Noígiallach
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Brothers resting in the forest, need water
One goes and meets a hag, who won't give them water without a kiss on the cheek They all say no until Niall, the last one comes and says that he'll do the kiss and also lie beside her She turns into a beautiful princess named Sovereignty |
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Significance to princess in Niall's story
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Sovereignty, just like her appearance, starts wolfish and then gets beautiful and is not won without battle and difficulty
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Parallel of Niall's story to Etain
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true king can recognize beauty even when it looks ugly
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Forms of the Woman of Sovereignty
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Before her union with the rightful king, the “goddess” figure may appear:
Old Hideous Poverty-stricken Mad |
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aśvamedha
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Indian horse-sacrifice, in which the king’s wife pretends to copulate with the corpse of a sacrificial horse.
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Uí Maic Láire
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Descendants of the Son of the Mare’
alternative name for the eastern Eóganacht dynasties of Munster |
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The significance of The story of Niall Noígiallach
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Drink is guarded by a woman personifying the kingship
• She appears to be hideously ugly (in other versions: old, poor, mad) • Only the rightful king will unite with her. |
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The inauguration of the kings of Cenél Conaill
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Compared to aśvamedha horse-sacrifice, in which the king’s wife pretends to copulate with the corpse of a sacrificial horse.
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Medb's name
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tied up in words for intoxication
clearly related to mead diminutive form means "drunk" or hungover mostly means one who intoxicates personification of sovereignty rather than just mortal human |
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Characters name Medb
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portrayed as different queens at different times, but all similar
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2 personifications of same goddess Medb
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1) Medb of connacht -> daughter of king of Tara (big deal), most famous one
2) Medb Lethderg, queen of Tara, descended from kings of Leinster (originally kings of Tara) - perfect symbol for kingship itself, comes rom Leinster bound of with Tara |
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Medb Lethderg
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Very connected to Cualu and have to drink ale of Cualu – name directly connected to intoxication and right to kingship, so has political symbolism
Can't be king if not married to her But without her there can be no king pErsonification of right to rule Also poisoned Lugaid of the Loígis – so can give drink of kingship, but can also bring on weakness, division and downfall |
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Lugaid of the Loígis
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Person that Medb poisoned
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Who did medb poison?
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Lugaid of the Loígis
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What did Medb do to Loígis itself?
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Divided it into seven parts, so they would have less power against her descendants
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Bkgd to Sinorix and Camma
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Story comes through Galatia – turkey, settled by celts, eastern most part of the celtic world
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Sinorix and Camma
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Sinatus and Sinorix, distant kinsmen, most powerful of the tetrarchs of Galatia
Sinorix falls for Camma, so kills Sinatus, her husband, and proposes to her But he's not the rightful king, so she pretends to be ok and consider it She poisons him – takes revenge, on account of his killing her husband She drinks some of the drink first, and then tells him to drink the rest. So she dies too, but still good because he dies. |
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Sinatus and Sinorix
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distant kinsmen, most powerful of the tetrarchs of Galatia
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Camma
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Wife of Sinatus
Priestess of Artemis (so mythological aspect to story) Young, beautiful and virtuous |
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Meaning of names in Sinorix and Camma
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Camma means bent/evil
Sinorix means old king (as in shouldn't be king anymore) Names perfectly correspond to their roles which means people of myth, rather than actual history |
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Artemis in Sinorix and Camma
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Different role than in typical greek mythology
She's a hugely importan mother feature here, though still associated with animals – nursing figure of all creatures |
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Btw the lines on Sinorix and Camma
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He thought that drink would unite him to her, but instead destroys him, since he's not the rightful king
Here she's human, but there are clues that she was once a goddess or something |
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Crimthann mac Fidaig and Mongfhind – important points
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Drink of alliance actually a drink of poison
Queen who is worshipped as a goddess by “women and the common people” |
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Mongfhind
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wife of king of tara, Niall's stepmom
May be manifestation of the goddess of kingship Wants [brother] out of the way so her son can get kingship She's a woman of the Síd – nothing suggests supernatural waters but on the feast of samhain people pray to her. otherwise seems human |
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Crimthann mac Fidaig and Mongfhind
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Mongfhind puts poison in brothers hand to welcome him and deceive him – she drinks first then him (like Sinorix and Camma)
Happens on night of Samain – most supernatural time 2 worlds most easily interact |
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Significant thing in Crimthann mac Fidaig and Mongfhind
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Features women and common people – interesting because nobody usually cared or wrote about them
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Macha Mongruad
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Multiple manifestations of her, like Medb
Makes self very ugly – form of leper Destroys the false kings Like version of Niall of the 9 hostages, but opposite – here they all try to rape her instead of nobody wanting to kiss her |
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Negative side of Sovereignty Goddess
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Destroying the false instead of exalting the true
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Battle of Mag Muccrame
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Rule of unrightful king becomes impossible when rightful king comes along
false judgment means cease to become king at all, even if have political power so again, king only king if people of other world will it so, so connection with nature super important |
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Why sacred kingship so important
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King organizing point of whole society
center point of everything when he fails, conditions of survival disappear |
