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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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aspect ratios
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the width to height ratio of the film frame as it appears on a movie screen or television monitor
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focal length
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the distance from the center of the lens to the point where light rays meet in sharp focus
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wide angle lens/shot
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a lens with a short focal length (typically less than 35mm) that allows cinematographers to explore a depth of field that can simultaneously show foreground and background objects or events in focus
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Telephoto lens
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a lens with a focal length of at least 75mm, capable of magnifying and flattening distant objects; see also zoom lens
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zoom lens
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a lens with variable focal length
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rack/pull focus
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a dramatic change in focus from one object to another
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split screen
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the visible division of the screen, traditionally in half, but also in several simultaneous images, rupturing the illusion that the screen's frame is a seamless view of reality, similar to that of the human eye.
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framing
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the portion of the filmed subject that appears within the borders of the frame; it correlates with camera distance, e.g. long shot or medium shot
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mobile framing
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a property of a shot in which the camera itself moves or borders of the image are altered by a change
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pan
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a left or right rotation of the camera, whose tripod or mount remains in a fixed position that produces a horizontal movement onscreen
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tilt
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an upward or downward rotation of the camera, whose tripod or mount remains in a fixed position, producing a vertical movement onscreen
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tracking/dolly shot
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a shot that changes the position of the point of view by moving forward, backward, or around the subject, usually on tracks that have been constructed in advance
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crane shot
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a shot taken from a camera mounted on a crane that can vary in distance, height, and angle
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Steadicam
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a camera stabilization system introduced in 1976 that allows a camera operator to film a continuous and steady shot without losing the freedom of movement afforded by the handheld camera
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hand-held
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a lightweight camera that can be carried by the operator rather than mounted on a tripod. Such cameras, widely used during WWII, allowed cinematography to become more mobile and fostered the advent of on-location shooting
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reframing
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the process of moving the frame from one position to another within a single continuous shot
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following shot
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a pan, tilt, or tracking shot that follows a moving individual or object
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long take
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a shot of relatively long duration
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masking/iris
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a shot in which the frame is masked so that only a small circular piece of image is seen
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point of view shot
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a subjective shot that reproduces a character's optical point of view, often preceded and/or followed by shots of the character lookinq
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CGI (computer generated imagery)
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still or animated images created through digital computer technology. First introduced in the 70s, was used to create feature-length films by the mid 90s and is widely used for visual effects
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process shot
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a special effect that combines two or more images as a single shot, such as filming an actor in front of a projected background
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Schufftan process
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a movie special effect named after its inventor...adds scale model or drawing with actors to create resulting image
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