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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
demography
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study of populations over time and over place
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3 major components of demography
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fertility, mortality, and migration
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mortality
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death rates in population
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fertility
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birth rates in population
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migration
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movement of people within a country
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the effects of 3 population components on various elements such as:
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1. economic patterns
2. social proceses 3. social policy |
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Cohort Analysis
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investigate effect of cohort size and distribution in a population
- important as baby boomers move closer to retirement age |
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Demographic transition
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changes of level of mortality and fertility over time
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Demographic Transition:
Prior Industrial Revolution |
- high fertility
- high mortality |
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Demographic Transition:
Industrial Revolution |
- low mortality
- low fertility |
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Demographic Transition:
Final Stage |
- low mortality
- low fertility - some fluctuation |
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Epidemiological transition
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- aging population -leading cause of death changes from infectious acute illness to chronic and degenerative disease
- increase in life expectancy |
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Population Aging - Canada:
highest rate of population aging will be between (2011- 20___ |
2031; baby boomers will be at top levels of structure
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Median Age
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middle person of population
= 2011- 41 and over |
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Baby boom cohort
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people born from 1947-1966
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Baby boom in text
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1946-1966
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Baby bust cohort
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1967-1979 (5.4 million people 1996)
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Baby boom echo cohort
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1980-1995 (6.9 million people)
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Generation X
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end of baby boom cohort 1960-1966
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Demographic determinism/ apocalyptic demography
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cohort size and characteristics affect certain trends and are important for social change
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Problem with demographic determinism
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- some researchers and media have used or misused demographic data to present a crisis when factual evidence does not support it
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Dependency Ratio
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(people no in labour force)/ (people in labour force)
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Youth dependency ratio
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(ppl 0-19yo) / (ppl 20-64yo)
- has decreased |
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Overall dependency ratio (peaked/ went down)
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peaked in 1960-1970
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Large National Debt
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- haven't been erased 25C of every $1
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Sex ratio
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# of men per 100 women
- result of mortality differences |
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Life expectancy
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- # of yrs expected to remain alive
- can be calculated at any age - has lowered for women |
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Ethnic composition
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affects aging because of importance of ethnic culture on attitudes, values, behaviours
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Global aging
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over 60:
- 10% globally - 8% less developed countries - 20% in developed countries |