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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Explain Mercantilism
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- The belief that a country’s power was measured by the amount of gold or silver in its treasury.
- Needed to export>import - British relied on American resources for Mercantilism - Laws passed to regulate this mercantilism - Navigation Act of 1650 - Aimed at Dutch for trying to trade with America - All Commerce going to colonies must be in a British Vessel - Britain made some products only available to Britain exclusively although price may be better elsewhere - Notably Tobacco - Currency Shortage on colonies - Britain banned printing of money by colonies |
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What were the WAG Wars?
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- All Wars were for European Control of North America
- Neither side saw it worth it to send many troops to fight • King William's War • Queen Anne's War • King George's War |
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Explain King William's war
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• British Colonists vs. French coureurs de bois
• 1689-1697 |
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Explain Queen Anne's War
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• British Colonists vs. French coureurs de bois
• 1702-1713 • No troops were sent by Britain or France • Combat was Guerilla warfare • Spain allied with France |
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Explain King George's war
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• War of Jenkins’ Ear led into this war
• France and Spain vs. Britain • Invasion of New France (Canada) • Britain captures Louisbourg • Peace treaty of 1748 gave Louisbourg back to France |
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What were the results of Queen Anne's war
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o Peace terms were signed in Utrecht in 1713
o Revealed how badly France and Spain were beaten o Britain was rewarded French territory Acadia (Nova Scotia), Newfoundland, and the Hudson Bay o Also won limited trading rights in Spanish America o Led to British captain Jenkins’ ear being cut off o Started war of Jenkins’ ear |
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What was the result of King George's war
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o Upset colonists because they were unable to settle upon the land they just won as it was returned to France
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What was the Navigation Act of 1650
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o Aimed at Dutch for trying to trade with America
o All Commerce going to colonies must be in a British Vessel |
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What was the Sugar Act
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o 1764
o Enacted by George Greenville o Increased duty on foreign sugar from West Indies |
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What was the Quartering Act of 1765
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o Enacted by George Greenville
o Required colonies to provide food and quarters for British Troops |
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What was the Stamp Act
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o 1765
o Enacted by Prime Minister George Greenville o To raise revenues to support the new military force o Stamps were required on Bills of Sale, playing cards, pamphlets, newspapers, diplomas, bills of lading, and marriage licenses o Only asking Americans to pay for their defenses |
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What was the Townshend Tea Tax
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o Charley Townshend
o Light import duty on glass, white lead, paper, paint, and tea o Indirect tax rather than a direct tax such as the stamp act o Revenues were to pay the salaries of Royal governors and judges in America o Resulted in Nonimportation agreements among Americans |
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What was the economic idea of the Navigation Act
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To make resources of America only available to Britain or to have Britain make money off of foreign trade
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What was the economic idea for the Acts enacted after 1763
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to raise money to pay off the 170 million pounds in debt, half of which was acquired by protecting the Americans.
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Who were the Main Participants of the French and Indian War
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• Britain and Prussia VS. France, Spain, Austria, and Russia
• Germany drew French forces away from the war, Frederick the Great was subsidized in gold for his efforts by Britain |
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Why was the French and Indian War fought?
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• For Control of the much wanted Ohio Country
• Economic Security • Britain’s supremacy of their way of life in North America • Authority |
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Where was the FRench and indian War Started
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• 1754 - Fort Duquesne by George Washington who was sent as a lieutenant colonel in command of about 150 militiamen to secure British land claims in the Ohio Country
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Where was the French and Indian War Fought
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• America
• Europe • West Indies • Philippines • Africa • The Ocean |
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What were the results of the French and Indian War
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o Spited American Independence with removal of French and Spanish from North American Continent
o Made France support the idea of America rising for their independence as revenge toward Britain o Treaty of Paris dealt a harsh blow to interior Indian Tribes o Iroquois, Creeks, and others o Indians would have to deal exclusively with British o 140 million British Pounds in debt that needed paid |
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Explain the Proclamation of 1763
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- Prohibited British Settlement beyond the Appalachian Mountains
- Enacted not to oppress colonists but to protect them from more uprisings like Pontiac |
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Why was the Stamp Act different from the previous acts
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• The Stamp Act was Parliament's first serious attempt to assert governmental authority over the colonies, redefining the relationship between Britain and the Colonies
• This legislation seemed to jeopardize the basic rights of the colonists as Englishmen • Sent the offenders to Admiralty courts where there was no jury and it was “Guilty until proven innocent” |
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What were the colonial responses to the Stamp Act
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• “No taxation without representation”
• Scoffed at Greenville’s idea of virtual representation |
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Explain the Sons of Liberty
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• Cried “Liberty, Property, and No Stamps”
• Very radical • Tar and feathers • Ransacked houses of unpopular officials • Took their money • Hanged effigies (Picture, some sort of representation) of stamp agents on liberty poles |
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Explain the Stamp Act Congress
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• 1765
• Met in NYC • 27 distinguished delegates from 9 colonies • Brought together Colonial Unity • Ignored in Britain • Little effect in America |
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Explain the Townshend Acts
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- Charley Townshend
- Light import duty on glass, white lead, paper, paint, and tea - Indirect tax rather than a direct tax such as the stamp act - Revenues were to pay the salaries of Royal governors and judges in America - Resulted in Nonimportation agreements among Americans |
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Explain the Boston Massacre
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- March 5, 1770
- Roughly 60 townsfolk started taunting and throwing snowballs at 10 British Redcoats - Angry about death of an 11 year old boy who was shot 10 days earlier during a protest against a merchant who bought British Goods during the boycott - Without orders, British troops opened fire on crowd - One of the first to die was Crispus Attucks - Powerfully built runaway “Mulatto” - Only 2 soldiers were guilty of manslaughter - Released after being branded on the hand |
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Explain the Boston Tea Party
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- Massachusetts governor, Tom Hutchinson ordered Boston Tea Ships not to clear harbor until cargo was unloaded
- December 16, 1773 - Roughly 100 Bostonians dressed as Indians and dumped 342 chests of tea into the Atlantic Ocean |
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Explain the intolerable Acts
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- Designed to chastise Boston and Massachusetts
- Closed the Boston Harbor until all damages were repaid and order was restored - Were nicknamed “the massacre of American Liberty” - Many chartered rights of colonial Massachusetts were swept away - Restrictions were placed on town meetings - British officers who killed colonists could now be sent to Britain for trial - Where colonists assumed they would get away with it - New Quartering Act where British soldiers could be lodged anywhere, even private homes - Accompanied in 1774 by Quebec Act which extended Quebec into present day Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Ontario |
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Explain the First Continental Congress
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- September 5 to October 26, 1774
- Met in Philadelphia to consider ways of redressing colonial grievances - 12/13 colonies sent 55 men - Georgia was missing - Men included Samuel Adams, John Adams, George Washington, and Patrick Henry - Convention rather than a congress - Results included a Declaration of Rights as well as other appeals - Also created “The Association” - Called for a complete boycott of British goods |
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Explain the battles of Lexington and Concord
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- April 1775
- British soldiers were to seize stores of colonial gunpowder - Also were to capture rebel leaders John Hancock and Samuel Adams - Lexington - Minutemen did not respond fast enough and 8 Americans were killed as well as several more wounded - Concord - 70 British killed |
