Sa Med Final Exam (Troy)

Front 1

What are the major and minor systems affected by hepatozoonosis?

Back 1

1 - MS
2 - GI

Front 2

What is the main species affected by Hepatozoonosis?

Back 2

dog

Front 3

What agents cause hepatozoonosis?

Back 3

H. americanum (NA)
H. canis

Front 4

What is the vector for hepatozoonosis?

Back 4

Ambyloma maculatum
-Gulf Coast Tick

Front 5

What are the carriers for Hepatozoonosis?

Back 5

coyote and bob-cat

Front 6

The primary clinical sign of hepatozoonosis is in the MS. What are the details?

Back 6

muscle pain and atrophy, severe hyperestheisa over the paraspinal region, joint pain (periostitis), stiffness

Front 7

Is hepatozoonosis an acute or chronic disease?

Back 7

chronic wasting disease of dogs

Front 8

How is H. americanum transmitted?

Back 8

ingesting the tick

Front 9

GI is a secondary symptom of hepatozoonosis. describe.

Back 9

often seen before muscle pain; acute, bloody diarrhea

Front 10

Is there a fever with hepatozoonois?

Back 10

yes - cyclic

Front 11

What are three common things to see on the lab report with hepatozoonosis?

Back 11

-neutrophilic extreme leukocytosis +/- left shift (looks like leukemia)
-non-regenerative anemia of chronic disease
-hypoalbuminemia (because also have protein loosing nephropathy (renal disease and failure)

Front 12

What are you looking for on radiographs with hepatozoonosis?

Back 12

periostitis where muscles attach to bones (long bones and pelvis)

Front 13

What is the best way to diagnosis hepatozoonosis?

Back 13

demonstrate organism - gamonts in neutrophils or monocytes in blood

-tissue - skeletal muscle biopsy (cystic form)

-also can do ELISA or PCR

Front 14

What is the treatment for hepatozoonosis?

Back 14

-For remission (TCP - TMPS/chloramphenicol/pyrimethamine) for 14 days

-To reduce relapses - decoquinate daily
-NSAIDs to reduce joint pain

also - coccidiostat Toltrazonuril

Front 15

How long are dogs infected with hepatozoonosis?

Back 15

life - long infection

Front 16

What is the one primary and three secondary systems affected by Borreliosis?

Back 16

1- MS
2 - Renal, GI, Cardiac

-also CNS

Front 17

What is the species most affected by Borreliosis?

Back 17

dog

Front 18

What is the vector for Borreliosis?

-How long must it be attached?

Back 18

Ixodes scapularis/pacificus

48 hours

Front 19

What is the agent that causes Borreliosis?

Back 19

Borrelia burdorferi

Front 20

What is the reservoir for Borreliosis?

Back 20

deer/other wild life, rodents

Front 21

The primary system hit by Borrelia is MS - describe the symptoms.

Back 21

fever, anorexia, lethargy, lymphadenopathy, lameness +/- swollen joints arthropathy with acute syndrome

Front 22

Is Borreliosis acute or chronic?

Back 22

acute to asymptomatic, kidney disease with chronic form (acute, progressive renal failure)

Front 23

Renal disease is another secondary problem of Lyme disease, why?

Back 23

immune complexes form - immune complex glomerulonephritis

Front 24

What aspect of GI problems do you see with lyme disease?

Back 24

vomiting and diarrhea

Front 25

Borrelia affects the heart - what happens?

Back 25

heart block, collapse, weakness, tachyarrythmias, conduction bradycardia

Front 26

How do you diagnose Borrelia?

Back 26

seriologic testing for antibodies
-ELISA, IFA, Western Blot

-also part of the Snap 4DX the measures antibody to the C-6 B. burgdorferia protein

Front 27

What drugs will you use to treat Borrelia?

Back 27

-drugs from peniciilins and tetracyclins

- amocicillin, doxy, cefitriaxore, azithrymycin

- also NSAIDS for arthropathy

Front 28

How do you prevent Borrelia?

Back 28

-prevent ticks - permethrins and amitraz

- vaccination - generate OpsA and Ops B antibodies

Front 29

What are the 3 primary systems and one secondary system hit by Leishmaniasis?

Back 29

1 - Renal, Derm, HL
2 - MS

Front 30

What is the primary animal hit by Leishmania?

Back 30

dog - foxhounds are carriers

Front 31

What is the agent of Leishmainia?

Vector?

Back 31

L. infantum

Plebotomus

Front 32

How is Leishmania transmitted?

Back 32

direct/maternal, bites, exposure to blood
-amastigotes inside of marcophages

Front 33

Dermatologic signs are a main sign of Leishmania. Describe these lesions.

Back 33

seboreic skin, draining lesions, alopecia with severe, dry desquamitization

Front 34

What are the key lab findings with Leishmania?

Back 34

-HYPERproteinemia with a polyclonal gamopathy
-thrombocytopenia due to high gammaglobulins
-non-regenerative anemia
-signs of renal failure (proteinuria, azotemia, ect.)

Front 35

what three treatment plans do we do?

Back 35

optimal
alternative
emergency

Front 36

The MS system is secondarily hit with Leishmania, what is seen with this?

Back 36

supperative polyarthropathy that is non-septic

-immune complexes develop in the joints, polyarthritis

Front 37

How do you diagnose Leishmania?

Back 37

-demonstrate the organism in BM, splenic or lymphnode smears

-amastigotes in cytoplasm of macrophages

-also can use IFA or ELISA

Front 38

Can you clear Leishmania from the body?

What is the treatment?

Back 38

no

antimony with allopurinol
-liposomal amphotericin B

Front 39

What 2 primary and 1 secondary system are hit by cytauxzoonosis?

Back 39

1 - Respiratory and HL
2 - GI

Front 40

What is the main species affected by cytauxzoonosis?

Back 40

cats

Front 41

Is cytoauxzoona a acute or chronic disease?

Back 41

acute - 1-2 weeks to develop

Front 42

What is the vector and reservoir for cytausxzoonosis?

Back 42

vector - Dermacentor variabilis
reservoir - bobcat

Front 43

What is the agent that causes cytauxzoonosis?

Back 43

C. felis

Front 44

HL is a primary system hit by C. felis. What are the clinical signs associated with this?

Back 44

-DRAMATIC thromocytopenia that causes hemorrhage, coagulation disorder, pancytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly

-obstruction of blood flow thru tissues by mononuclear infiltrates and from anorexia

Front 45

What are the lab findings with cytauxzoonosis?

Back 45

-anemia, severe thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, icterus

Front 46

What part of the GI is affected by cytauxzoonosis?

Back 46

LIVER

Front 47

How do you diagnosis cytauxzoonosis?

Back 47

-clinical signs (fevor, pale MM, icteric, resp distress, hepatosplenomegaly)

- Blood smear - ID orgnaism
-PCR with EDTA blood
-Rads - lung, spleen and liver changes
-histopath - schizonts

Front 48

What is the treatment for cytauxzoonosis?

Back 48

-supportive care (fluids, blood, heparin for DIC)
-Imidocarb and Diminaxene (2 doses, 2 weeks apart)
- fluroquinolones, doxycycline

Front 49

What is the prognosis for cytauxzoonosis?

Back 49

poor to grave -- usually fatal

Front 50

What is the one and only system affected by Mycoplasma?

Back 50

HL

Front 51

What is the main species affected by Mycoplasma?

Back 51

cat

Front 52

What are the agents that cause mycoplasma in the cat?

Back 52

M. haemofelis, haemomintom, turicasis

Front 53

What is the main vector for Mycoplasma?

How is it spread?

Back 53

fleas and ticks (more important in dogs)

-oral, IV, IP, blood, transplacental

Front 54

What are the risks associated with getting Mycoplasma?

Back 54

outdoor, male, stress (FIV, FeLV)

Front 55

Mycoplasma affects the HL system. Describe the clinical signs.

Back 55

EXTRAvascular hemolysis (organism sits on top of cells)

-regnerative anemia
-inflammatory leukogram
-splenomegaly
-icerus

Front 56

What secondary disease does the dog get with Mycoplasma?

Back 56

Ehrlichia, Babesia

Front 57

How do you diagnose Mycoplasma?

Back 57

-blood - fresh from an ear, not in EDTA
(demonstrate org)
- response to treatment - when in doubt, treat
-PCR

Front 58

What are the 4 antibacterials that with decrease the number of organisms of Mycoplasma, but not eliminate the disease? TEDC

Back 58

TEDC
-tetracycline
-doxycycline
- chloramphenicol
-enrofloxacin

Front 59

What should you assume about all animals that you find are positive for Mycoplasmosis?

Back 59

assume they are carriers - can not get rid of all of the organisms

Front 60

What are the main systems affected by Lepto (3 primary, 2 secondary)?

Back 60

1- renal, GI, hemolympathics
2 - MS, Cardiac

Front 61

What is the main species affected by Lepto?

Back 61

dog

Front 62

How is Lepto transmitted?

Back 62

abraded skin, penetrates mucous membranes, other routes (bites, sex, transplacental, fomites)

Front 63

Where does Lepto replicate?

Back 63

vascular endothelium

Front 64

What 2 organs are most affected by lepto?

Back 64

liver
kidney (anuria/oliguria acutely; PU/PD chronically)

Front 65

MS system is hit with lept. What lab value might you see an increase in?

Back 65

CK

Front 66

What lab values are abnormal with Lepto?

Back 66

-leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, anemia
-increased liver enzymes and bilirubin
-azotemia and isothenuria
-infammatory sediment
-CK increase

Front 67

What other systems (other than the main) are affected by Lepto?

Back 67

resp - cough and distress
-anterior uveitis
-CNS - meningeal pain

Front 68

What is the Gold Standard for serology for Lepto?

Back 68

MAT - microscopic agglutination test

1:3200 in non-vacinated or 4 fold increase over 2 weeks

Front 69

How do you definitively diagnose Lepto?

Back 69

ID in urine, blood, tissue
PCR on blood and urine not really helpful (false positives)
-histopath is good

Front 70

What is the treatment for Lepto?

Back 70

fluids
-antibiotics to
(1) eliminate bacterimai (ampiclin, PPG)
(2) eliminate carrier state (doxycyclin, macrolydes, then the mycins

Front 71

How many serovars does the Lepto vaccine have?

Back 71

4 - killed subunit vaccine
-grypo, pomona, icterohemorragicum, canicola

Front 72

Is Lepto zoonotic?

Back 72

yes

Front 73

What are the main systems hit by RMSF?

Back 73

1- CNS, HL, Resp
2- renal, derm

Front 74

What is the main species hit by RMSF?

Back 74

dog

Front 75

What is the agent that causes RMSF?

Back 75

rickettsia rickettsii

Front 76

What are the vectors for RMSF?

How long do they need to be attached for disease to occur?

Back 76

dermacentor variabilis and andersoni (dog and wood)

3-6 hours - SHORT

Front 77

What are the reservoirs for RMSF?

Back 77

rodents, hares, rabbits - 15% seroprevelance where ticks are found

Front 78

Where doe the RMSF replicate?

Back 78

endothelial cells
-cell replication and damage, causes vasculitis and can see disease as soon as 2-3 days after exposure

Front 79

The CNS system is one of the main systems hit by RMSF. What are the clinical signs?

Back 79

acute vestibular problems, cervical pain, seizures

Front 80

Are resp signs with RMSF more prominent than Lepto?

Back 80

YES

Front 81

What are the HL signs with lepto?

Back 81

thrombocytopenia --> petechia, eccymosis, edema of peripheral extremities, acute vascular damage and necrosis

Front 82

What are the lab values with RMSF?

Back 82

leukocytosis
thrombocytopenia
mild anemia

Front 83

What are other clinical signs seen with RMSF?

Back 83

conjunctivitis, uveitis/red eye
joint pain

Front 84

How do you diagnosis RMSF?

Back 84

-serology - titer greater than 1:512-1:1024 or 4 x increase

-direct FA or IHC
-PCR

Front 85

What is the treamtment for RMSF?

TEDC

Back 85

TEDC

tetracyclin, enroflox, doxy, chloramphenicol for 10-14 days

Front 86

What is the prognosis for RMSF?

Back 86

good - life-long immunity

Front 87

What are the 2 diseases where HL are not affected?

Back 87

Borreliosis
Hepatozoonosis

Front 88

What are the 2 disease where derm problems are?

Back 88

Prim - leishmania
Sec - RMSF

Front 89

What are the 2 disease where CNS is a problem?

Back 89

Prim - RMSF
Sec - Ehrlichiosis

Front 90

What 2 disease is respiratory greatly affected?

Back 90

RMSF and cytauxzoonosis

Front 91

What are the 2 diseases where cardiac is a secondary problem?

Back 91

Borreliosis and Lepto

Front 92

What 3 disease are not affect in the MS system?

Back 92

RMSF
Hemobartonella
cytausxzoonosis

Front 93

What 5 disease affect the renal system?
Primary - 2
Secondary 3

Back 93

Primary - Lepto, Leishmania
Secondary - RMSF, Borrelia, Ehrlicia