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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Social structures |
-Stable patterns in social behavior -also principles that we believe in |
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Agency |
-Free will, do what you want -not about conformity -you're an agent of something no matter what you do |
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Emic perspective |
Insider's POV |
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Etic perspective |
Outsider's POV -categories that were the product of anthropological study |
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Cultural relativism |
-The idea that each society or culture must be understood on its own terms -Does not necessarily have to agree with the cultural practices, but to really understand how culture works, one must look at culture from the viewpoints of those who create maintain, and experience it, not from the observer’s viewpoint |
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Ethnocentrism |
-analyzing another culture using your own beliefs and values (basically being ignorant to other cultures) |
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Culture as a political process |
Political: because of power -who has more resources to propagate their ideas |
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THEORIES Structural Functionalism (Radcliffe-Brown) |
-Individuals are governed by Rules -Culture contributes to the order of society |
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Functionalism |
-Focused on how different structures of the society function to promote stability |
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Social solidarity (Durkheim) Mechanical solidarity |
Everyone is doing the same thing
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Social solidarity (Durkheim) Organic solidarity |
More complex and urbanized division of labor |
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Organic Analogy (Spencer) |
Compared society to a human body |
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Merton |
Social structure has two functions |
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Merton Manifest function |
Intended consequences |
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Merton Latent |
Unrecognized consequences of any social pattern |
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THEORIES Social Conflict |
Inequality leads to change (Marx) -Social structures that promote social conflict: institutions and ideologies -Highlights inequality and change -Investigates how factors are linked to inequalities |
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THEORIES Symbolic Interactionism |
-society is a product of everyday social interactions -human beings live in a world of symbols -"We create reality as we define our surroundings, decide what we think of others, and shape our own identities" |
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Ascribed status |
Social status a person is assigned at birth |
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Status and Role Achieved status |
Social position a person can acquire through the basis of merit -shows skills, abilities, and efforts -link between status/role and social systems/institutions/organizations |
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Sex and Gender Sex |
anatomical, biological, and physiological characteristics that distinguish male from female
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Sex and Gender Gender |
culturally specific articulation and elaboration of sexual differnce |
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Sexual dimorphism |
phenotypic difference between males and females (reproductive organs, height, size, strength, etc.) |
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Natural selection |
Grandma hypothesis |
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Why is sex also gendered? |
-Intersex -only two choices -limited the female body to breasts, uterus, vagina |
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Gender identity |
socially constructed sex identity |
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Dimensions of Gender Identity Stereotypes |
strongly held implied ideas about characteristics of males and females in society |
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Dimensions of Gender Identity Roles |
task/activities assigned or associated with males and females in socitety |
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Dimensions of Gender Identity Social construction of male/female bodies |
-"ownership" of the female body -"diseased" female body -standards of beauty |
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Dimensions of Gender Identity Gender Stratification |
-unequal status between men and women in society |
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Class Relations and Social Inequity/Social Stratification Basis of Social Stratification |
-power (ability to influence) -prestige (high regard) -wealth (economic resources) |
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Egalitarian societies |
no limits, no inequality, everyone can have access to social roles -equality for all people, everyone is all the same |
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Rank societies (chieftain) |
-Difference in prestige -equal access to wealth, leader distributes resources equally |
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Class societies |
Difference in wealth, power, and prestige |
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Social Mobility |
Movement of one class to another |
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Class Societies Closed Class |
No social mobility -you are stuck within a class |
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Class Societies Open Class |
-there is social mobility -allows social mobility but there are many hindrances |
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Social dysfunction |
Any social pattern that may interrupt the function of society |
