S4 Week 3 Pathology

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Disorders of Motility in the GI tract:

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More disorders of motility in the GI tract:

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Irritable bowel syndrome is a disorder of gut motility:

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Disorders of secretion:

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More disorders of secretion:

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Disorders of digestion and absorption:

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GI manifestations of systemic disease:

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Presentation of acute vs. chronic GI disease:

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The four most common signs of GI disease:

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Table of common GI symptoms and diseases:

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Signs of GI obstruction:

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Diagnostic tests for upper GI complaints:

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Manometry: measures internal GI pressure (squeezing ability)

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Common complaints/symptoms of lower GI disease:

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Esophagus

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Dysphagia:

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(In regards to the previous case)

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Stricture (from prior acid reflux)

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Some other causes of dysphagia:

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Nausea and Vomiting:

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Causes of nausea and vomiting:

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Indigestion:

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What is eructation?

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Burping!

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Peptic ulcer
Acid reflux
Chronic gastritis

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Diarrhea:

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Causes of acute diarrhea:

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Causes of chronic diarrhea:

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Constipation:

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Constipation in the elderly can cause delirium, why?

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Because not absorbing enough water can cause dehydration leading to delirium...also extreme back up can cause sepsis. AND, malabsorption can cause vitamin deficiencies.

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Gastrointestinal bleeding:

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Levels of lower GI bleeding:

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Acute upper GI bleeding:

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Acute lower GI bleeding:

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Diseases of the oral cavity:

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Canker Sores:

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Canker Sore Pearls:

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Herpesvirus Infection:

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Herpes virus infection part 2:

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Herpes virus histology:

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Herpes virus pearls:

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Oral Candidiasis:

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Oral Candidiasis part 2:

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Oral Candidiasis part 3:

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Oral Candidiasis pearls:

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Hairy leukoplakia and Kaposi's sarcoma:

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Kaposi sarcoma:

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HIV related oral lesion Pearls:

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Leukoplakia:

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Leukoplakia part 2:

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Leukoplakia part 3:

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Leukoplakia part 4:

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Leukoplakia related lesions:

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Leukoplakia Pearls:

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Cancers of the oral cavity and tongue:

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Cancers of the oral cavity and tongue part 2:

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Cancers of the oral cavity and tongue part 3:

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Cancers of the oral cavity and tongue part 4:

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Cancers of the oral cavity and tongue part 5:

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Oral cancer pearls:

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Inflammation of the salivary glands:

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Salivary gland tumors:

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Salivary gland tumors part 2:

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Pleomorphic Adenoma:

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Gross histology of a pleomorphic adenoma:

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Pleomorphic adenoma part 2:

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Pleomorphic adenoma pearls:

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Histology of a pleomorphic adenoma:

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More histology of a pleomorphic adenoma:

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Warthins Tumor:

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Gross picture of a Warthins Tumor:

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Histology of Warthins Tumor:

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More histology of Warthins Tumor:

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Warthins tumor pearls:

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Fine needle aspiration:

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Warthins tumor or Pleomorphic adenoma?

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Pleomorphic adenoma

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Three areas of the esophagus are narrowed:

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Levels of the esophagus corresponding to vertebral levels:

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Innervation of the esophagus:

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Motility and sphincters of the esophagus:

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Layers of the esophagus:

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Myenteric plexus:

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Submucosal plexus:

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Vocabulary:

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Diagnostic tests:

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Esophageal diverticuli:

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Zenker's diverticulum:

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More common on left side b/c esophagus tends to stay leftward. Happens posteriorly because the trachea is blocking the anterior.

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Achalasia:

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Achalasia part 2:

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Esophageal rupture:

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Esophagitis:

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Relfux is the most common non-infectious cause.

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Barrett's Esophagus:

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Transition from Barrett's to invasive adenocarcinoma:

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Benign tumors of the esophagus:

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Malignant tumors of the esophagus:

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Spread and prognosis of malignant esophageal tumors:

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Treatment of esophageal cancer:

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Typical presentation of a hiatal hernia:

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Things that make GERD symptoms worse:

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GERD:

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Symptoms of GERD:

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Diagnosis of GERD:

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Complications of GERD:

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Two types of hiatal hernia:

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Food stagnation

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Dysplastic changes in Barrett's esophagus

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Squamous cell carcinoma

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A sliding hiatal hernia with incompetent LES

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Dysplastic changes

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Congential diaphramatic hernias:

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Gatric Anatomy:

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Gastric cell function:

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Cell type histology:

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Layers of the stomach:

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A: Mucosa
B: Muscularis mucosa
C: Submucosa
D: Muscularis
E: Serosa

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More gastric cell histology:

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Regulation of acid secretion:

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Gastritis:

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Acute vs. chronic gastritis:

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Pathogenesis of gastritis:

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Acute gastritis:

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More acute gastritis:

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Chronic gastritis:

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Autoimmune gastritis:

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Autoimmune gastritis histology:

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Bacterial Gastritis:

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Helicobacter Pylori:

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H. Pylori mechanism of infection and damage:

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CAGA and VACA strains of H. pylori:

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H pylori and acid secretion:

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Chronic gastritis histology:

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Complications of H pylori infection:

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Helicobacteri Helimanni:

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D: Achlorhydria and hypergastrinemia

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Chemical gastritis:

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NSAID induced gastritis:

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Histology of uncommon forms of gastritis:

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Complications of chronic gastritis:

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Chronic gastritis pictures:

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Peptic ulcer:

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Erosion vs. Ulcer

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Ulcer histology:

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Location of peptic ulcers:

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Epidemiology of peptic ulcers:

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Duodenal vs. Gastric ulcer:

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First test for H. pylori

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First test for H. pylori

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Ulcer histology 2:

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X-ray of perforated ulcer:

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Complications of PUD:

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Treatment of PUD:

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Due to lots of salted fish and smoked food.

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Percentage of carcinomas found in each stomach locations.

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Gastric Carcinoma lecture summary:

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