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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The major areas of the innate immune system are:
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The skin
The respiratory tract The digestive tract The genitourinary tract |
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The skin can secrete what cytokines and what can happen?
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Skin secretes IL-8 and TNF-alpha
IL-8 attracts neutrophils and TNF-a can activate macrophages to synthesize IL-1 and PGE2 which are both proinflammatory substances. |
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The respiratory tract is protected by surfactants secreted by Type II pneumocytes. Surfactants perform the dual role of...
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Lubricates alveoli and prevents collapse AND
facilitates phagocytosis |
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The GI tract has innate immunity with its strong acid and intestinal flora. What other cells keep intestinal organisms in check?
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Paneth cells
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Natural Killer (NK) cells express receptors for what interleukin?
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NK cells have IL-2 receptors and can proliferate in response to T cell mitogens and IL-2
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PPR receptors can be either secreted, bind pathogens for phagocytosis or bind pathogens and signal the release of cytokines. Describe these three options.
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Secreted PRR's include MBL which is made in the liver and binds to carbs to initiate lectin path of complement activation.
Phagocytosis PRR have high affinity for carbs with lots of mannose. Signalling PRRs are also called TLRs which are found on macrophages. This activates signal transduction pathways that produce cytokines. |
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Signally PRRs are also called what?
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Toll-like receptors
(TLR) |
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signalling PRR or TLR pathway turns on genes for what two cytokines?
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TNF-alpha and IL-1
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What do PRRs bind to?
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PAMP
Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern |
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What do the following TLR's bind to?
TLR-2 TLR-3 TLR-4 TLR-5 |
TLR-2 Pep(two)doglycan
TLR-3 dsRNA TLR-4 LPS endotoxin TLR-5 5lagella |
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Macrophages at an infection site secrete what cytokines? What do they do?
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IL-8, TNF-a, IL-1 and PGE2
These cytokines recruit neutrophils. They also enhance expression of P selectin and integrins(iCAM-1) by endothelial cells? |
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What stuff on endothelial cells can cause neutrophils to become marginated and adherent to capillary endothelium?
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P selectin and integrins(iCAM-1).
*Neutrophils love PiCAM pie |
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What does NADPH oxidase do?
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converts oxygen to superoxide radical. Superoxide dismutase then makes H2O2.
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What does myeloperoxidase do?
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H2O2 and converts to super awesome hypohalide ion to increase the killing capacity of phagocytes.
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Which IL is pyrogenic and proinflammatory?
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IL-1
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Which IL activates NK, T and B and macrophages?
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IL-2
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Which IL is a chemoattractant of neutrophils?
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IL-8
"clean-up on IL 8" |
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What cytokine induces IL-1 and PGE2 synthesis?
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TNF-alpha
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