S2Fa Epidemiology 3

Front 1

Surgeon only operates on patients without significant comorbid conditions, then reports outcomes are better than other surgeons. What bias?

Back 1

selection bias

Front 2

Data gathered from 5 hospitals about stroke. One of the hospitals doesn't have MRI, so they use data from CT scans. What bias?

Back 2

measurement bias

Front 3

Study finds that construction workers who work 60 hours or more per week are more likely to have skin cancer. They conclude being over-worked causes skin cancer. What bias?

Back 3

confounding bias

Front 4

Patients with diarrhea are asked if they ate a specific food in the last week. Worry about what bias?

Back 4

recall bias

Front 5

New screening test claims to improve cancer survival by five years. Later study finds this cancer's average age of onset is earlier. What bias has this screening test created?

Back 5

lead-time bias

Front 6

Cancer prognosis is different in 2 hospitals. It is found that they use 2 different screeing test and one fails to catch the cancers with poor prognosis. What bias?

Back 6

length bias

Front 7

Type 1 (alpha) error vs Type 2 (beta) error: how to remember?

Back 7

Type 1: rejects the null
Type 2: don't reject null (remember TWO is a DOUBLE negative)

Front 8

Define p value

Back 8

probability that the differences found in the study occurred by chance

Front 9

How to increase Power in a study.

Back 9

increase number of subjects

Front 10

How to decrease the Confidence Interval in a study?

Back 10

increase number of subjects

Front 11

Conclusion of insignificant difference based on confidence interval? (2)

Back 11

it crosses 1 on plot of RR or Odds
it crosses 0 on plot of ARR