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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
GRAM NEGATIVE DIPLOCOCCI
- name the 2 |
- Neisseria spp
- Moraxella spp. (note: Strep. pneumoniae is GP diplococci) |
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GRAM NEGATIVE DIPLOCOCCI
- all Neisseria spp grow well in what media? - all Neisseria spp. utilize what? |
(NTG)
- Thayer Martin (or chocolate) - Glucose |
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GRAM NEGATIVE DIPLOCOCCI
- all Moraxella spp. grow well in what media? - all Moraxella spp. utilize what? |
(MDS)
- DNAse agar - Sucrose |
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NEISSERIA
- Neisseria is Positive for what 2 important enzymes in lab studies - also has what other enzyme involved in virulence? |
("CO" = 2 , so think "diplo"-COcci)
- Catalase - Oxidase - IgA Protease (b/c one of the SHiN bugs) |
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NEISSERIA
- how do you separate N. meningitidis and N. gonorrheae? |
N. meningitidis (has a CMV)
- utilizes Maltose (Ng does not) - has a Capsule (Ng does not) - has a Vaccine (Ng does not) |
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NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS
- Neisseria Meningitidis is the 2nd MCC of? |
Meningitis
in 6 mo. to 60 years |
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NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS
- Nm induced Meningitis, if untreated, has what prognosis? - can be treated with what? |
- fatal if untreated
- early actions with PCN |
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NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS
- what are the 3 major manifestation of symptoms with Nm? |
- Meningitis
- Meningococcemia (when meningococci enter blood) - Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome |
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NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS
- define Waterhouse- Friderichsen syndrome |
BILATERAL
Adrenal Hemorrhage in the face of Fulminant Sepsis |
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NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS
- Nm endotoxin? - Ng endotoxin? |
- LPS
- LOS |
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NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS
- what are the major virulence factors for Nm? |
(CLAP)
- Capsule - LPS (not LOS as in Ng) - IgA protease - Pili |
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NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS
- what is unique about the CSF finding in bacterial meningitis? |
- only Bacterial Meningitis has the Organism IN the CSF
(fungal/TB/viral don't have organism in CSF) |
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NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS
- compared to other etiologies, bacterial meningitis has elevation of what immune cells? |
- PMNs
(others have lymphocytes) |
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MENINGITIS
- MCC of Newborn meningitis (0-6mo) - MCC of children & adult meningitis (6mo-60yrs) - MCC of elderly meningitis (>60yrs) |
- GBS
(then E. coli, then Listeria) - S. pneumoniae (then Nm, then HiB, then Enteroviruses or HSV) - S. pneumoniae (then GN rods, then Listeria) |
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MENINGITIS
- Treatment? - Prophylaxis? |
- PCN G
- Rifampin (or cipro) |
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MENINGITIS
- Vaccine has how many capsular components? - list the components |
4 of 5
(YWCA) - Y - W-135 - C - A |
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MENINGITIS
- since diplococci are small, how do we make the immunogens in virus much more effective? |
- Conjugate to Protein
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MENINGITIS
- what component of the Nm capsule is not used in vaccine? - clinical relevance? - why not used in vaccine? |
- type B
- type B causes 50% of cases - Type B is a polysaccharide that is NOT immunogenic |
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N. GONORRHOEAE
- Ng is only found where? |
- ONLY in human GU tract
|
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N. GONORRHOEAE
- MCC of? - 2nd MC? |
- Septic arthritis
- STD |
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N. GONORRHOEAE
- what is so unique about the septic arthritis seen in Ng? |
Arthritis is:
- Monoarticular - Migratory - Females only |
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N. GONORRHOEAE
- Disseminated infection result in what Sx? |
- Monoarticular Septic Arthritis
- Rash (signs will wax & wane) |
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N. GONORRHOEAE
- major virulence factors? |
(O-LAP)
- Opa proteins (attachment) - LOS (not lps as in Nm) - IgA protease - Pili |
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N. GONORRHOEAE
- is usually comorbid with what dz? - if comorbid, then the 2 are MCC of? |
- Chlamydia
- PID |
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N. GONORRHOEAE
- causes what major Dz in males? - Sx? |
- Urethritis
(PID) - PURULENT discharge - Inflammation (red, swell, pain) - Dysruia |
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N. GONORRHOEAE
- causes what Dz in females? |
- Endocervicitis
- PID |
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N. GONORRHOEAE
- what are some complications seen in females? |
Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome (perihepatitis)
Ophthalmia neonatorum (also seen with chlamydia) |
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N. GONORRHOEAE
- how can Ng complicate into Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome? |
- Direct extension of PID to the Liver capsule
|
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N. GONORRHOEAE
- Diagnostic test in males |
- Microscopy of purulent discharge
(Dx w/ evidence of PMN + GN diplococci) |
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N. GONORRHOEAE
- Diagnostic test in females |
- Direct Fluorescent Antibody (DFA)
- Thayer-Martin Culture |
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GONORRHEA
- Tx for Gonorrhea? |
- Ceftriaxone
(aka - Rocephin) |
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GONORRHEA
- Tx for Gonorrhea & the Concurrent infection with Chlamydia |
Cetriaxone
& Doxycycline (can substitute Doxycycline with Azithromycin ($$$) or Tetracycline ($)) |
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GONORRHEA
- Treatment of Ophthalmia Neonatorum (either from chlamydia or gonorrhea) |
Topical ==> Silver nitrate
or PO ==> Azithromycin or Tetracycline |
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NEISSERIA
- Nm septicemia (or Ng bacteremia) can be predisposed if what pre-existing condition is present? |
C5-C8 Deficiency
|
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MORAXELLA CATARRHALIS
- in KIDS, very common cause of what dz? - in ADULTS, very commonly known to do what dz? |
- Otitis Media
- Upper Respiratory infection (sinusitis, laryngitis, tracheitis) |
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MORAXELLA CATARRHALIS
- in CARRIERS, M. catarrhalis is found where? |
- Oropharynx
&/or - Vagina |
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MORAXELLA CATARRHALIS
- population group at greatest risk? |
- COPD
- immunocompromised |
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MORAXELLA CATARRHALIS
- labs are positive for? - agar for growth? - utilizes what carbohydrate? |
- Catalase
- Oxidase - DNase agar - Sucrose only |
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MORAXELLA CATARRHALIS
- Tx for infections? - if allergic to DOC, then? |
- Amoxicillin
- Bactin (TMP-SMX) |