S1 - Fas1 - Micro Bacterial Genetics

Front 1

BACTERIAL GENETICS

- list the 3 major ways bacteria diversify their genetics

Back 1

- TransFormation
- TransDuction
- Conjugation

Front 2

BACTERIAL GENETICS

- TransFormation requires

Back 2

- Naked DNA in the environment

(ability to take up DNA from environment is known as "competence")

Front 3

BACTERIAL GENETICS

- TransFormation is a feature especially of what bugs?

Back 3

(SHiN)

- Strep. pneumoniae
- HiB
- Neisseria

Front 4

BACTERIAL GENETICS

- in TransFormation, what DNA is allowed for uptake?

Back 4

- Any DNA

Front 5

BACTERIAL GENETICS

- TransFormation requires what?
- TransDuction requires what?
- Conjugation requires what?

Back 5

(NBC)

- Naked DNA
- Bacteriophage
- Conjugation

Front 6

BACTERIAL GENETICS

- Transduction requires

Back 6

- Bacteriophage

Front 7

BACTERIAL GENETICS

- what are the pathways that occur for Transduction?

Back 7

- Generalized Transduction
("packaging" event)

- Specialized Transduction
("excision" event)

Front 8

BACTERIAL GENETICS

- what kind of phage infects the bacterium in Generalized Transduction?

Back 8

- Lytic phage

Front 9

BACTERIAL GENETICS

- what kind of phage infects the bacterium in Specialized Transduction?

Back 9

- Lysogenic phage

Front 10

BACTERIAL GENETICS

- in Generalized Transduction, what happens to the bacterial DNA?

- what happens to the viral DNA?

Back 10

- Cleavage of bacterial DNA

- Synthesis of Viral proteins

Front 11

BACTERIAL GENETICS

- in Generalized Transduction, how does the bacterial DNA get transferred?

Back 11

- some of the chopped up Chromosomal bacterial DNA may become packaged in viral capsid

(when phage infects another bacterium, genes will be transferred)

Front 12

BACTERIAL GENETICS

- in Specialized Transduction, what happens to the bacterial DNA?

- what happens to the viral DNA?

Back 12

- Viral DNA is incorporated into bacterial chromosome

Front 13

BACTERIAL GENETICS

- in Specialized Transduction, how does the bacterial DNA get transferred?

Back 13

- when viral DNA is excised, the flanking bacterial genes may be excised with it.

Front 14

BACTERIAL GENETICS

- In Specialized Transduction, what is the DNA called once it integrates into the bacterial DNA?

Back 14

- Prophage

Front 15

BACTERIAL GENETICS

- what is lysogenic conversion?

Back 15

- Lysogeny's ability of converting a NON-Pathogen into a Pathogen (or just increase virulence)

Front 16

BACTERIAL GENETICS

- under what circumstance can an integrated prophage become induced into a lytic phage replication?

Back 16

- UV light

(is just one example)

Front 17

BACTERIAL GENETICS

- in the Conjugation of F+ x F-, which plasmid contains genes required for conjugation?

- bacteria without this gene is termed what?

Back 17

F+ (male b/c of erection)

F- (female)

Front 18

BACTERIAL GENETICS

- In F+ x F- Conjugation, the plasmid DNA is replicated in which bacteria?

- once replicated, it will travel via what?

Back 18

F+

F Pilus (Cytoplasmic Bridge)

Front 19

BACTERIAL GENETICS

- in F+ x F- Conjugation, what type of DNA is transferred?

- what type of DNA is NOT transferred?

Back 19

- Plasmid

- Chromosomal DNA

Front 20

BACTERIAL GENETICS

- F+ x F- conjugation is the ONLY way to transfer...

Back 20

- Multiple Antibiotic resistance

Front 21

BACTERIAL GENETICS

- what is an Hfr cell?

- specify the F-type

Back 21

- when Plasmid is incorporated in to bacterial chromosome

- when F+ plasmid is incorporated into bacterial chromosomal DNA

Front 22

BACTERIAL GENETICS

- in Hfr x F-, the replication of the incorporated plasmid DNA may include?

Back 22

- incorporated Flanking Chromosomal DNA

Front 23

BACTERIAL GENETICS

- in Hfr x F-, the replication and transfer comes FROM?

Back 23

- Hfr

Front 24

BACTERIAL GENETICS

- in Hfr x F-, what type of genes are transferred?

- what type of genes are NOT transferred?

Back 24

Plasmid AND Chromosomal

- none

Front 25

BACTERIAL GENETICS

- in Transposition, what is "jumping"

Back 25

segments of DNA

Front 26

BACTERIAL GENETICS

- in Transposition, what type of genes are being tranferred?

Back 26

- Plasmid genes to Chromosomes

or
VISE VERSA

Front 27

BACTERIAL GENETICS

- list 5 toxin genes that were transferred via a LYSOGENIC Phage

Back 27

(ABCDE)

- shiga A-like Toxin
- Botulism Toxins (some)
- Cholera Toxin)
- Diphtheriae Toxin
- Erythrogenic Toxin from S.
Pyogenes

Front 28

BACTERIAL GENETICS

- in which genetic process does Chromosomal Recombination occur?

Back 28

- Conjugation btw Hfr & F-

Front 29

BACTERIAL GENETICS

- in Conjugation involving the High Frequency of Recombination (Hfr) cell, what combo allows for recombination?

- what combo allows for DNA transfer?

Back 29

F+ x Hfr

F- x Hfr

Front 30

BACTERIAL GENETICS

- in a typical Conjugation (F+ x F-), what type of Antibiotic resistance can occur?

- in a Hfr conjugation (F- x Hfr), then what type of Antibiotic resistance can occur?

Back 30

- ONLY way to transfer MULTIPLE ABx Resistance

- transfer of Single ABx resistance

Front 31

BACTERIAL GENETICS

- give an example of TransFormation

Back 31

- Rough (R) & Smooth (S) strains of Strep. pneumoniae in the Griffith experiment of 1928

Front 32

BACTERIAL GENETICS

- the process of TransFormation allows for what type of ABx resistance transfer?

Back 32

- Single ABx Resistance Transfer

Front 33

BACTERIAL GENETICS

- Methicilin resistance by Staph. aureus was obtained via what process?

Back 33

- TransDuction

(via a Phage)

Front 34

BACTERIAL GENETICS

- Most of the Bad Toxins are transferred via what process?

Back 34

- Specialized Transduction

(lysogenic transduction)