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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Core
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interior of the earth; composed of a dense; hot mass of metal (mostly iron); it is divided into an inner & outer core - the inner core is a solid ball of iron with tremendous heat & pressure while the outer core is liquid/plasma with some heat & pressure; this immense area generates the magnetic field that envelops the earth; makes up 16% of the Earths volume and 31% of the Earths total mass.
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Mantle
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surrounding the core; a hot; pliable layer of rock; much less dense due to presence of oxygen; silicon; and magnesium; makes up 82% of the Earths volume and 68% of the Earths total mass.
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Crust
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outermost layer; that is cool; lightweight; brittle rock; thinnest of the Earths zones - 2% of the Earths volume and 1% of the Earths total mass; this is where all life is found; thickness varies from 6 - 40 miles; two categories of crust: oceanic (71% of the Earth) and continental (29% of the Earth).
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Tectonic plates
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huge blocks of the Earths crust that slide around slowly; pulling apart to open new ocean basins or crashing into each other to create new; larger landmasses.
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Mineral
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a naturally occurring; inorganic; crystalline solid with definite chemical composition; a specific internal crystal structure; and characteristic physical properties.
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Rock
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a solid; cohesive; aggregate of one or more crystalline minerals (i.e.; rocks are composed of one or more minerals).
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Rock cycle
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the process whereby rocks are broken down by chemical and physical forces; sediments are moved by wind; water; and gravity; sedimented and reformed into rock; and then crushed; folded; melted; and recrystallized into new forms. This is a method of natural recycling.
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Magma
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molten rock from deep in the Earths interior; it is called lava when it spews from volcanic vents.
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Igneous Rock
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crystalline minerals solidified from molten magma from deep in the Earths interior; these are formed under conditions with little/no water and high temperature and pressure; these are hard; non porous and have low reactivity; examples include granite; quartz; and feldspar.
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Sedimentary Rock
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composed of accumulated; compacted mineral fragments; such as sand and clay; these are soft; porous and chemically reactive; sedimentary rocks can also form from the compacted shells; skeletons; and other remains of dead organisms; examples include shale; limestone and sandstone.
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Metamorphic Rock
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igneous and sedimentary rocks modified by heat; pressure; and chemical reactions; examples include slate; marble and quartzite.
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Resource
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anything obtained from the living and nonliving environment to meet human needs and wants.
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Metals
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malleable substances that are useful and valuable because they are strong; relatively light; and can be reshaped for many purposes.
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Strategic Metals & Minerals
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materials a country cannot produce itself but that it - uses for essential materials or processes.
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Recycling
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reprocessing of discarded materials into new; useful products.
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