Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Which muscles are affected by neuromuscular blockers first?
|
small, rapidly moving skeletal muscles. This includes eyes and digits.
|
|
|
Which muscles are affected by neuromuscular blockers last?
|
larger muscles (abdominal, diaphragm.)
|
|
|
Describe the effects of neuromuscular blocking drugs on the laryngeal muscles:
|
it is faster, but less intense
|
|
|
how is the volume of distribution of neuromuscular blocking drugs?
why so? |
it is limited. This is because they are so highly ionized and watersoluble
|
|
|
name 4 factors that can influence the halftime of neuromuscular blocking drugs:
|
age
volatile anesthetics hepatic disease renal disease |
|
|
how can laryngospasm be treated with neuromuscular blocking drugs?
|
small doses of sux
|
|
|
describe drop in blood pressure with some neuromuscular blocking drugs.
which drugs would be the culprit? |
histamine release
atracurium and mivacurium |
|
|
typically, when do we choose a nondepolarizing drugs?
|
when rapid onset of neuromuscular blockade is not needed
|
|
|
which neuromuscular blocking drug can increase the heart rate?
|
pancuronium
|
|
|
why are extra junctional nachRs normally not present in large numbers?
|
because their synthesis is suppressed by neural activity
|
|
|
how does the hydrolysis of succinylcholine compare to the hydrolysis of acetylcholine?
what is the significance of this? |
it is slow
this results in sustained depolarization and sustained opening of receptor ion channels, and the depolarized post junctional membrane cannot respond to subsequent release of acetylcholine. This is called "depolarizing neuromuscular blockade." |
|
|
What is phase I blockade?
|
depolarizing neuromuscular blockade
|
|
|
name 8 side effects of succinylcholine:
|
dysrhythmia, high potassium, myalgia, myoglobinurea, increased intra gastric pressure, increased intraocular pressure, increased intracranial pressure, sustained skeletal muscle contractions
|
|
|
in which population does myoglobinuria occur with succinylcholine?
|
children. There is muscle damage from fasciculations
|
|
|
name 8 drugs that enhance the effects of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers:
|
volatile anesthetics, aminoglycoside antibiotics, local anesthetics, antiarrhythmics, diuretics, magnesium, and lithium
|
|
|
what effect does hypothermia have on neuromuscular blockers?
|
it prolongs the duration of action of vecuronium, pancuronium, and atracurium
|
|
|
what will a low potassium do to the effects of depolarizing agents?
|
it will cause resistance
|
|
|
what will decrease in potassium do to the effects of nondepolarizing agents?
|
cause increased sensitivity to nondepolarizing agents
|
|
|
what will high potassium do to the effects of depolarizing agents?
|
it increases the effects of depolarizing agents.
this is because it decreases the resting membrane potential and partially depolarizes the membrane |
|
|
what does high potassium do to the effects of nondepolarizing agents?
|
it opposes the action of nondepolarizing agents
high potassium decreases the resting membrane potential and partially depolarizes the cell membrane |
|
|
what effect will burn injury have on the effectiveness of nondepolarizing agents?
|
there is resistance that is seen 10 days after the surgery
|
|
|
what effect will peripheral nerve stimulation have on the affected side of a stroke patient?
|
you'll see resistance
|
|
|
what can be said of peripheral nerve stimulator monitoring with stroke patients?
|
it may underestimate the degree of blockade present at the muscles of ventilation
|
|
|
what effect will peripheral nerve stimulator have on the unaffected side of a stroke patient?
|
You will not see resistance like you did on the affected side
|
