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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mikhail Gorbachev
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(1985-1991)
-career communist Party functionary -from the provinces -President Reagan called on him to tear down the Berlin Wall -2nd wave emigration under his rule |
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Glasnost' and Perestaika
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(late 1980s)
-concepts of openness and restructuring -introduced into Soviet politics by Gorbachev -aimed to reduce inefficiency ad corruption in the former Soviet Union -encourage political liberation |
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Boris Yeltsin
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(1991-1999)
-First president of Russian Federation -era marked by corruption, economic collapse and political and social problems -endorsed price liberation and privatization -imposed a new constitution with strong presidential powers |
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Vladimir Putin
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(2000-2008)
-2nd president of Russia -current prime minister of Russia -high approval ratings among Russian public -impressive economic reform |
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Geography of Caucasus
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-divide between Europe and Asia
-2 major regions -N. Caucasia-plain areas -Transcaucasia-southern slopes of Caucasus mts -Beauty of caucasus described in A Hero of Our Time-Lermontov -Mt Elbrus highest mountain in Europe |
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Resistance to Russian rule in the Caucasus (18th-19th ce.)
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-(1785-1791) first serious rebellion under Ushurma
-(1785)forces defeated Russians at Sunzha river -(1820) next major successful uprising under Shamil -(1834) Shamil created independent N. caucasian state in Chechnya and Dagestan |
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Soviet Period in Caucasus
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(1930s-1940s)
-many religious leaders arrested and killed -mosque and religious schools destroyed -rebellious attacks in 1940 and 1942 -(feb 1944) Stalin ordered interal exile of people in Chechnya |
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The Caucasus since dissolution of USSR after 1992
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-(1992-1994) struggle for power among various groups
-(1996) Yeltsin grant Chechens Provisional autotomy -(Oct 2002) Chechen separist held theater in Moscow hostage -Kadyrov has consolidated power |
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Geography of Siberia
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-bordered in west by Ural Mts. -south by Kazakh uplands and east by Pacific Ocean
-makes up 77% of Russian territory -12th of world's land mass -Winter temps avg -30-40 can plunge into -60 |
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Early Russian Furays into Siberia
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-as early as Kiev/Novgorod Period
-by 3500BCE different Neolithic cultures through out Siberia -about 250,000 inhabitants -decrease in native population because small pox |
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Russia Settlers in Siberia
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-Stroganov family received charter to colonize empty lands in western Siberia
-(1584) Fedor declared further expansion into Siberia would be carried out by government troops in the name of the government -resistance to Russian occupation -discovered resource of furs |
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Soviet Development in Siberia
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-Siberia became last refuge for some "Whites"
-vast expansion of prison system-GULag -Resource extraction main goals of Soviet economic planners -attempt to populate parts of Siberia |
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Traditional Siberian Language, Way of Life
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-Some 35 recognized languages in Siberia
-120 distinct languages when Russians arrived -Hunting and fishing -Permanent dwelling in winter and tents in summer -lack of elaborate political organization |
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Khazaria and the medieval period
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-Khazaria was a kingdom bordering on Slavic world
-Khazars ethnic group existed from 5th-13th ce. -little anti-semitism in medieval Russia because of few Jews -prosecution of Jews began 16th ce. |
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Treatment of Russian Jews in 19th ce.
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-"Jewish problem" or "Jewish Question"
-forced to take up Banking and business related professions -Jews could not assimilate -Under Alexander rule-worst pogroms-attack on Jewish property and life |
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Jews in the Soviet Period
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(1917-1945)
-Jews were target for both Soviets and their opponents-most paradoxical period -Jews had greater opportunity to participate in society -effort at Jewish resettlement to the Crimea and Birobidzhan -Isaac Babel- author wrote on Jewish life executed |
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Jews in the USSR and Russia after WWII
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-little more than 300,000 jews in Russia
-union of Jewish religious communities to promote and maintain orthodox religious life -Spike in anti-semitism commensurate with economic problems of country in 1998 -aggressive attempts to convert Jews to Christians |
