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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 5 causes of ruminant colic? |
1. Pain/stretch recp in the serosa - organs 2. Pain-streth recp in mesentary - heavy organs 3. Ischemia/infarction - hurts until you are dead 4. Inflammation - tissue damage |
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Why is gas accumulation different between horses and ruminants? |
Horses ferment in cecum - cannot eructate it out and too far from rectum to get rapid relief. |
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Are ruminants as affected (gas production wise) due to adhesions? |
NOPE |
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Does ileus in ruminants cause abnormal fermentation? |
NO |
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What is different about the ability of vomition in ruminants? |
They can vomit unlike horses -- so reflux into the rumen |
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What does a high HR mean in a ruminant w/ colic? |
Worse disease |
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Should you be able to palpate a normal abomasum or cecum? |
NO -- if they are palpable there is some kind of pathology |
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What kind of acid/base disturbance does a urinary disease cause? |
Alkalosis |
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What kind of acid/base disturbance does enteritis cause? |
Acidosis. |
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What will increase the severity of a hypochloremia in the case of obstruction |
The proximity to pylorus, duration and completeness of the obstruction. |
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A metabolic alkalosis can occur with what? |
Enteritis, shock, tissue compromise |
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What is the most common cause of adult ruminant colic? |
Urogenital issues |
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What is the most common cause of GI colic? |
Intussception |
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What are ruminant peritonitis' usually secondary to? |
grain overload, traumatic reticulitis, perforating ulceration, severe enteritis, ischemic bowel. |
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What kind of abdominal contour does a functional or physical obstruction cause? |
Ventral abdominal distention. Rare to cause pain - more like to cause anorexia. |
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What cardiovascular compromise do entrapments and volvulus cause? |
Ischemia |
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If an animal is obstructed, how can ischemia interfere with clinical pathology? |
If there is ischemia, the disease progresses faster, and the animal is less likely to show the characteristic hypochloremia metabolic alkalosis of obstruction. |
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What is bloody clot? |
An obstruction of the GIT lumen with blood clots - etiology is unknown |
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What is the name for the road section of an intuseception? |
Intussusceptum |
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What is the name of the aboral section of an intussesception? |
Intussescipiens |
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Where is the most likely place an intussusception will occur in cattle? |
The jejunum. |
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What is a predisposing factor for adult cattle to intussusception? |
Mural and mesenteric masses |
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What is a predisposing factor for intussusception in calves? |
enteritis |
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What would cause you to suspect intussusception in a calf? |
A calf with a hx of enteritis, who has abdominal distention, colic and a decreased passage of feces. |
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What is the GI disease that most consistently causes colic in cattle (colic as the main sign)? |
Intussusecption |
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What are the signs of intussusception? |
Lower passage of feces (raspberry jam consistency), turgid fluid filled loops of bowel, |
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What is the treatment for intussusception? |
Resection/anastomosis, fluid |
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What issues are Simmental cattle predisposed to? |
Cecal issues |
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What are some risk factors for cecal disease? |
Highly fermentable diets; 2º to increased fermentation and gas production in the cecum. |
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What happens to milk production in those with cecal dilatation? |
mild drop in milk production |
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Do cattle with cecal dilatation show signs of dehydration? |
no |
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What does a distended cecum feel like on rectal palpation? |
A vienna loaf of bread. Will ping on R dorsal side |
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What clinical pathology abnormalities are noted with cecal dilatation? |
The same as in the abomasum - metabolic alkalosis, hypochloremia |
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What is the treatment for cecal dilatation? |
Mild: Fluids, calcium supplementation, and a roughage diet Severe: surgery - typhlectomy if necrotic or recurrent. |
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how many cases of cecal dilatation respond to medical management? |
< 50% |
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What kind of feces are passed with a severe, diffuse enteritis? |
very small amounts of d+ or no feces at all. |
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What type of abdominal contour does a severe enteritis produce? |
Globoid - ventral abdominal dissension and bilateral dorsal distention. |
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If you perfumed a rectal examination on a cow with a diffuse, severe, enteritis what would you feel? |
numerous loops of tight, balloon like SI. |
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What organisms are responsible for severe enteritis? |
E. coli, Clostridium: these are what create all that gas to cause the dorsal distention. |
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What is the treatment for severe, diffuse enteritis? |
Fluids and electrolyte treatment (+ prayer) -- most die. |
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How does arsenic toxicosis cause colic? |
a severe, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis. |
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What are some clinical abnormalities seen in arsenic toxicosis? |
SEVERE hyponatremia, hypochloremia. Also see a bad CBC, D+ and obtundation. |
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What is the treatment for arsenic? |
Fluids, NSAIDS, ABX |
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What is the most common pain sign see w/ colitis |
Tenesmus!! |
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What is the most common cause of colitis |
Coccidia |
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What does fermentation of milk in the calf stomach called? |
Milk tympanny |
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What is milk tympanny most often associated with? |
Poor quality milk replacers. |
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How long does it take a calf to recover from milk tympanny? |
a few hours. |
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What can be difficult to differ from milk tympanny? |
Mesenteric torsion and abomasal volvulus |
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How can you tell the difference? |
Volvulus and torsion will get progressively worse and there are pings!!! |
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If the calf is alert what should you give it? |
Time |
